Interaction and Relationship Between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene and Environmental Factors Predisposing to Essential Hypertension in Mongolian Population of China

Objective To investigate the association of specific functional gene ACE (I/D) variants of the renin-angiotensin system with essential hypertension (EH) and interaction between ACE (I/D) gene and risk factors for EH in a genetically homogenous Mongolia rural population of China. Methods Individuals (n=1099) were recruited from general population of Kezuohouqi Banner in Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. Results The association was found between ACE genotype DD plus ID and EH, with an interaction between ACE genotype DD plus ID and cigarette smoking in an additive model. Cigarette smoking index and ACE gene showed a low exposure-gene (LEG) effect on EH, with interaction indices from 7.10 to 1.16. Interaction between ACE genotype DD plus ID and alcohol drinking on EH appeared an additive model. Alcohol drinking index and ACE gene showed a low exposure-gene (LEG) effect on EH, with interaction indices from 1.66 to 1.09. BMI and ACE gene showed a low exposure-gene (LEG) effect on EH, with interaction indices from 6.15 to 2.49.Interactions between ACE genotype and WHR on EH showed a multiplicative model. In a short, there was an interaction between ACE gene and cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and BMI on EH,especially in a low dose-exposure effect.Cpmchusion It is important for individuals who carry ACE D allele gene to prevent FH, and furthermore, to prevent and control coronary heart disease, in a view of population-based prevention.     

抚顺出入境体检人员梅毒感染检出情况分析

目的通过对出入境体检人员梅毒感染情况进行检测分析,掌握本地区发病情况和流行特点,做好疾病的预防控制工作.方法实验室检测采用甲苯胺红不加热血清实验(TRUST)筛查,阳性者均进行复检,测定血清滴度,并用TPHA方法确证.检出者均进行临床体征检查和流行病学调查.结果从7 376名被检人员中检出梅毒感染者28例,检出率为0.38%.男性为0.185%,女性为0.653%,男女性别的检出率差异非常显著(X2=10,16 P＜0.001).30岁年龄组梅毒感染者检出率最高为0.743%,50岁年龄组为0.463%,20岁年龄组为0.348%,40岁年龄组为0.151%.出国群体中以旅游检出率最高为0.98%,公务商务为0.50%,劳务为0.29%.梅毒感染者中初中以下文化者占总检出率的82.14%,高中以上者为17.86%.大部分感染者为隐性梅毒感染(89.29%),无临床体征者为64.39%.同期检出入境外籍人员梅毒感染者3人,检出率7.5%(3/40),明显高于国内出境人群.结论加强卫生防病和性病防治知识的宣传教育,提高大众文化素质和法律道德水平.加强对出国群体中30岁年龄组特别是女性组的监测.     

对乙酰氨基酚对发热大鼠下丘脑中前列腺素E2受体的影响

目的 观察对乙酰氨基酚对发热大鼠下丘脑中前列腺素E2受体EP1、EP4 mRNA表达的影响，进一步探讨对乙酰氨基酚的新作用靶点和解热机制。方法健康成年雄性SD大鼠24只，随机分为3组：①正常组；②发热组；③对乙酰氨基酚组．8只，组。发热组与对乙酰氨基酚组大鼠皮下注射20％酵母混悬液（10ml／kg）造发热模型；造模1h后，对乙酰氨基酚组按0．6g/kg灌肠给药，发热组则灌肠给予等量生理盐水；给药后4h取大鼠下丘脑组织备用。用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测各组大鼠下丘脑中EP1、EP4受体mRNA表达的相对差异。结果：与发热组比，对乙酰氨基酚组的EP1、EP4受体mRNA相对表达量减少（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论 对乙酰氨基酚能抑制发热组大鼠下丘脑中前列腺素E受体EP1、EP4 mRNA的表达。     

丝裂霉素C预防浅表性膀胱癌等离子电切术后复发

目的探讨丝裂霉素C（MMC）预防浅表性膀胱癌等离子电切术（PKRBT）后复发的有效性。方法73例浅袁性膀胱癌病人行PKBRT后即MMC 40mg膀胱内灌注，常规MMC膀胱灌注12月。结果术后6月复发3例（4．1％），12月复发11例（15．1％），20月复发15例（20．5％）。结论MMC膀胱内灌注在PKRBT术后预防复发疗效良好。     

The roles of transporters and enzymes in hepatic drug processing.

A simple, physiological model was used to illustrate the competing nature of transporters and metabolic enzymes in hepatic drug processing. Enalapril, a drug whose basolateral influx and canalicular efflux are mediated by rat organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1 (Oatp1) and rat multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), respectively, and metabolism by the carboxylesterases, was enlisted as the example to illustrate how the transport and intrinsic clearances are inter-related in the estimation of the hepatic and metabolic, and excretion clearances. Moreover, simulations were performed to explore the effects of inhibitors or inducers of transporters/enzymes to unravel the compensatory changes of alternate pathways. Generally speaking, inhibition of one pathway led to an apparent increase in the alternate (competing) pathway and total hepatic clearance was decreased; induction would lead to an apparent decrease in the alternate pathway and an increase in total hepatic clearance. A reduction in influx clearance brought about parallel decreases in the biliary and metabolic clearances, whereas a reduction in efflux basolateral clearance evoked similar increases in biliary and metabolic clearances. However, the steady-state tissue concentration (C(L,ss)) or area under the tissue concentration-time curve (AUC(L)) was reliant only on the unbound fraction in liver, and the secretory and metabolic intrinsic clearances and not the influx and efflux clearances. Variations in the influx and efflux intrinsic clearances evoked temporal changes in the tissue concentration-time profile but not the AUC(L) or C(L,ss). The pharmacokinetic theory developed offers data interpretation from literature reports on P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 substrates with mdr1a/1b knockout versus wild-type mice, and rat liver perfusion studies, with and without the use of inhibitors. In some cases, critiques on data interpretation were made.     

要重视颈源性脑中风的防治

近年来，心脑血管专家提出，治疗与预防心脑血管病不仅要改善血液的粘稠凝聚，更重要改善血管自身的内在功能紊乱。因此，心脑血管病变的发生，除血液病变之外更重要的血管自身的病变。所以，对动脉管的研究，应该说是开创了防治心脑血管病的一个新的思路。     

Preliminary results of a randomized study on therapeutic gain by concurrent chemotherapy for regionally-advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: NPC-9901 Trial by the Hong Kong Nasopharyngeal Cancer Study Group.

PURPOSE: This randomized study compared the results achieved by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) versus radiotherapy (RT) alone for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with advanced nodal disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with nonkeratinizing/undifferentiated NPC staged T1-4N2-3M0 were randomized to CRT or RT. Both arms were treated with the same RT technique and dose fractionation. The CRT patients were given cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 22, and 43, followed by cisplatin 80 mg/m2 and fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m2/d for 96 hours starting on days 71, 99, and 127. RESULTS: From 1999 to January 2004, 348 eligible patients were randomly assigned; the median follow-up was 2.3 years. The two arms were well-balanced in all prognostic factors and RT parameters. The CRT arm achieved significantly higher failure-free survival (72% v 62% at 3-year, P = .027), mostly as a result of an improvement in locoregional control (92% v 82%, P = .005). However, distant control did not improve significantly (76% v 73%, P = .47), and the overall survival rates were almost identical (78% v 78%, P = .97). In addition, the CRT arm had significantly more acute toxicities (84% v 53%, P < .001) and late toxicities (28% v 13% at 3-year, P = .024). CONCLUSION: Preliminary results confirmed that CRT could significantly improve tumor control, particularly at locoregional sites. However, there was significant increase in the risk of toxicities and no early gain in overall survival. Longer follow-up is needed to confirm the ultimate therapeutic ratio.     

高效液相色谱法测定盆炎灵口服液中芍药苷的含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定盆炎灵口服液中芍药苷的含量.方法:用ZORBAX ODS-C18柱,以乙腈-水-异丙醇(13:86:1)为流动相;检测波长:230 nm.结果:芍药苷在1.6～8.0μg内呈良好线性关系,r=0.999 6,平均加样回收率为98.90%,RSD=1.40%(n=5).结论:方法简便,快速,可用于盆炎灵口服液的质量控制.     

肝硬化并发重度食管静脉曲张的临床预测与评估

目的 回顾性研究肝硬化重度食管静脉曲张的临床预测方法与评估。方法 收集2002年1月～2004年12月收住我院的肝硬化31例，重度食管静脉曲张者20例（64．5％），无静脉曲张者11例（35．5％），入院时行胃镜直视和腹部超声检查，并除外已行内镜下曲张静脉硬化剂或皮圈结扎治疗者。记录外周血小板计数、B超下脾脏长径及门静脉宽度、胆红素、白蛋白和凝血酶原时间等各项检查结果，并按Child-Pugh分级法对患者进行评分，相关数据进行统计分析。结果 外周血血小板数值和脾脏长径与食管重度静脉曲张之间有显著相关性（P分别为0．042和0．024），血清总胆红素值、白蛋白、凝血酶原时问、Child-Pugh值及超声下门脉宽度与食管静脉曲张程度之间则无显著相关性（P值分别为0．141、0．952、0．095、0．088和0．124）；与无静脉曲张患者相比较，血小板计数〈60000个／mm^3判断食管重度静脉曲张的敏感性和特异性分别为60％和为80％，脾脏长径〉150mm判断重度静脉曲张的敏感性和特异性分别为65％和92．9％。结论 血小板计数和脾脏长径作为非侵入性方法可用于预测肝硬化患者有无重度食管静脉曲张。