全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3899篇 |
免费 | 225篇 |
国内免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 55篇 |
儿科学 | 42篇 |
妇产科学 | 63篇 |
基础医学 | 679篇 |
口腔科学 | 20篇 |
临床医学 | 306篇 |
内科学 | 1024篇 |
皮肤病学 | 83篇 |
神经病学 | 373篇 |
特种医学 | 192篇 |
外科学 | 384篇 |
综合类 | 20篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 170篇 |
眼科学 | 55篇 |
药学 | 344篇 |
中国医学 | 32篇 |
肿瘤学 | 307篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 27篇 |
2022年 | 98篇 |
2021年 | 190篇 |
2020年 | 72篇 |
2019年 | 98篇 |
2018年 | 118篇 |
2017年 | 86篇 |
2016年 | 100篇 |
2015年 | 100篇 |
2014年 | 133篇 |
2013年 | 198篇 |
2012年 | 296篇 |
2011年 | 263篇 |
2010年 | 143篇 |
2009年 | 144篇 |
2008年 | 243篇 |
2007年 | 223篇 |
2006年 | 231篇 |
2005年 | 212篇 |
2004年 | 217篇 |
2003年 | 159篇 |
2002年 | 179篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 23篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 25篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 16篇 |
1968年 | 8篇 |
1966年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有4150条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
73.
Hoffman HM Throne ML Amar NJ Sebai M Kivitz AJ Kavanaugh A Weinstein SP Belomestnov P Yancopoulos GD Stahl N Mellis SJ 《Arthritis and rheumatism》2008,58(8):2443-2452
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of rilonacept (Interleukin-1 [IL-1] Trap), a long-acting and potent inhibitor of IL-1, in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS) and Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS). METHODS: Forty-seven adult patients with CAPS, as defined by mutations in the causative NLRP3 (CIAS1) gene and pathognomonic symptoms, were enrolled in 2 consecutive phase III studies. Study 1 involved a 6-week randomized double-blind comparison of weekly subcutaneous injections of rilonacept (160 mg) versus placebo. Study 2 consisted of 9 weeks of single-blind treatment with rilonacept (part A), followed by a 9-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal procedure (part B). Primary efficacy was evaluated using a validated composite key symptom score. RESULTS: Forty-four patients completed both studies. In study 1, rilonacept therapy reduced the group mean composite symptom score by 84%, compared with 13% with placebo therapy (primary end point; P < 0.0001 versus placebo). Rilonacept also significantly improved all other efficacy end points in study 1 (numbers of multisymptom and single-symptom disease flare days, single-symptom scores, physician's and patient's global assessments of disease activity, limitations in daily activities, and C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A [SAA] levels). In study 2 part B, rilonacept was superior to placebo for maintaining the improvements seen with rilonacept therapy, as shown by all efficacy parameters (primary end point; P < 0.0001 versus placebo). Rilonacept was generally well tolerated; the most common adverse events were injection site reactions. CONCLUSION: Treatment with weekly rilonacept provided marked and lasting improvement in the clinical signs and symptoms of CAPS, and normalized the levels of SAA from those associated with risk of developing amyloidosis. Rilonacept exhibited a generally favorable safety and tolerability profile. 相似文献
74.
75.
Pichurin PN Chazenbalk GD Aliesky H Pichurina O Rapoport B McLachlan SM 《Endocrinology》2004,145(12):5504-5514
Naked DNA vaccination with the TSH receptor (TSHR) does not, in most studies, induce TSHR antibodies and never induces hyperthyroidism in BALB/c mice. Proteins expressed endogenously by vaccination are preferentially presented by major histocompatibility complex class I, but optimal T cell help for antibody production requires lysosomal processing and major histocompatibility complex class II presentation. To divert protein expression to lysosomes, we constructed a plasmid with the TSHR ectodomain spliced between the signal peptide and transmembrane-intracellular region of lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1, a lysosome-associated membrane protein. BALB/c mice pretreated with cardiotoxin were primed intramuscularly using this LAMP-TSHR chimera and boosted twice with DNA encoding wild-type TSHR, TSHR A-subunit, or LAMP-TSHR. With each protocol, spleen cells responded to TSHR antigen by secreting interferon-gamma, and 60% or more mice had TSHR antibodies detectable by ELISA. TSH binding inhibitory activity was present in seven, four, and two of 10 mice boosted with TSHR A-subunit, LAMP-TSHR, or wild-type TSHR, respectively. Importantly, six of 30 mice had elevated T4 levels and goiter (5 of 6 with detectable thyroid-stimulating antibodies). Injecting LAMP-TSHR intradermally without cardiotoxin pretreatment induced TSHR antibodies detectable by ELISA but not by TSH binding inhibitory activity, and none became hyperthyroid. These findings are consistent with a role for cardiotoxin-recruited macrophages in which (unlike in fibroblasts) LAMP-TSHR can be expressed intracellularly and on the cell surface. In conclusion, hijacking the TSHR to lysosomes enhances T cell responses and TSHR antibody generation and induces Graves'-like hyperthyroidism in BALB/c mice by intramuscular naked DNA vaccination. 相似文献
76.
Neuroactive pregnanolone isomers during pregnancy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Parízek A Hill M Kancheva R Havlíková H Kancheva L Cindr J Pasková A Pouzar V Cerny I Drbohlav P Hájek Z Stárka L 《The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism》2005,90(1):395-403
The pregnanolone isomers (PI) allopregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one), pregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one), isopregnanolone (3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one), epipregnanolone (3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one), progesterone, and estradiol were measured in 138 pregnant women. The sampling was carried out from the first through the 10th month of pregnancy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and RIA were used for the measurement of steroid levels. The ratios of individual PI were similar to those found previously around parturition: about 25:10:7:1 for allopregnanolone, pregnanolone, isopregnanolone, and epipregnanolone, respectively. All the PI showed a significant increase during pregnancy, which was more pronounced in the 3alpha-steroids. The results indicated changing ratios between 3alpha- and 3beta-PI and between 5alpha- and 5beta-PI throughout pregnancy. The constant allopregnanolone/isopregnanolone ratio found through pregnancy weakened the hypothesis of the role of isopregnanolone in the onset of parturition. The ratio of estradiol (stimulating uterine activity) to 5alpha-PI and epipregnanolone exhibited significant changes during pregnancy in favor of estradiol up to the sixth or seventh month, in contrast to the constant estradiol/pregnanolone ratio. A pregnancy-stabilizing role of pregnanolone, counterbalancing the stimulating effect of estradiol on the onset of parturition, was suggested. 相似文献
77.
Hsi ED Kopecky KJ Appelbaum FR Boldt D Frey T Loftus M Hussein MA 《British journal of haematology》2003,120(6):1017-1025
CD38 expression on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells is a poor prognostic factor, however, methods for measuring this vary. The QuantiBRITETM flow cytometry (FC) system yields an absolute antigen expression value (antibodies bound/cell, ABC) and may be useful in standardizing CD38 expression analysis. We evaluated cryopreserved pretreatment CLL cells for CD20 ABC, CD38 ABC, and percentage of CD38+ B cells from 131 patients requiring therapy. The 92 patients (70%) with >/= 100 CD38 ABC had worse overall survival (OS; 34% at 5 years) compared with those with < 100 CD38 ABC (70% at 5 years, mortality hazard ratio 2.30, 95% confidence interval 1.28-4.12; two-tailed P = 0.003). Among the 64 patients with < 30% CD38+ cells, OS of the 25 with >/= 100 ABC was worse than that of the 39 with < 100 ABC (P = 0.018). OS of patients with < 30% CD38+ cells and >/= 100 ABC was actually similar to that of patients with >/= 30% CD38+ cells. BrightCD20 expression (>/= 20 000 ABC) was not associated with a worse OS (P = 0.10). The presence of >/= 100 CD38 ABC in CLL patients requiring therapy is an unfavourable prognostic factor for OS and quantitative FC may be superior to percentage CD38+ cell assessment. Prospective trials are required to determine more precisely the prognostic significance of absolute expression levels in fresh CLL cells. 相似文献
78.
79.
Adaptive cardiac binding, a new surgical procedure for advanced heart failure, allows a gradual increase in compression on the dilated heart, with separate loads on the left and right ventricles. A canine model of biventricular heart failure (anastomosis between the carotid artery and jugular vein and doxorubicin administration) was created. Twenty-four dogs were divided into 4 groups: control, adynamic cardiomyoplasty, plastic cardiac binding, and adaptive cardiac binding. In the adaptive cardiac binding group, fluid was added (35, 15, and 10 mL) to each side of the pouch at weeks 1, 2, and 3. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 59%+/-4% before induction of heart failure and 27%+/-2% 6 weeks later. Immediately after the main operation, left ventricular ejection fractions were 35+/-3% (cardiomyoplasty), 34%+/-4% (plastic cardiac binding), and 35%+/-4% (adaptive cardiac binding). Four weeks later, left ventricular ejection fraction had not changed in the cardiomyoplasty (37%+/-3%) and plastic cardiac binding (32%+/-2%) groups, but significantly increased in the adaptive cardiac binding group (48%+/-5%); it had decreased to 23%+/-4% in controls. Adaptive cardiac binding is a promising new surgical approach for patients with end-stage heart failure. 相似文献
80.
Our previous work demonstrated 2 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), C2QTL1 and C2QTL2, for blood pressure (BP) located on chromosome (Chr) 2 of Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. However, for a lack of markers, the 2 congenic strains delineating C2QTL1 and C2QTL2 could not be separated. The position of the C2QTL1 was only inferred by comparing 2 congenic strains, one having and another lacking a BP effect. Furthermore, it was not known how adjacent QTLs would interact with one another on Chr 2. In the current investigation, first, a critical chromosome marker was developed to separate 2 C2QTLs. Second, a congenic substrain was created to cover a chromosome fragment thought to harbor C2QTL1. Finally, a series of congenic strains was produced to systematically and comprehensively cover the entire Chr 2 segment containing C2QTL2 and other regions previously untested. Consequently, a total of 3 QTLs were discovered, with C2QTL3 located between C2QTL1 and C2QTL2. C2QTL1, C2QTL2, and C2QTL3 reside in chromosome segments of 5.7 centiMorgan (cM), 3.5 cM, and 1.5 cM, respectively. C2QTL1 interacted epistatically with either C2QTL2 or C2QTL3, whereas C2QTL2 and C2QTL3 showed additive effects to each other. These results suggest that BP QTLs closely linked in a segment interact epistatically and additively to one another on Chr 2. 相似文献