A study of dental caries in school children from rural Haryana

The prevalence of dental caries among rural school children (688 boys and 331 girls) in the age group of 12-16 years in Haryana was found to be 39.4%. It was 37.9% in boys and 42.6% in girls. The difference between males and females was statistically not significant. A significant increase in prevalence of dental caries with age was observed (i.e. 33.1% in 12-year-old children to 45.8% in 14-year-old children). The mean DMFT per child was found to be 1.03 and DMFT per affected child was 2.6. The mean of D, M and F was found to be 1.0, 0.03 and 0.0 respectively.     

Novel Piperine Derivatives with Antidiabetic Effect as PPAR‐γ Agonists

Piperine is an alkaloid responsible for the pungency of black pepper. In this study, piperine isolated from Piper nigrum L. was hydrolyzed under basic condition to obtain piperic acid and was used as precursor to carry out the synthesis of twenty piperine derivatives containing benzothiazole moiety. All the benzothiazole derivatives were evaluated for their antidiabetic potential by OGT test followed by assessment of active derivatives on STZ‐induced diabetic model. It was observed that nine of twenty novel piperine analogues ( 5b, 6a‐h) , showed significantly higher antidiabetic activity in comparison with rosiglitazone (standard). Furthermore, these active derivatives were evaluated for their action as PPAR‐γ agonists demonstrating their mechanism of action. The effects on body weight, lipid peroxidation, and hepatotoxicity after administration with active derivatives were also studied to further establish these derivatives as lead molecules for treatment of diabetes with lesser side‐effects.     

CB8-01: Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and BMI in U.S. Children and Adolescents

Background/Aims To ascertain the prevalence and joint prevalence of elevated BMI and elevated BP in children and adolescents receiving clinical care, using electronic medical record (EMR) data. Methods We studied BP and BMI percentiles (%) of 79,838 U.S. subjects age 3 to 17 years with three or more eligible BP percentile measures from 1/1/2007 to 12/31/2009. We extracted data on age, diastolic and systolic BP, height, and weight from electronic medical records (EMR) and calculated BMI percentiles and BP percentiles using standard methods. Here we report by age group the proportions of subjects with normal BMI and normal BP percentile, elevated BMI >=85th percentile or >=95th percentile, or hypertension (HT) defined as elevated BP >= 95th percentile on 3 or more occasions, or Pre-Hypertension (Pre-HT) defined as BP >= 90th percentile at least once but not meeting definition for HT. Results Data Supplied as a Table, Not Accepted By Abstract Software. Discussion The proportion of children and adolescents with both normal BP and normal BMI was 46.7% and decreased with age, while the proportion with both elevated BP and BMI rose from 7.8% to 20.0% with increasing age. Clinical and public policy initiatives to reduce the very high frequency of these risk factors in U.S. children and adolescents should be carefully considered.     

CB1-01: Prevalence of HT in Children: Comparison Between Task Force Recommendations and Average of Multiple Measurements Over 2 or 4 Years

Background/Aims Identification of persistently elevated blood pressure (BP) in children can be challenging because BP measurements are subject to biological fluctuation and measurement error. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program 4th Working Group (NHBPEP) Guidelines define hypertension (HT) as BP that is =95th percentile for sex, age and height on 3 consecutive clinic measurements on different days. However, HT is a chronic condition, and it is not clear whether a definition incorporating multiple measures over a longer period of time would alter the prevalence compared to the present definition of HT. Methods Subjects included all children and adolescents, 3 to 17 years old, who received care at a Midwestern medical group and had three or more BP percentile measures taken between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2010. All data were collected from an electronic medical record. We compared the prevalence of HT based on BP = 95th percentile on 3 consecutive visits with the prevalence based on the average of multiple BP percentile measurements over the previous 2 or previous 4 years. Results Among the 22,173 children and adolescents in this cohort, HT prevalence differed according to the length of the measurement period and the classification method used. The NHBPEP definition of HT found 1.2% of children were hypertensive using 2 years of BP measurements, and 2.1% of children using 4 years of measurements. Averaging all measurements, 1.3% of children were classified as hypertensive using 2 years of BP measurements and 0.5% using 4 years of measurements. Discussion The 2 methods found similar prevalence of HT over 2 years of observation, but over 4 years, the averaging method resulted in 4 times fewer children with HT. We speculate that the current NHBPEP approach may over-diagnose HT and that longer periods of observation may provide a more valid estimate of BP status.     

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance by non contrast T1-mapping allows assessment of severity of injury in acute myocardial infarction

Background

Current cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) methods, such as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and oedema imaging (T2W) used to depict myocardial ischemia, have limitations. Novel quantitative T1-mapping techniques have the potential to further characterize the components of ischemic injury. In patients with myocardial infarction (MI) we sought to investigate whether state-of the art pre-contrast T1-mapping (1) detects acute myocardial injury, (2) allows for quantification of the severity of damage when compared to standard techniques such as LGE and T2W, and (3) has the ability to predict long term functional recovery.

Methods

3T CMR including T2W, T1-mapping and LGE was performed in 41 patients [of these, 78% were ST elevation MI (STEMI)] with acute MI at 12-48 hour after chest pain onset and at 6 months (6M). Patients with STEMI underwent primary PCI prior to CMR. Assessment of acute regional wall motion abnormalities, acute segmental damaged fraction by T2W and LGE and mean segmental T1 values was performed on matching short axis slices. LGE and improvement in regional wall motion at 6M were also obtained.

Results

We found that the variability of T1 measurements was significantly lower compared to T2W and that, while the diagnostic performance of acute T1-mapping for detecting myocardial injury was at least as good as that of T2W-CMR in STEMI patients, it was superior to T2W imaging in NSTEMI. There was a significant relationship between the segmental damaged fraction assessed by either by LGE or T2W, and mean segmental T1 values (P < 0.01). The index of salvaged myocardium derived by acute T1-mapping and 6M LGE was not different to the one derived from T2W (P = 0.88). Furthermore, the likelihood of improvement of segmental function at 6M decreased progressively as acute T1 values increased (P < 0.0004).

Conclusions

In acute MI, pre-contrast T1-mapping allows assessment of the extent of myocardial damage. T1-mapping might become an important complementary technique to LGE and T2W for identification of reversible myocardial injury and prediction of functional recovery in acute MI.     

Similar relative risks of seizures following measles containing vaccination in children born preterm compared to full-term without previous seizures or seizure-related disorders

Background

Febrile seizures are associated with the first dose of measles-containing vaccines and the risk increases with chronologic age during the second year of life. We used the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) to determine if the relative increase in risk of seizures following receipt of measles-containing vaccine differs by gestational age at birth.