管状膨体聚四氟乙烯用于组织工程支架材料的动物实验研究

目的：研究膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)植入动物体内后与机体的关系。方法：管状膨体聚四氟乙烯两端闭合，内充DMEM培养液，埋入家兔皮下，观察宿主生命情况，于术后1、2、4、6周取出标本，行大体及光镜下观察。结果：家兔在植入膨体聚四氟乙烯材料及DMEM培养液后存活情况良好，DMEM培养液在1周时即已完全无色透明；4周时膨体聚四氟乙烯与周围组织有粘连，6周时粘连紧密；光镜下观察，各时间点材料间隙均可见着色，1周时可见少量淋巴细胞浸润，无血管及组织细胞。材料内壁未见细胞附着。结论：植入膨体聚四氟乙烯材料及少量DMEM培养液对宿主动物存活无影响；管内外液体可相互交通，管状膨体聚四氟乙烯可作为组织工程化尿道的支架材料。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石的有效性和安全性.方法上尿路结石患者368例,平均年龄57岁.其中输尿管上段结石116例,结石大小(2.1±0.8)cm;肾结石252例,结石大小(4.6±1.4)cm,其中非鹿角形结石190例,结石大小(3.2±1.1)cm,鹿角形结石62例,结石大小(7.6±1.6)cm.均采用微创经皮肾穿刺,输尿管镜下气压弹道或联合钬激光碎石治疗,对结石清除率和并发症等进行统计分析.结果 368例患者中单通道取石356例(96.7%),双通道12例(3.3%).一期取石344例(93.5%),二期取石24例(6.5%).总结石取净率为88.6%(326/368).平均手术时间73 min.一期取净结石者住院时间4～8 d,平均6 d.术后发热14例(3.8%);输血5例(1.4%);2例肾结石术后出血严重者经输血及超选择性肾动脉栓塞后治愈.结论 微创经皮肾镜取石术损伤小、住院时间短、术中出血及并发症少、结石清除率高、可重复取石,是治疗上尿路结石有效的微创手段.     

急性实验性脑出血大鼠缺血皮质区炎性因子的表达

目的　研究急性脑出血大鼠血肿周围与对侧缺血皮质细胞凋亡以及 HSP70与 NF-κB表达。方法　将大鼠随机分为正常组与模型组。用 型胶原酶立体定位法复制出血性卒中动物模型 ,术后 1、3、7d分别进行 HE染色、TUNEL染色、HSP70与 NF-к B免疫组化反应。结果　脑出血后 1 d于血肿周围缺血半暗区可见大量坏死细胞 ,HSP70与 NF-к B表达增强 ,出血对侧皮质细胞以凋亡改变为主 ,均于 3 d达高峰 ,7d仍有升高。结论　急性脑出血大鼠的缺血性损害于双侧均可见到 ,以血肿侧严重 ,损伤于 3 d达高峰 ,7d持续存在 ,脑出血后的继发性损害持续存在。     

神经导航下经岩骨幕上下联合入路中面神经管的解剖研究

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of neuronavigation in the transpetroal approach, and to provide anatomic data for the protection of the nerves in the facial nerve canal (FNC) during surgeries. METHODS: Simulated surgery through the transpetroal approach was performed on 16 sides of 8 adult cadaver heads with the assistance by neuronavigation. The anatomy of the facial nerve and the relationship of related structures were observed and the distances from the utmost external edge of the mastoid to different segments of the FNC were measured. RESULTS: Neuronavigation was successful with all the FNC, with the mean error of less than 0.9 mm. The FNC could be divided into 3 segments, the labyrinthine, the tympanic and the mastoid segments, stretching 3.6+/-1.2 mm, 11.2+/-2.5 mm and 16.1+/-3.6 mm respectively and with diameters of 1.2+/-0.3 mm, 1.4+/-0.1 mm and 1.7+/-0.2 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: Neuronavigation may help protect the FNC during surgical procedures, and a thorough knowledge of the anatomic features of the FNC can be significant for preservation of the facial nerves.     

D2-43病毒E蛋白在酵母细胞表面的展示

目的：在酵母细胞表面展示登革2型病毒43株(D2—43)的E基因，探索利用酵母表面展示系统建立DNA改组筛选平台的可行性。方法：通过RT-PCR扩增获得D2-43的E基因，将该基因亚克隆至T载体后，再克隆至酵母表面展示载体pYDI，于酿酒酵母EBY100中利用半乳糖进行诱导表达。表达产物采用间接免疫荧光法和FACS进行检测。结果：酵母表面展示产物可与D2-43的腹水抗体特异性地结合；在半乳糖诱导后24h，展示E蛋白的酵母细胞百分数达22．07％。结论：本研究为建立基于酵母表面展示系统的DNA改组筛选平台奠定了基础。     

The upregulation of glial glutamate transporter-1 participates in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance in rats.

Glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) plays an essential role in removing glutamate from the extracellular space and maintaining the glutamate below neurotoxic level in the brain. To explore whether GLT-1 plays a role in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), the present study was undertaken to observe in vivo changes in the expression of GLT-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the CA1 hippocampus during the induction of BIT, and the effect of dihydrokainate (DHK), an inhibitor of GLT-1, on the acquisition of BIT in rats. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP showed that the processes of astrocytes were prolonged after a CIP 2 days before the lethal ischemic insult, which could protect pyramidal neurons in the CA1 hippocampus against delayed neuronal death induced normally by lethal ischemic insult. The prolonged processes extended into the area between the pyramidal neurons and tightly surrounded them. These changes made the pyramidal layer look like a 'shape grid'. Simultaneously, the prolonged and extended processes showed a great deal of GLT-1. Western blotting analysis showed significant upregulation of GLT-1 expression after the CIP, especially when it was administered 2 days before the subsequent lethal ischemic insult. Neuropathological evaluation by thionin staining showed that DHK dose-dependently blocked the protective role of CIP against delayed neuronal death induced normally by lethal brain ischemia. It might be concluded that the surrounding of pyramidal neurons by astrocytes and upregulation of GLT-1 induced by CIP played an important role in the acquisition of the BIT induced by CIP.     

矢状缝早闭(舟状头)全颅成形术

目的探讨治疗矢状缝早闭(舟状头)畸形的手术方法。方法采用David“‖”形颅缝重建法(6例)、旋转骨瓣截骨法(2例)、梅花颅骨瓣头颅盖成型法(3例)等术式对舟状头进行矫治。结果11例患儿均治愈,外形满意。结论1~3个月舟状头宜采用简单的David“‖”形颅缝重建法进行治疗,3个月以上的患儿可选用浮动颅骨瓣头颅成型术、梅花瓣法颅骨瓣头颅盖成型术等方法进行治疗。     

血红素氧合酶-1与脑出血的继发性损害

自发性脑出血是指非外伤性脑实质出血,发病率高,死亡率高[1],且脑出血后患者多遗留不同程度的神经功能障碍。因此,探讨脑出血后脑组织损伤的病理生理机制对于改善脑出血病情及预后是十分必要的。大量研究表明自发性脑出血后造成的脑损伤存在多种机制[2]:早期血肿机械占位效应、     

唇裂术止血减张固定器的研制和实验与临床研究

目的：为了减少唇裂修复术中出血，便于手术操作，缩短手术时间，相对地减少手术的危险性。方法：利用压迫止血及滑杆的原理，自行设计制作了唇裂术止血减张固定器，经过动物实验证实，在2h以内不会对组织有任何不可逆损伤，并成功地应用于唇裂修复术中。结果：临床应用68例，与传统止血方法比较，术中出血明显减少，便于手术操作，而且安全可靠，在2h以内不会对上唇组织有任何不可逆损伤，手术的危险性相对地减少。结论：应用唇裂术止血减张固定器进行唇裂修复术，术中出血明显减少．手术时间明显缩短，手术的危险性相对地减少，对减轻术后切口瘢痕有利，值得临床推广应用。     

计算法测定肾小球滤过率的临床应用价值

目的 :探讨采用 WCP公式计算方法测定肾小球滤过率 (GFR)的临床应用价值。方法 :采用 99m Tc DTPA清除率测定 6 6例不同疾病住院患者 GFR(Tc GFR) ,并测血清肌酐 (SCr)及尿素氮 (BU N) ,同时以 WCP公式、Robert公式计算 GFR(WCP GFR,Robert GFR) ,以 Cockcroft/ Gault公式计算内生肌酐清除率 (CG CCr) ,所得数据进行对比研究及相关性分析。结果 :除肾功能正常者 CG CCr与 BU N无显著相关外 ,肾功能不全及肾功能正常者的 WCP GFR、Robert GFR、CG CCr均分别与 Tc GFR呈显著正相关(P均 <0 .0 1) ,与 BU N、SCr呈显著负相关 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5 ) ;与 Robert GFR、CG CCr比较 ,WCPGFR始终与 Tc GFR最接近 (P均 >0 .0 5 ) ;WCP GFR、Robert GFR、CG CCr与 Tc GFR的平均差绝对值逐渐增大 ,三者间差异显著 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。结论 :WCP GFR、Robert GFR、CG CCr均能在一定程度上准确反映 GFR,而以 WCP GFR更准确 ,且简便、快速、安全而廉价 ,可代替 Tc GFR应用于临床