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991.
Markoe AM; Brady LW Jr; Shields JA; Augsburger JJ; Micaily B; Damsker JI; Day JL; Gamel JW 《Radiology》1985,156(3):801-803
Survival rates and visual acuity of 100 patients treated for posterior uveal malignant melanoma by cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy were compared with 150 patients treated by enucleation for the same disease. Life-table comparisons of the entire group showed significant differences in survival rates, with plaque radiotherapy patients appearing to fare better. However, when patients with small or medium tumors were compared, only slight differences were seen, implying that criteria used to select patients for treatment may affect interpretation. The two groups were also compared using the Cox proportional hazards model, which predicts survival based on the impact of clinical variables. In this analysis, the survival rates of the plaque radiotherapy group were no worse than those of the enucleation group. The advantage of conservative therapy lies in the potential to preserve useful vision over a considerable time. Because patients were specifically selected for treatment modality and because the study size used to calibrate the Cox model was small, the results of this study must be interpreted with caution. 相似文献
992.
Imaging studies are performed on patients with arthritis for a variety of reasons: to determine whether an arthritic condition is present; to establish the specific diagnosis; to determine the extent of disease; to assess the activity of disease; to detect complications of disease; to evaluate progression of disease; to judge the efficacy of drug treatment; to help in selection of surgical candidates; to aid in the choice of surgical procedures; to size, design, or fabricate prostheses; and to identify complications of surgery. Conventional radiography is still the mainstay of all examinations in arthritic patients. Arthrography is best applied to evaluate complications of disease and of surgery, although it may be useful in disease detection and in determining the specific diagnosis. Nuclear medicine studies are best used to identify complications of surgery and may also be useful to assess disease activity or extent. Ultrasound is useful to detect dissecting synovial cysts and deep venous thrombosis. The most valuable role of computed tomography is in the design and fabrication of prostheses and in evaluating complex anatomy of involved joints. Magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in early detection of articular cartilage damage and may assist in determination of the specific diagnosis; enhancement with contrast material may aid in assessment of disease activity. 相似文献
993.
van Leeuwen A; Schrier PI; Giphart MJ; Noordermeer IA; Ruiter DJ; Rubinstein P; van Rood JJ 《Blood》1986,67(4):1139-1142
TCA (T Cell system A) is a di-allelic system of HLA-like antigens encoded by genes located about 15 cM telomeric to HLA-A. In normal individuals, TCA antigens are only expressed on a subpopulation of T cells, the TG lymphocytes. We now report on the expression of TCA on leukemias and other malignancies. An increased proportion of cells carrying the TCA phenotype was encountered in testing peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with acute lymphoblastic T-cell leukemia (T- ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In contrast, patients with B-cell malignancies such as chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) or non-T/non-B common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (common ALL) had normal proportions of TCA-positive lymphocytes. Quantitatively different levels of TCA expression are found on some melanoma cell lines and others are TCA negative. These variations are independent of the expression of HLA Class I antigens by the same cells. The expression of TCA antigens by malignant nonlymphoid cells suggests that this system may code for differentiation markers, important in the biology of neoplastic transformation. 相似文献
994.
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) is a lethal disease caused by a defect in the gene encoding the common gamma chain (gamma- c) of the receptor for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL- 15. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, the current therapy of choice for this defect, is often complicated by graft-versus-host disease and/or incomplete reconstitution of B-lymphocyte functions. Correction of the gene defect at the level of the autologous lymphohematopoietic progenitors could therefore represent an improvement in the medical management of these patients. To study the feasibility of a gene therapy approach for XSCID, a retroviral vector expressing gamma-c was used to transduce Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines derived from patients with XSCID. After transduction, XSCID cells newly expressed gamma-c on the cell surface at levels comparable to those observed on B-cell lines obtained from normal donors. Moreover, the reconstituted gamma-c restored function to the IL- 2 and IL-4 receptors as shown by signal transduction mediated by phosphorylation of the JAK1 and JAK3 members of the Janus family of tyrosine kinases and by restoration of cellular proliferation in response to IL-2. 相似文献
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997.
MR imaging of physeal bars 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
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1000.
A comparison of a Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) against two established satisfaction scales as an outcome measure of primary care consultations 总被引:17,自引:8,他引:9
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare a new primary care outcome measure-the
Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI)-against two established satisfaction
measures [the Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (MISS) and the
Consultation Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ)]. Specifically, we sought (i)
to test whether enablement and satisfaction are related or separate
concepts; and (ii) to assess whether the internal consistency of the PEI
might be enhanced by the inclusion of items from the satisfaction
instruments. METHODS: Questionnaire forms containing the three instruments
in a variety of combinations were distributed to a total of 818 patients
attending for routine surgery consultations in three urban general
practices of varying socio-economic mix. The main outcome measures were:
scores on the PEI; scores on the CSQ, the MISS and their individual
components; rank correlations between scores on the PEI and scores on the
CSQ, the MISS and their component subscales; and Cronbach's alpha
coefficient for the PEI. RESULTS: Overall mean scores, expressed as
percentages of maximum scores attainable, were 44.1% for the PEI, 76.9% for
the CSQ and 77.6% for the MISS. Rank correlations between PEI scores and
scores for the complete CSQ and MISS instruments were 0.48 (P < 0.01)
and 0.47 (P < 0.01), respectively. Correlations of PEI scores with
individual component scores on the CSQ were generally lower and ranged from
0.14 to 0.53; correlations of PEI scored with MISS component scores were
also generally lower and ranged from 0.21 to 0.53. Internal consistency of
the PEI items (assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient) was lowered when
items from the CSQ or MISS were added. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that
'enablement' is a primary care outcome measure which is related to but is
different from general satisfaction.
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