大鼠油酸肺损伤早期肺组织一氧化氮合成酶活性变化、基因表达及其细胞定位

目的观察油酸肺损伤早期肺组织一氧化氮合成酶（ＮＯＳ）活性变化、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（ｉＮＯＳ）基因表达变化及其细胞定位。方法３Ｈ－胍氨酸测定法测定ＮＯＳ活性；应用３２Ｐ标记核酸探针狭线杂交技术和地高辛标记核酸探针原位杂交技术检测油酸肺损伤大鼠肺组织。结果正常肺组织ＮＯＳ活性很低且无ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达；急性肺损伤后ｉＮＯＳ活性升高且与ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达相一致；硝基左旋精氨酸（ＬＮＮＡ）可抑制ｉＮＯＳ活性并下调ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达；伤后表达ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ的阳性细胞可能为肺泡巨噬细胞、粒细胞、支气管上皮细胞、肺泡上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、内皮细胞。结论急性肺损伤后肺组织ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ的表达是一个突然启动的主动合成过程；ＬＮＮＡ抑制ＮＯ产生可能与其下调ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达有关；肺组织表达ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ阳性细胞的多样性可能与ＮＯ损伤肺组织的复杂性有关。     

谷氨酰胺对创伤大鼠免疫功能及感染后死亡率的影响

目的研究经肠补充谷氨酰胺（Ｇｌｕ）对创伤大鼠免疫功能及感染后死亡率的影响。方法通过闭合性创伤模型大鼠肠内补充或不补充Ｇｌｕ两种方式进行对比实验。实验分为两部分：实验１测定伤后脾脏淋巴细胞及腹腔巨噬细胞的免疫功能；实验２在伤后第７天静注活绿脓杆菌，观察注菌后７天内动物的死亡率及脏器细菌检出率。结果伤后脾脏淋巴细胞增殖反应下降，ＩＬ－２生成减少，细胞膜ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达受抑；同时，腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性降低，ＩＬ－１产量下降。但补充Ｇｌｕ组的免疫抑制程度明显轻于非补充组。创伤感染后大鼠死亡率及细菌检出率补充Ｇｌｕ组明显低于非补充组。结论闭合性创伤大鼠免疫功能受到明显抑制，经肠补充Ｇｌｕ能明显改善其免疫功能，提高创伤感染后的存活率     

Motion sickness severity under interaction of vection and head movements

Vection alone, or combined with head movements, has been shown to invoke motion sickness (MS). This study's purpose was to observe how different combinations of vection and head movements influenced the severity of MS. We tested 26 subjects in a rotating sphere at a speed of 45 degrees/s, resulting in vertical yaw, horizontal roll or pitch vection. Coincidently, subjects pitched, rolled, or yawed their heads (0.5 Hz, 20 degrees). We found that yaw vection combined with pitch or roll head movements significantly increased MS, while pitch vection with any type of head movement, or head and scene rotation about the same axis significantly reduced MS. When the head was kept stationary, pitch vection was most stressful for MS, followed by roll vection, then yaw vection, although yaw vection was the strongest sensation of self-rotation.     

法莫替丁氯化钠注射液的稳定性研究

目的研究法莫替丁氯化钠注射液的稳定性及其贮存期。方法以HPLC法测定法莫替丁及其有关物质的含量，分别用加速实验法、室温留样观察法和强光照射法对法莫替丁进行稳定性实验。结果法莫替丁的含量随温度的升高和时间的延长逐渐下降，但有关物质的含量均小于2％。加速实验法结果：温度40℃，湿度75％条件下，法莫替丁氯化钠放置1个月、3个月和6个月时，法莫替丁的含量依次为标示量的101．9％、101．3％和101．2％。室温留样观察法：法莫替丁氯化钠注射液放置1年含量为100．8％。强光照射法：在450Lx光照下第1d、第5d和第lOd法莫替丁的含量依次为标示量的102．6％、102．1％和101．3％。结论3种实验方法测得的数据基本一致。法莫替丁氯化钠注射液的有效期可暂定为1年。     

hBMP7基因转染对兔骨髓间充质干细胞增殖及胶原合成的影响

使用含hBMP7基因的重组逆转录病毒液感染兔骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSc）,MTT法检测细胞增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,^3H脯氨酸掺故法检测I型胶原合成和表达情况。结果显示,经hBMP7基因转染的BMSc与空载体转染及未转染的BMSc在细胞增殖、细胞周期表现方面无显著性差异,经转染的BMSc合成胶原显著高于空载体转染和未转染者。提示采用逆转录病毒介导转染BMSc后能促进细胞的胶原合成,对BMSc增殖和细胞周期无显著影响,有利于进一步 应用于构建组织工程化骨组织。     

肌瓣作为BMP载体构建血管化骨组织修复骨缺损的形态学研究

为探讨肌瓣作为骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）载体构建血管化骨组织修复骨缺损的可行性及其生物学特征，制作兔桡骨下段15mm骨缺损，将去神经化的指深屈肌瓣转位至缺损区，作为BMP载体来修复骨缺损，通过大体、X线、组织学、原位末端标记（TUNEL）等方法观察骨缺损的修复过程及生物学变化。结果发现，骨骼肌逐渐发生萎缩，2周时肌瓣内可触及串珠状团位，有大量软骨细胞生成，沿肌间隙分布；6调 时骨桥与宿主骨紧密结合，软骨溶解区有大量纺织骨形成，出现骨髓腔并与宿主骨髓腔再通，肌纤维被增殖的间充质细胞、软骨细胞及结缔组织所分割；8周时肌纤维几乎完全消失，新生骨组织于条索状桥接两断端，组织学显示骨骼肌萎缩的同时，部分细胞核出现崩解，并有凋亡小体出现；TUNEL染色呈阳性。说明肌瓣可作为BMP的良好载体用于构建血管化的骨组织来修复骨缺损。     

成人门静脉海绵样变性的诊断和治疗

目的　探讨成人门静脉海绵样变性的诊断方法和治疗。方法　对 31例成人门静脉海绵样变性患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 31例患者术前均有出血史 ,术前均经超声检查提示肝脏正常及门静脉海绵样变性 ,经脾穿刺门静脉造影或选择性肠系膜上动脉造影确诊。 12例行脾动脉结扎、胃冠状静脉及分支结扎、肠 腔C型架桥术 ,1例行脾 肾静脉架桥术。 8例已切脾断流后再出血患者 ,结扎冠状静脉主干后 ,6例行肠 腔C型架桥术 ,1例行肠系膜下静脉 下腔静脉C型架桥术 ,1例因静脉曲张和出血部位在空肠上段而行空肠节段切除术。 6例行脾 腔架桥术 ,2例行改良脾 肺固定术 ,脾 肾架桥术和门静脉 下腔静脉架桥术各 1例 ,1例行脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术。术后随访 6个月～ 4年 (随访率 10 0 % ) ,食管胃底曲张静脉均减轻或消失 ,无再出血和肝性脑病发生。结论　多普勒超声检查和经皮脾穿刺门静脉造影是诊断本病的理想方法 ;门 体分流术加门 奇断流术是治疗本病的最佳选择。     

大鼠牵张性脊髓损伤后细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的实验研究

目的观察大鼠牵张性脊髓损伤后细胞凋亡现象,检测脊髓损伤后凋亡相关基因的表达。方法大鼠脊髓T13～L2经牵张损伤,皮层体感诱发电位(CSEP)监测P1N1波幅下降至术前波幅70%后,分别于术后30min、6h、1、4、7、14、21d处死大鼠,取材(n=4)。应用流式细胞仪、原位末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导dUTP标记(TUNEL)技术观察脊髓细胞凋亡情况,用免疫组化检测p53、bax和bcl2的表达。结果流式细胞仪及TUNEL法检测显示,损伤组术后6h凋亡细胞开始增多,术后7d细胞凋亡率达高峰,随后开始回落,持续21d,与空白对照组及椎板切除组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<005,001)。TUNEL法染色显示,白质中出现大量胶质细胞凋亡。免疫组化染色显示损伤组术后6h开始,p53、bax和bcl2阳性表达开始增多,p53阳性细胞数术后4d达高峰,bax和bcl2术后7d达高峰,损伤组各时相点的阳性表达与空白对照组与椎板切除组比较差异有显著性意义(P<005,001)。结论牵张性脊髓损伤后存在细胞凋亡现象,从形态上看包括神经元和胶质细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡是牵张性脊髓损伤继发损害中细胞死亡的一种重要形式,也是继发损伤期的重要病理变化。凋亡相关基因p53、bax大量表达,可能在脊髓细胞凋亡过程中起重要作用。     

直肠癌患者根治性前切除术后复发转移的单因素和多因素分析

目的探讨直肠癌患者根治性前切除术后复发转移的相关临床病理因素。方法应用单因素和多因素分析方法,回顾性分析1990年至1999年262例直肠癌根治性前切除术患者的临床病理因素。结果单因素分析显示,Dukes分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤部位、分化程度、远切缘长度与直肠癌前切除术后复发转移有关,肿瘤部位、远切缘长度与局部复发有关。多因素分析显示,分化程度和远切缘长度是影响术后复发转移的预后因素,远切缘长度是影响术后局部复发的预后因素。结论肿瘤分化程度和远切缘长度是影响直肠癌患者根治性前切除术后复发转移的重要预后因素,肿瘤远切缘短的患者术后局部复发的风险增大。     

The effect of treatment strategy on stone comminution efficiency in shock wave lithotripsy

PURPOSE: The comminution of kidney stones in shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is a dose dependent process caused primarily by the combination of 2 fundamental mechanisms, namely stress waves and cavitation. The effect of treatment strategy with emphasis on enhancing the effect of stress waves or cavitation on stone comminution in SWL was investigated. Because vascular injury in SWL is also dose dependent, optimization of the treatment strategy may produce improved stone comminution with decreased tissue injury in SWL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using an in vitro experiment system that mimics stone fragmentation in the renal pelvis spherical BegoStone (Bego USA, Smithfield, Rhode Island) phantoms (diameter 10 mm) were exposed to 1,500 shocks at a pulse repetition rate of 1 Hz in an unmodified HM-3 lithotripter (Dornier Medical Systems, Kennesaw, Georgia). The 3 treatment strategies used were increasing output voltage from 18 to 20 and then to 22 kV every 500 shocks with emphasis on enhancing the effect of cavitation on medium fragments (2 to 4 mm) at the final treatment stage, decreasing output voltage from 22 to 20 and then to 18 kV every 500 shocks with emphasis on enhancing the effect of stress waves on large fragments (greater than 4 mm) at the initial treatment stage and maintaining a constant output voltage at 20 kV, as typically used in SWL procedures. Following shock wave exposure the size distribution of fragments was determined by the sequential sieving method. In addition, pressure waveforms at lithotripter focus (F2) produced at different output settings were measured using a fiber optic probe hydrophone. RESULTS: The rate of stone comminution in SWL varied significantly in a dose dependent manner depending on the treatment strategies used. Specifically the comminution efficiencies produced by the 3 strategies after the initial 500 shocks were 30.7%, 59% and 41.9%, respectively. After 1,000 shocks the corresponding comminution efficiencies became similar (60.2%, 68.1% and 66.4%, respectively) with no statistically significant differences (p = 0.08). After 1,500 shocks the final comminution efficiency produced by the first strategy was 88.7%, which was better than the corresponding values of 81.2% and 83.5%, respectively, for the other 2 strategies. The difference between the final comminution efficiency of the first and second strategies was statistically significant (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Progressive increase in lithotripter output voltage can produce the best overall stone comminution in vitro.