1 003例中医体质类型流行病学调查分析

目的:初步了解安徽省自然人群的中医体质类型分布状况。方法:采用标准化的9种中医体质量表对1 003例自然人群实施横断面现状调查。结果:平和质561例,单纯偏颇体质247例,兼夹偏颇体质195例。8种偏颇体质总的分布状况是,气虚质最多(235例,单纯气虚质与兼夹体质中气虚质例数之和,下同),其次为湿热质(128例)、气郁质(122例)、痰湿质(80例);阳虚质(71例)、阴虚质(52例)和瘀血质(42例)最少,阴虚质与瘀血质主要出现在兼夹体质中。结论:9种体质在人群中的分布存在一定的差异性,兼夹体质在人群中占有一定的比例。     

Insulin-treated Zucker diabetic fatty rats retain the hypertriglyceridemia associated with obesity

Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein changes were evaluated in 10-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) male rats following 12 weeks of insulin treatment, which normalized blood glucose and maintained weight gaining characteristic of nondiabetic Zucker fatty rats. Compared with untreated ZDF rats (saline-injected), insulin treatment resulted in increased very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL; d < 1.006 g/mL) and decreased alpha lipoprotein on agarose gel electrophoresis. These findings were consistent with an observed increase in VLDL triglyceride and cholesterol, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with insulin treatment in isolated lipoproteins. B100 levels were unchanged by insulin treatment, but B48 levels were significantly increased in the VLDL fraction. Insulin treatment depressed apolipoprotein (apo) A-I levels in HDL, but had little effect on total apo E, apo A-IV, or apo C, although apo C was redistributed to the VLDL fraction. These results suggest that insulin treatment of ZDF rats normalizes hyperglycemia and prevents age-related changes in lipoprotein parameters associated with development of insulinopenic diabetes. Insulin therapy in ZDF rats thereby sustains the hyperlipidemic lipoprotein pattern associated with hyperinsulinemia and obesity.     

超抗原与T细胞的作用

超抗原不需要抗原提呈细胞的加工处理,以MHCII类分子依赖或非依赖的方式递呈,结合于TCR的Vβ而激活T细胞,使其发生增殖、凋亡和免疫无反应性。研究超抗原与T细胞的作用,将有助于探讨淋巴细胞对自身抗原的耐受机制,HIV致病的机理,以及超抗原在肿瘤免疫治疗中的安全应用等。     

Human obesity is characterized by a selective potentiation of central chemoreflex sensitivity.

The chemoreflexes are an important mechanism for regulation of both breathing and autonomic cardiovascular function. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of alveolar hypoventilation and carbon dioxide retention, suggesting that abnormalities in chemoreflex control mechanisms may be implicated. We tested the hypothesis that chemoreflex function is altered in obesity. We compared ventilatory, sympathetic, heart rate, and blood pressure responses to hypercapnia, hypoxia, and the cold pressor test in 14 obese subjects and 14 normal-weight subjects matched for age and gender. During hypercapnia, the increase in minute ventilation was significantly greater in obese subjects (7.0+/-0.3 L/min) than in normal-weight subjects (3.3+/-1.1 L/min; P=0.03). Despite higher minute ventilation during hypercapnia in obese subjects, the increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity was similar in obese and normal-weight subjects. When the inhibitory influence of breathing during hypercapnia was eliminated by apnea, the increase in sympathetic nerve activity in obese subjects (99+/-16%) was greater than in normal-weight subjects (44+/-16%; P=0.02). The magnitude of the ventilatory and autonomic responses to hypoxia and the cold pressor test was similar in obese and normal-weight subjects. We conclude that chemoreflex responses to hypercapnia are potentiated in eucapnic obese subjects. In contrast, responses to hypoxia and to the excitatory cold pressor stimulus in obese subjects are similar to those in normal-weight subjects. Thus, obesity is characterized by selective potentiation of central chemoreflex sensitivity.     

急性吗啡耐受大鼠脑内孤啡肽含量和释放量变化的研究

目的：应用放射免疫分析方法检测急性吗啡耐受过程中大鼠脑室灌流液、中脑导水管周围灰质（ＰＡＧ）及杏仁核中孤啡肽（ＯＦＱ）免疫活性（ｉｒ）的动态变化。结果：（１）每２小时皮下注射盐酸吗啡１次（７ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,连续注射８次,造成急性吗啡耐受。此组大鼠脑室灌流液中ＯＦＱｉｒ较生理盐水对照组升高４０％,差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）皮下注射吗啡１、６、８次的大鼠ＰＡＧ中ＯＦＱｉｒ含量呈逐渐增长趋势,分别较生理盐水组升高９％（Ｐ＞０．０５）、３５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和６０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）皮下注射１次吗啡的大鼠杏仁核中ＯＦＱｉｒ与生理盐水组相比,降低１１％,但无统计学意义;至第８次吗啡注射后较对照组升高４１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：多次注射吗啡能引起大鼠脑内ＯＦＱ含量和释放增多,结合以往关于ＯＦＱ在脑内对抗吗啡镇痛的事实表明内源性ＯＦＱ可能参与急性吗啡耐受的形成。     

1868例慢性乙型肝炎患者中医证候分布特征及与血清病毒学指标的相关性分析

目的运用临床流行病学方法分析慢性乙型肝炎（ChronichepatitisB,CHB）患者中医证候分布特征,并探讨其主要中医证型与血清病毒学指标的相关性。方法基于多中心、大样本的横断面调查方法回顾性分析1868例CHB患者的中医证候分布特征,并运用二元logistic逐步回归分析以探讨其常见证型与病毒学指标的相关性。结果CHB的常见中医证型为肝郁脾虚证（42.3％）、湿热蕴结证（23．1％）、肝郁气滞证（11．9％）、肝肾阴虚证（5．7％）、瘀血阻络证（5．3％）、脾肾阳虚证（3．4％）;HBeAg与湿热蕴结证呈正相关（OR=9．010,P〈0.01）,与肝郁气滞证（OR=0．335,P〈0．01）、肝肾阴虚证（OR=0．215,P〈0．01）、瘀血阻络证（OR=0．506,P〈0．05）、脾肾阳虚证（OR=0．111,P〈0．01）均呈负相关;HBeAb与湿热蕴结证呈正相关（OR=3．489,P〈0．01）,与肝肾阴虚证（OR=0．356,P〈0．01）、脾肾阳虚证（OR=0．108,P〈0．01）呈负相关。结论CHB中医证型以肝郁脾虚证最多见;CHB主要中医证型与病毒学指标之间存在相关性。     

Immunopathology of inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)results from a complex series of interactions between susceptibility genes,the environment,and the immune system.The host microbiome,as well as viruses and fungi,play important roles in the development of IBD either by causing inflammation directly or indirectly through an altered immune system.New technologies have allowed researchers to be able to quantify the various components of the microbiome,which will allow for future developments in the etiology of IBD.Various components of the mucosal immune system are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD and include intestinal epithelial cells,innate lymphoid cells,cells of the innate(macrophages/monocytes,neutrophils,and dendritic cells)and adaptive(T-cells and B-cells)immune system,and their secreted mediators(cytokines and chemokines).Either a mucosal susceptibility or defect in sampling of gut luminal antigen,possibly through the process of autophagy,leads to activation of innate immune response that may be mediated by enhanced toll-like receptor activity.The antigen presenting cells then mediate the differentiation of na?ve T-cells into effector T helper(Th)cells,including Th1,Th2,and Th17,which alter gut homeostasis and lead to IBD.In this review,the effects of these components in the immunopathogenesis of IBD will be discussed.