Uptake of enalapril and expression of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1 in zonal, isolated rat hepatocytes.

Sinusoidal entry is the first obligatory process preceding intracellular drug removal in liver. Transport of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (1-750 microM with [(3)H]enalapril), a substrate of Oatp1, the sodium-independent organic anion transporting polypeptide 1 cloned from rat liver, was studied in rat hepatocytes isolated from all zones of the liver (homogeneous) and from enriched periportal (PP) and perivenous (PV) hepatocytes prepared by collagenase perfusion and zone-selective destruction with digitonin, respectively. Uptake was linear over 1 min and was concentration-dependent. Transport by the homogeneous hepatocytes (in the presence and absence of Na(+)) and PP and PV cells was described by single saturable components of similar kinetic constants (K(m) values of 344-461 microM and V(max) values of 9.5-11.6 nmol/min/10(6) cells; P >.05, ANOVA). The K(m) value for enalapril uptake in hepatocytes was of the same order of magnitude compared with that for Oatp1 expressed in HeLa cells transfected with cDNA-Oatp1 and Western blot analysis revealed similar levels of immunoreactive Oatp1 expression in PP and PV hepatocytes. However, enalapril was not taken up by Oatp2 nor by the human OATP expressed in recombinant vaccinia systems.     

Thyroid-Modulating Activities of Olive and Its Polyphenols: A Systematic Review

Olive oil, which is commonly used in the Mediterranean diet, is known for its health benefits related to the reduction of the risks of cancer, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disease. These unique properties are attributed to the phytochemicals with potent antioxidant activities in olive oil. Olive leaf also harbours similar bioactive compounds. Several studies have reported the effects of olive phenolics, olive oil, and leaf extract in the modulation of thyroid activities. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of olive derivatives on thyroid function. A comprehensive search was conducted in October 2020 using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Cellular, animal, and human studies reporting the effects of olive derivatives, including olive phenolics, olive oil, and leaf extracts on thyroid function were considered. The literature search found 445 articles on this topic, but only nine articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All included articles were animal studies involving the administration of olive oil, olive leaf extract, or olive pomace residues orally. These olive derivatives were consistently demonstrated to have thyroid-stimulating activities in euthyroid or hypothyroid animals, but their mechanisms of action are unknown. Despite the positive results, validation of the beneficial health effects of olive derivatives in the human population is lacking. In conclusion, olive derivatives, especially olive oil and leaf extract, could stimulate thyroid function. Olive pomace residue is not suitable for pharmaceutical or health supplementation purposes. Therapeutic applications of olive oil and leaf extract, especially in individuals with hypothyroidism, require further validation through human studies.     

男护生54名妇科实习压力因素调查及应对措施分析

目的：分析男护生在妇科实习压力的影响因素，并探讨其应对措施。方法：对在妇科实习的护理本科男生54名采取描述性相关性研究，在妇科实习1个月，以2周为1个周期，对男生进行问卷调查及阶段考核，结束前进行理论、护基操作和专科操作考核。结果：54位男生出科成绩平均分90．52分，成绩优秀。结论：男生在妇科的实习效果与心理、行为、社会等各个方面的因素有关，在临床带教过程中，关爱男生，及时发现并纠正问题，充分发挥男生的优势，帮助他们顺利通过实习，更好地融入以后的临床工作并帮助他们提高自己的认同感和被社会所接受。     

不同葡萄糖培养条件对L6骨骼肌细胞中活性氧的生成作用

背景:活性氧在不同葡萄糖培养条件下的生成状况是研究2型糖尿病发病机制的基础.目的:观察不同浓度葡萄糖培养条件下,细胞内活性氧的生成情况.方法:取体外培养的L6骨骼肌细胞和诱导分化的肌管细胞,分别用含有3,5.5,25 mmol/L葡萄糖的DMEM培养液培养,检测细胞内活性氧的生成情况.结果与结论:随着高糖培养时间的延长,细胞内活性氧生成有增加的趋势,其中25 mmol/L葡萄糖培养细胞4 d的活性氧生成明显高于5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖培养细胞的水平;3,5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖培养对细胞内活性氧生成无显著影响.诱导肌管细胞较成肌细胞在高糖培养条件下更易产生活性氧.说明体外培养细胞葡萄糖浓度、培养时间和培养细胞分化程度是影响细胞内活性氧生成的因素,可用于模拟体内高糖损伤的积累效应.     

Cost-Benefit Estimates of an Elderly Exercise Program on Kaua‘i

The elderly consume a disproportionate amount of health care resources, and the recent trend in obesity will only escalate costs. EnhanceFitness® (EF) is an exercise program designed to increase the strength, flexibility, and balance of older adults. A comprehensive controlled study in Washington state of an elderly population has shown that participants who attend at least one EF class per week reduce healthcare costs by 20% per year. The present study reports the costs and potential benefits of replicating EF on Kaua‘i. For Kaua‘i the annual cost of an EF pilot program for 132 clients would be $204,735. Attendance records of the Kaua‘i program showed that 96 (73%) of those enrolled attended at least weekly. Based on national reports of healthcare costs for the elderly, averting 20% of the costs for these 96 elderly would save $344,256 per year. The expected investment to return ratio, I-R ratio, for EF on Kaua‘i is about 1–1.8. On economic grounds, a case can be made to support and expand these types of programs. In these times of budget cuts, cost-benefit analysis provides a common economic “language” to prioritize among different programs.     

Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) syndrome: Report of a Chinese family with mitochondrial DNA point mutation in tRNALys gene

We report myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) syndrome in a Chinese family with confirmed mitochondrial DNA point mutation. Six members of the family including the grandmother, two siblings, and three grandchildren were affected. Among them, action myoclonus was seen in five; short stature, muscle weakness, and mental retardation in four; lactic acidosis, hearing impairment, and ataxia in two; and seizures in one. Muscle biopsy from two affected siblings revealed ragged-red fibers and abundant subsarcolemmal mitochondria with paracrystalline inclusions. Pedigree analysis suggests a maternal transmission. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed a point mutation from A to G at the 8344th nucleotide position located in the tRNA_Lys gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of MERRF syndrome with such genetic defect from a Chinese family. The present and previous reports support the notion that mitochondrial DNA point mutation at the 8344th nucleotide position is the most common cause of MERRF syndrome. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

我国成人心的体表投影观测研究

对３０具（男１８，女１２）已灌注防腐的正常成人尸体心的４个体表投影点进行解剖和用直脚规进行测量，统计出其平均数。认为我国教科书上的有关数字因系引用外国的而偏大。