腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术后消化道重建的研究现状及前景

腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术后腹腔内吻合正逐渐成为结直肠手术领域中的热点。研究者发现:腹腔内吻合与腹腔外吻合比较,前者在促进病人术后恢复,降低术后并发症发生率等方面有潜在优势。且腹腔内吻合较腹腔外吻合病人术后胃肠功能恢复更快、术后疼痛评分更低。但对于腹腔内吻合的并发症发生率,尤其是重要指标吻合口漏的比较,尚缺乏足够证据。而手术技术不统一、吻合口漏定义不明确是目前研究的主要困难。多项高质量的前瞻性随机对照试验目前正在进行中,对于腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术的客观评价仍需要更高级别的循证医学证据验证。笔者综合分析国内外研究进展,系统阐述腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术后消化道重建的研究现状及前景,旨在为我国结直肠外科临床研究探索新方向。     

永久性结肠造口患者造口影响状况及其影响因素分析

目的调查永久性结肠造口对患者生活影响的状况并分析其影响因素。方法采用一般资料调查问卷以及造口影响评分对218例永久性结肠造口患者进行问卷调查。结果218例永久性结肠造口患者中54.6%认为永久性结肠造口对其生活的影响大,其中对患者影响最大的是造口异味以及造口袋渗漏。多因素回归分析结果显示年龄(OR=1.137,P<0.001)、每日清理造口次数(OR=1.438,P=0.015)、术后时间(OR=0.789,P<0.001)以及是否与造口护士有规律联系(OR=0.098,P=0.002)为造口影响评分的影响因素。结论永久性结肠造口对患者生活影响较大,医护人员应在临床对老年患者予以更多关注,帮助患者形成规律的排便习惯,加强出院后患者的延续性护理服务并为患者提供专业支持,从而减少造口影响,提高患者的生活质量。     

Association of TERT gene polymorphisms with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia in a Chinese Han population of the Northwest region

BackgroundTo investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs10078761, rs12696304, rs2853669, rs16847897, rs2736100, rs10069690) of telomerase gene (TERT) and the risk clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a Chinese Han population of the Northwest region.MethodsA total of 150 BPH patients and 150 healthy older males from the northwest Chinese Han population were included in this study. The sample size for this unmatched case-control study was estimated by the look-up table method. Meanwhile, the general information and disease data of patients were collected. Age was only collected in healthy control subjects for statistical correction. Genotypes were detected using a multiplex PCR + ligase detection reaction (LDR). Typing results and clinical data were statistically analyzed using multiple linear regression and logistic regression. Pearson correlation was used for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.ResultsThe included population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There was no significant association between SNP and the risk of BPH by correlation analysis. However, 4 haplotypes (TCTGGT, TCTGTC, TGCCTC, and TGTGTC) were identified as risk factors of BPH by haplotype analysis. The SNP rs2853669 is an independent risk factor for smooth muscle type of hyperplasia. Besides, rs2736100, rs10078761, and rs10069690 which are in linkage disequilibrium are associated with the severity of BPH.ConclusionsPolymorphism of the TERT gene determines the different disease development and pathological manifestations of BPH in the Chinese Han population the Northwest region.     

Gender Variance in Children and Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Conditions from Australia

Archives of Sexual Behavior - Gender variance is a broad term used to describe gender non-conforming behaviors. Past studies have used the parental response to Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Item...     

Two immunogenic recombinant protein vaccine candidates showed disparate protective efficacy against Zika virus infection in rhesus macaques

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has caused major public health problems recently. To develop subunit vaccines for ZIKV, we have previously constructed recombinant ZIKV envelope protein domain III (EDIII), and the entire ectodomain (E80, which comprises EDI, EDII and EDIII), as vaccine candidates and showed both of them being immunogenic and protective in murine models. In this follow-up study, we compared these vaccine candidates in non-human primates. Both of them elicited neutralizing antibody responses, but only E80 immunization inhibited ZIKV infection in both peripheral blood and monkey tissues, whereas EDIII increased blood ZIKV RNA through possibly antibody-dependent enhancement. Further investigations revealed that the virion-binding antibody response in E80 immunized monkeys persisted longer and stronger than in EDIII immunized monkeys. These results demonstrate that E80 is superior to EDIII as a vaccine candidate, and that the magnitude, quality and durability of virion-binding neutralizing antibodies are correlates of protection.     

Translation and psychometric validation of the traditional Chinese version of patient-reported outcomes measurement information system Pediatric-25 Profile version 2.0 (PROMIS-25) in Chinese Children with Cancer in Hong Kong

Quality of Life Research - To translate and cross-cultural validate the PROMIS Pediatric-25 Profile 2.0 (PROMIS-25) into traditional Chinese, and to investigate its psychometric properties in...     

Reactivity of human sera in a sensitive, high-throughput pseudovirus-based papillomavirus neutralization assay for HPV16 and HPV18

Sensitive high-throughput neutralization assays, based upon pseudoviruses carrying a secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene, were developed and validated for human papillomavirus (HPV)16, HPV18, and bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV1). SEAP pseudoviruses were produced by transient transfection of codon-modified papillomavirus structural genes into an SV40 T antigen expressing line derived from 293 cells, yielding sufficient pseudovirus from one flask for thousands of titrations. In a 96-well plate format, in this initial characterization, the assay was reproducible and appears to be as sensitive as, but more specific than, a standard papillomavirus-like particle (VLP)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The neutralization assay detected type-specific HPV16 or HPV18 neutralizing antibodies (titers of 160-10240) in sera of the majority of a group of women infected with the corresponding HPV type, but not in virgin women. Sera from HPV16 VLP vaccinees had high anti-HPV16 neutralizing titers (mean: 45000; range: 5120-163840), but no anti-HPV18 neutralizing activity. The SEAP pseudovirus-based neutralization assay should be a practical method for quantifying potentially protective antibody responses in HPV natural history and prophylactic vaccine studies.     

Efficacy of intracytoplasmic sperm injection using intentionally cryopreserved epididymal spermatozoa

Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration was a great advancein the therapy of patients with non-recon-structable, obstructiveazoospermia, most notably congenital bilateral absence of thevas deferens. Using conventional in-vitro fertilization, pregnancieswere rarely achieved because the rate of oocyte fertilizationwas extremely poor. However, the use of retrieved spermatozoain conjunction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)has dramatically increased the likelihood of embryo formation.Typically, sperm and oocyte harvesting are performed simultaneously.We have investigated whether frozen-thawed spermatozoa workas well as fresh spermatozoa. When we had concluded from ourown population of patients (groups I and II) that they did,we adopted a policy of aspirating spermatozoa, primarily cryopreservingthem and using them for ICSI at a later date. We found the fertilizationrates of this latter cohort of patients (group III) to be excellent(37% per oocyte), and the ongoing pregnancy rate is quite satisfactory(40 % per couple, 29% per cycle). We offer this approach asan alternative to the traditional scheme because it markedlyeases the burden of partner scheduling on both the couple andthe clinicians involved. In addition, assurance of the availabilityof male partner spermatozoa can be attained prior to beginningovulation induction.     

Externalization and internalization of cardiac endothelin receptors during different phases of sepsis in rat.

Objective. To study the redistribution ofendothelin- 1 (ET- 1 ) receptors in two subcellular organelles, the sarcolemreal membrane and the light vesicle, of rat heart during the progression of sepsis. Methods. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). ET1 receptor was assayed by using[125I]-ET1 binding. Marker enzyme activities, protein yield, and dry-to-wet weight ratio of cardiac membraneswere measured. Results. Septic rat heart exhibited two distinct phases: an initial hyperdynamic phase( 9h after CLP; early stage of sepsis) followed by a hypodynamic ( 18h after CLP, late stage of sepsis) phase. [125I]-ET1 binding study showed that during early stage of sepsis, the Bmax of ET1 receptors was increased by 30% in sarcolemma but decreased by 19% in light vesicles, while during late stage of sepsis, the Bmax was decreased by 24% in sarcolem-ma but increased by 38% in light vesicles. The total binding of sarcolemma and light vesicles was increased by 25% during early stage of sepsis but decreased by 17% during late stage of sepsis. Conclusions. These data indicated that ET1 receptors in the rat heart were externalized from light vesicles to sarcolemmal membranes during early hyperdynamic phase while internalized from surface membranes to intracellu-lar compartment during late hypodynamic phase of sepsis.