Andrology: Transrectal electroejaculation in combination with in-vitro fertilization: an effective treatment of anejaculatory infertility after testicular cancer

Treatment of non-seminomatous testicular cancer often leadsto infertility due to anejaculation/retrograde ejaculation andpoor sperm quality. In these men spermatozoa may be obtainedby transrectal electroejaculation (TE), but the optimal strategyfor assisted procreation in these couples is not known. Ouraim was to examine whether TE and conventional in-vitro fertilization(IVF) would be successful. A total of 10 couples, with long-standinginfertility due to anejaculation or retrograde ejaculation aftertreatment for testicular cancer 5–14 years earlier, werereferred to our unit. All men underwent diagnostic TE undergeneral anaesthesia. Spermatozoa were recovered in nine cases.The antegrade fraction was prepared and used for IVF. Spermquality was variable and conventional IVF was considered impossiblein three cases. Altogether six IVF treatment cycles in six couplesresulted in five pregnancies, of which four resulted in a deliveryand one resulted in a spontaneous abortion. One additional pregnancyis ongoing after transfer of cryopreserved embryos. The fertilizationrate was 54% (33/61) and the cleavage rate was 97% (32/33).No complications relating to the procedure have been encountered.     

Identification of fast spurts of pyridine nucleotide oxidation evoked by light stimulation in the isolated perfused vertebrate retina

Transitory increases of ultraviolet transmission on stimulation with light were recorded simultaneously with electroretinogram on and off effects from isolated vertebrate retina. The spectral distribution of the optical light responses coincided with that of NADH reduction. The correlation of the optical, or respiratory, responses and the electrical responses were very close within a wide range of stimulus parameters, suggesting an interpretation in terms of supply and demand of energy with a tight coupling between the two kinds of evoked activity. Prerequisite to the response behaviour was the preservation of synaptic signal transmission from first- to higher-order retinal neurons.     

A critical reflection on the personal impact of managerial hegemony within nurse education

This paper, written by two male nurse teachers, describes and analyses their experience of working in a nurse education culture permeated by the philosophy of business management The introduction of business management practices to nurse education is discussed as a reflection of the current political hegemony of market forces and individualism The authors discuss the implications for nurse teachers of being continually exposed to these politically motivated forces which increasingly provide the paradigm for service developments within the United Kingdom health services In discussing the impact of this exposure it is argued that at the personal level individual teachers are experiencing a degree of apathy and personal dissonance which undermines their professional value system, resulting in emotional distress and a crisis of identity It provides a critical reflection on the way organizational dynamics and power relations influence the subjective sense-making of individuals The authors use a multiplicity of perspectives, including those provided by individual psychology, power relations, feminism and personhood, to argue for the need to develop an alternative paradigm which is characterized by the valuing of individual persons, empathic sensitivity and the fostering of creativity been important to us from a personal and professional     

Skiers' lower leg shaft fracture. Outcome in 91 cases treated conservatively with Sarmiento's brace

We report our experience using Sarmiento's method for the conservative treatment of 91 consecutive fractures of the lower leg. The mean age of the patients in our series was 34 years. One patient had an open fracture. All of the patients were followed and were evaluated clinically and radiographically 6 to 12 months after injury. After a period of immobilization by traditional methods (traction/long leg cast), the Sarmiento brace was applied at a mean of 42 days, allowing early weightbearing and mobilization. The brace was removed at a mean of 90 days. Clinical results were excellent; there was minimal persistence of knee or ankle limitation; 84% of the patients had less than 5 mm of final shortening; 96% had less than 4 degrees of final angulation. Work was resumed at a mean of 103 days. We had one nonunion, which we treated operatively 6 months after injury by osteosynthesis and autologous bone grafting. All of the patients were asked to complete a questionnaire; 51% responded, with an average followup of 5 years (range, 1 to 10 years). These patients had been able to resume sports activity 8 months after injury; 52% were skiing 1 year after injury, and 96% were satisfied with the treatment method used. One patient complained of persistent pain.     

Perioperative complications following sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to review complications in a series of 1264 consecutive patients who were operated in a single centre during a 20-year-period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Complications were documented, their incidences calculated and compared with data from the literature. RESULTS: In 35 patients (2.8%) infection developed requiring extraoral incision and drainage; in 27 patients (2.1%) the inferior alveolar nerve was inadvertently cut; 18 patients (1.4%) had to undergo re-operation due to bending or fracture of osteosynthesis material; 15 patients (1.2%) suffered from bleeding complications; in 12 patients (0.9%) an unfavourable split occurred. In 8 patients (0.6%) foreign bodies were left in situ; in 7 patients a partial weakness of the facial nerve occurred, which was permanent in 1 patient. Six patients (0.5%) with a significantly higher age than average (mean: 33.6 years in comparison with 23.1 years) developed non-union at the site of osteotomy, and the mandible had to be bone grafted. Two patients (0.2%) developed osteomyelitis, and in one patient airway problems led to a need for tracheostomy (0.1%). CONCLUSION: Although some of these complications of bilateral sagittal split with osteotomy carry severe limitations in health related quality of life, it remains an overall safe procedure, demanding, however, comprehensive informed consent. Good knowledge of technical reasons for these complications should help to reduce their incidence.