从褪黑素与阴阳的关系探讨失眠症的治疗

中医学认为,人是天地之气的产物,人体的构成及其生命活动与天地阴阳的变化相合相应,息息相关。褪黑素的分泌节律与光照周期变化关系密切,本文分别从昼夜阴阳变化、四时阴阳变化、生物体生命周期3个角度入手,探讨褪黑素与阴阳的关系,从而为失眠症发病机理及治疗方法的研究提供新思路。     

山东省高年级小学生2012年与2019年烟草使用与暴露分析

目的:比较山东省高年级小学生2012年与2019年烟草使用和暴露情况。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在山东省东、中、西部各抽取1个市进行监测,每个市随机抽取城市和农村小学各2 所,由研究对象匿名填写调查问卷,2012年和2019年分别调查3~6年级学生5 861人和4 021人。采用 χ2检验对不同组别...     

退行性心瓣膜病患者心功能分级与脂联素、脑钠肽、超敏C反应蛋白的关系

目的探讨退行性心瓣膜病(DHVD)患者不同心功能分级时,脂联素(APN)、脑钠肽(BNP)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平变化及其临床意义。方法按NYHA心功能分级将132例DHVD患者分为4组:心功能Ⅰ级组(A组)、心功能Ⅱ级组(B组)、心功能Ⅲ级组(C组)、心功能Ⅳ级组(D组)。检测所有患者血清APN、BNP、hs-CRP水平及左心室射血分数(LVEF),比较各组之间的差异。结果 DHVD患者血清APN、BNP、hs-CRP水平随着心功能恶化而逐渐升高,每组间差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。APN、BNP、hs-CRP水平与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.36,P<0.01;r=-0.42,P<0.01;r=-0.39,P<0.01)。结论 APN、BNP、hs-CRP有助于DHVD患者心功能危险分层评价。     

Toward Diverse or Standardized: A Systematic Review Identifying Transcutaneous Stimulation of Auricular Branch of the Vagus Nerve in Nomenclature

ObjectivesAfter 20 years of development, there is confusion in the nomenclature of transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN). We performed a systematic review of transcutaneous stimulation of ABVN in nomenclature.Materials and MethodsA systematic search of the literature was carried out, using the bibliographic search engine PubMed. The search covered articles published up until June 11, 2020. We recorded the full nomenclature and abbreviated nomenclature same or similar to transcutaneous stimulation of ABVN in the selected eligible studies, as well as the time and author information of this nomenclature.ResultsFrom 261 studies, 67 full nomenclatures and 27 abbreviated nomenclatures were finally screened out, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and tVNS are the most common nomenclature, accounting for 38.38% and 42.06%, respectively. In a total of 97 combinations of full nomenclatures and abbreviations, the most commonly used nomenclature for the combination of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and tVNS, accounting for 30.28%. Interestingly, the combination of full nomenclatures and abbreviations is not always a one-to-one relationship, there are ten abbreviated nomenclatures corresponding to transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, and five full nomenclatures corresponding to tVNS. In addition, based on the analysis of the usage habits of nomenclature in 21 teams, it is found that only three teams have fixed habits, while other different teams or the same team do not always use the same nomenclature in their paper.ConclusionsThe phenomenon of confusion in the nomenclature of transcutaneous stimulation of ABVN is obvious and shows a trend of diversity. The nomenclature of transcutaneous stimulation of ABVN needs to become more standardized in the future.     

The association between calcium supplement and preeclampsia and gestational hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether calcium supplement with or without other drugs could reduce the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension based on existed evidence, and to clarify whether there is discrepant effect among different population and using different dose.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE database were searched. Two authors independently screened all records and extracted data. The meta-analysis was performed to calculate risk ratios and 95% CIs using random-effects models.

Results: 27 studies, with 28 492 pregnant women were included. The results showed calcium supplement was associated with lower incidence of preeclampsia (RR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.64) and gestational hypertension (RR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.82). Sub-analyses revealed high-dose (1.2–2 g/day), moderate-dose (0.6–1.2 g/day), and low-dose (<0.6 g/day) of calcium supplement could reduce the risk of preeclampsia. For gestational hypertension, only high dose and moderate dose groups were associated with reducing the risk of gestational hypertension. However, we could draw a conclusion which does group was the most protective, as we were unable to directly compare the effects of different doses.

Conclusions: This study indicated calcium supplementation might decrease the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. And results of subgroups analyses enhanced our confidence to the protective effect of calcium supplementation. However, further studies with direct comparison of different dose of calcium supplementation are needed to explore the ideal dose of calcium supplementation to prevent preeclampsia and gestational hypertension.     

加味葶苈大枣泻肺汤联合抗结核固定剂量复合制剂方案治疗初治菌阳肺结核疗效观察

目的观察加味葶苈大枣泻肺汤联合抗结核固定剂量复合制剂(FDC)方案治疗初治菌阳肺结核的临床疗效。方法将80例初治菌阳肺结核患者按照随机数字表法分为2组。对照组40例予2HRZE/4HR的标准化FDC方案治疗;治疗组40例在对照组治疗基础上联合加味葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗。2组均治疗8周后统计影像学病灶吸收情况,并观察2组治疗4、8周痰检转阴率、中医证候疗效指数情况。结果治疗4周治疗组痰检转阴率(62.5%)优于对照组(40.0%,P<0.05),治疗8周2组痰检转阴率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经χ^2检验,2组影像学病灶吸收情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗4、8周治疗组中医证候疗效指数均高于对照组同期(P<0.05)。结论加味葶苈大枣泻肺汤能更快地提高初治菌阳肺结核患者的痰检转阴率,改善中医证候疗效确切。     

康洁露消毒液的研制及消毒效果

本文报道了以水提醇沉工艺及板式超滤方法从多种中草药中提取康洁露消毒液的研制过程.实验及现场消毒效果表明,康洁露消毒液对革兰氏阳性及阴性细菌繁殖体作用1分钟即可全部杀灭,对小白鼠的急性毒性强度属无毒级,对皮肤无刺激性,稳定性良好.旨在为国际旅行者提供安全有效的消毒剂,保护人体健康.     

2000年度经络研究进展

本文综述了国家“九·五”攀登计划预选项目“经络的研究” 2 0 0 0年度的工作进展。过去的一年中 ,经络研究在循经感传的中枢及外周机制、经脉 脏腑相关的神经生物学机理、经脉循行路线的理化特性等方面围绕各自提出的假说做了大量工作。结果表明 :①针刺引起的反射性肌电反应等信息可沿着肌肉的长轴双向跨神经节段传递 ,Aδ和C类神经纤维介导此传递过程 ,并受交感活动的影响 ;支配穴位区的运动神经元在脊髓前角有严格的上下空间对应关系 ;针刺穴位可引起大脑皮层体觉区及运动区磁共振反应 ,促使皮层功能活动的同步化。②心包经、心经和心脏在脊神经节和脊髓背角有特异性会聚 ,在脊髓内由颈部背角到胸部的侧角等可通过交感节前神经元与心脏联系 ;脊神经节及脊髓内的CGRP等神经肽、阿片肽受体以及外周血液中单胺类递质等均参与其联系过程。针刺胃经经穴可特异性地调节胃肠功能活动 ,外周血液、胃内及延脑极后区内胃肠肽的水平 ;胸部脊髓背角是胃经穴位电针和胃扩张信息汇聚和整和的部位。③沿经脉循行线特异性出现的高温带或低温带是一种正常的生理或病理现象 ,高温带的产生与该处组织能量代谢的旺盛、皮肤微循环的增强有关。针刺胃经穴位时在其循行线上和胃内出现含蛋白质的液晶颗粒 ;经脉循行线具有低     

低剂量数字化X线系统的成像原理及结构

描述一种新型X线机,其特点为低剂量、直接数字化,使用计算机进行数字图像处理,并直接快速成像。文中对探测器原理及整机进行了叙述,并简介其组成,主要性能及特点,此外还对本机的优缺点进行分析。     

经皮耳迷走神经刺激抗抑郁胆碱能机制的探讨＊

抑郁症是受到全球广泛关注的重点精神类疾病，越来越多的证据显示胆碱能系统在抑郁症的发生发展中扮演着重要的角色。经皮耳迷走神经刺激（Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation， taVNS）是基于中医的针灸耳穴理论和现代神经调控技术发展而来的一种方法，可取得和传统颈部迷走神经刺激相似的疗效。临床研究表明taVNS抗抑郁作用显著，但内在的作用机制尚不明确。本文拟从炎性反应、神经可塑性、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal， HPA）轴和脑区活动四个方面展开，探讨胆碱能系统参与taVNS抗抑郁的可能作用机制，以优化taVNS抗抑郁的临床应用，同时为taVNS治疗与胆碱能系统相关的疾病奠定理论基础。