Sexuell ��bertragene Erkrankungen

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are all infectious diseases which can be transmitted by sexual contact. They can be subdivided empirically into the following categories: classical STDs, other STDs and sexually transmitted infections with diseases of other organs. Although the classical genital diseases play an important but nowadays subordinate role in Europe generally due to the low incidence, the significance of genital herpes, Chlamydia and infections with human papillomavirus is increasing. With respect to prevention by the use of condoms, the sex education of children and adolescents is a decisive factor.     

Glenoidersatz bei Omarthrose

In anatomical shoulder arthroplasty glenoid replacement is a critical point. Although total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) provides better functional and pain results than hemi shoulder arthroplasty (HSA) there is great reluctance to implant a glenoid. For successful glenoid replacement it is necessary to preoperatively evaluate clear indications for glenoid replacement. Planning is a crucial point and has to be done thoroughly. The gold standard is an all polyethylene cemented glenoid. The implantation technique is most important to obtain an excellent and long-term result without complications. Significant key factors are preservation of the subchondral bone and an anatomical reconstruction of the glenoid. It seems that after a period of 10 years the loosening rate of glenoids increases and revisions rates rise. Therefore there is a high demand to develop new implants and a need for improved and convertible glenoids with better modularity and alternative options for fixation.     

Mikrobiologie und Diagnostik nichttuberkul?ser Mykobakterien

In recent years, several new techniques for the diagnostic workup of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been introduced into laboratories. The use of nucleic acid amplification techniques for species identification has replaced the conventional biochemical methods. The detection of NTM directly from specimens is difficult because of the low bacterial load in the specimens and no standardized method is available yet. Thus, despite the recent improvements the microscopic and the cultural investigation of the specimens is still the reference standard in the diagnosis of NTM.