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991.
Cazzola M Calzetta L Rogliani P Lauro D Novelli L Page CP Kanabar V Matera MG 《American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology》2012,47(4):509-516
Glucose moves into airway secretions after a glucose load. Therefore people with diabetes or hyperglycemia spend a significant proportion of each day with glucose in their airways secretions. This study investigated the effects of glucose on isolated human airways and on cultured airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Human isolated bronchi were stimulated with acetylcholine, histamine, and transmural stimulation and treated with the selective ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and SB772077B under high-glucose conditions. The effect of high glucose concentrations on intracellular calcium flux and the phosphorylation of MYPT1 in ASM cells was also investigated. High (44 mM for 6 h) glucose, but not mannitol, concentrations led to an enhanced responsiveness of ASM to contractile agents. Y27632 and SB772077B completely abolished (P < 0.05) the enhanced contractile effects with a high-concentration glucose solution, compared with control tissues. In cultured ASM cells, incubation with high glucose concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced bradykinin-induced intracellular calcium flux and the levels of pMYPT1, which were inhibited by Y27632 (P < 0.05). Our study has demonstrated that high glucose concentrations leads to hyperresponsiveness of human isolated bronchi and enhances intracellular calcium release in cultured ASM cells via a Rho/ROCK- and pMYPT1-dependent pathway, suggesting that this crucial pathway may contribute to the reduced lung function observed in patients with diabetes. These data propose novel targets for the treatment of patients with respiratory diseases that also suffer from diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
992.
993.
Ehsan Samei Nariman Majdi-Nasab James T. Dobbins III H. Page McAdams 《Journal of digital imaging》2012,25(1):137-147
The objective of this study was to implement and evaluate the performance of a biplane correlation imaging (BCI) technique
aimed to reduce the effect of anatomic noise and improve the detection of lung nodules in chest radiographs. Seventy-one low-dose
posterior–anterior images were acquired from an anthropomorphic chest phantom with 0.28° angular separations over a range
of ±10° along the vertical axis within an 11 s interval. Similar data were acquired from 19 human subjects with institutional
review board approval and informed consent. The data were incorporated into a computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithm in
which suspect lesions were identified by examining the geometrical correlation of the detected signals that remained relatively
constant against variable anatomic backgrounds. The data were analyzed to determine the effect of angular separation, and
the overall sensitivity and false-positives for lung nodule detection. The best performance was achieved for angular separations
of the projection pairs greater than 5°. Within that range, the technique provided an order of magnitude decrease in the number
of false-positive reports when compared with CAD analysis of single-view images. Overall, the technique yielded ~1.1 false-positive
per patient with an average sensitivity of 75%. The results indicated that the incorporation of angular information can offer
a reduction in the number of false-positives without a notable reduction in sensitivity. The findings suggest that the BCI
technique has the potential for clinical implementation as a cost-effective technique to improve the detection of subtle lung
nodules with lowered rate of false-positives. 相似文献
994.
Cyrille Capel Johann Peltier Pascal Foulon Cyril Page Eric Havet Daniel Le Gars 《Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA》2012,34(10):969-972
Neurosurgeons use ventricular veins during an endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy as landmark to progress in ventricles. In the current literature, there is lack of detailed intraventricular venous anatomy. Majority of those papers treats Monro’s foramen venous variations. There are no data of third ventricle venous anatomy and variations in the literature. We reported two cases of unusual interthalamic vein that we need to spare during endoscopy. 相似文献
995.
Public responses to large-scale radiological incidents are often thought to be disproportionate to the objective risk and can involve widespread societal disruption. Recent experiences of the (200)Po incident in central London suggest that public responses depend heavily on the nature of the incident and the effectiveness of risk communication efforts. This paper describes the outcome of several studies done in the aftermath of the (200)Po incident that suggest the reaction of the public on this occasion was muted, even for those directly affected. However, the desire for accurate, up-to-date and individually-tailored information was strong, and satisfaction with the efforts of the responding agencies was mediated by this information provision. A small minority of individuals was difficult to reassure effectively. This group may confer a particular drain on resources. Lessons for the risk communication efforts of public health responders are identified, in particular the importance of helping individuals to identify their risk of exposure, understand the difference between acute and chronic effects of exposure, and appreciate the meaning of any test results. Attempts at providing reassurance in the absence of specific information are likely to be counterproductive in any future radiological incident. 相似文献
996.
Despite the targeting of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, disease burden has not been completely eliminated. Thiamine is an essential cofactor in carbohydrate metabolism and individuals with diabetes are thiamine deficient. The pathophysiology of recognised complications of thiamine deficiency is similar to that underlying atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome, namely oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This review examines the mechanisms by which thiamine deficiency occurs in individuals with diabetes, how this deficiency leads to hyperglycaemic-induced damage, and the effect of thiamine replacement on vascular disease, endothelial function and oxidative stress. Thiamine administration can prevent the formation of harmful by-products of glucose metabolism, reduce oxidative stress and improve endothelial function. The potential benefit of long-term replacement in those with diabetes is not yet known but may reduce cardiovascular risk and angiopathic complications. 相似文献
997.
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death for women. In an effort to reduce cardiovascular burden for women, identifying risk factors and increasing awareness of sex differences are fundamental. This systematic review examines cardiovascular disease risk for women. A search of the literature was undertaken using key health databases. Search terms used were cardiovascular disease AND women OR gender. Additional references were manually identified from this literature; 58 articles were reviewed in total. On average, cardiovascular disease presents 10 years later in women compared to men. By this time, they are more likely to suffer from more comorbidities, placing them at higher risk. The complexity of cardiovascular disease identification in women is accentuated through atypical symptoms, and has the potential to lead to delayed and/or misdiagnosis. It is clear through identifying sex differentiation in cardiovascular risk factors that there has been an increased awareness of symptom presentation for women. In light of the sex differences in risk factors, sex‐specific aspects should be more intensively considered in research/practice to improve clinical outcomes for female cardiovascular disease patients. 相似文献
998.
999.
目的:分析载脂蛋白B(apoB)基因EcoRI、XbaI、MspI位点和载脂蛋白AI(apoAI)基因-75bp、+83bp位点多态性与哈萨克族人冠心病的关系.方法:采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析法检测185例哈萨克族冠心病患者和216例哈萨克族非冠心病对照者的这些位点多态性.结果:①TC、TG及apoA... 相似文献
1000.
F. Molina Rueda F.M. Rivas MonteroM. Pérez de Heredia Torres I.M. Alguacil DiegoA. Molero Sánchez J.C. Miangolarra Page 《Neurología (Barcelona, Spain)》2012