幽门螺杆菌疫苗免疫机制的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)是定植于人体胃粘膜的重要致病菌,而粘膜疫苗以其有效的保护性免疫成为防治H.pyiori的热点,但对相应的免疫机制的认识目前尚不明确.故本文对H.pyiori疫苗的保护性免疫机制中的抗原递呈机制,抗体的作用以及TH细胞反应的作用等研究进展做一概要介绍.     

不同导联系统记录体表心室碎裂电位效果对比研究

本文分别应用标准１２导联系统，Ｆｒａｎｋ正交导联系统和改良Ｆｒａｎｋ正交导联系统记录健康人３６例、陈旧性心肌梗塞４２例的心室碎裂电位，通过分析这些导联系统中相互垂直或近似垂直的导联上ＶＦＰ的形态，数量关系，发现改良Ｆｒａｎｋ正导联系统记录ＶＦＰ较其它导联系统更科学，合理，且操作方便。     

应用免疫组化技术检测胃癌组织p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因表达产物及其临床意义

目的：为探讨胃癌组织p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23联合基因表达产物对胃癌诊断与治疗方面的价值。方法：应用免疫组化技术检测了手术切除胃癌组织p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因产物表达。结果：p53蛋白表达阳性率37．6％-46．2％，c-erbB-2为34．6％-56．8％，p21为37．8％。61．5％，nm23为30．8％-70．3％；非胃癌组织(胃、十二指肠溃疡、胃息肉、重度不典型增生)未见c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因表达。c-erbB-2、p21的表达与胃癌的分化程度有关，p21、nm23基因表达与肿瘤浸润深度、肿瘤转移程度有关。p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23四种肿瘤蛋白在胃镜活检标本和手术切除标本中表达是一致的，无显著性差异。结论：对胃癌组织检测p53、c-erbB-2、p21、nm23基因表达产物在胃部的良恶性肿瘤鉴别、非手术临床分期的判断及指导胃癌的临床诊断与治疗等方面具有一定价值。     

类风湿性关节炎患者关节滑膜液浸润的T细胞表达特性

目的 :为研究类风湿性关节炎 (RA)患者关节滑膜液浸润的淋巴细胞介导自身免疫病的特性 ,分析了 2 2例RA患者滑膜液中淋巴细胞的免疫表型、对II型胶原的反应频率及IL 10、IL 12的分泌格局。方法 :用流式细胞术分别测定滑膜液和外周血淋巴细胞表型 ,并采用国际标准半有限稀释法分析了关节滑膜液中浸润的淋巴细胞对II型胶原 (CII)的反应频率 ,同时用ELISA方法检测了滑膜液与外周血中IL 10与IL 12含量。结果 :滑膜液中的T淋巴细胞的表型分别为CD4 (39 6 %±10 5 % )和CD8细胞 (36 4 %± 16 4 % ) ,CD4 CD8细胞比值显著低于外周血 ,且同时表达CD16和CD5 6的活化NK细胞占15 5 %± 11 1%。T细胞受体谱取用表明仍以αβTCR为主 (6 9 6 %± 15 7% )。有意义的是 :滑膜液中的T细胞对CII的反应频率为 15 2× 10 - 6 ,远远高于外周血 (4 0× 10 - 6 )。IL 12含量为 (4 19 9± 89 2 )pg ml,IL 10含量为 (187 7± 34 5 )pg ml,与外周血中这 2种细胞因子的含量〔分别为IL 12 :(6 5 32± 34 2 )pg ml和IL 10 :(85± 12 7)pg ml〕比较 ,具有显著的统计学差异。结论 :上述实验结果表明这种具有表达特性的浸润T细胞介导了RA患者关节滑膜组织的免疫损伤。     

妊高征患者胎盘血循环中血管舒、缩物质水平的改变及意义

目的　通过测定胎盘部位子宫静脉血中一氧化氮 (nitricoxide,NO)及内皮素 (endothelin ,ET)的浓度 ,并与外周血中同类物质的对比 ,了解妊高征时胎盘血管的病变程度及其与外周血中血管活性物质浓度改变的关系。方法　分别于剖宫产手术前及手术中抽取胎盘部位子宫静脉血和外周静脉血 ,应用硝酸根还原酶与Griess反应相结合的方法测定NO ;应用放射免疫分析法测定ET。结果　妊高征组胎盘部位子宫静脉血中NO2 -/NO3 -为 (70 2 6± 12 6 0 ) μmol/l,外周血清NO-2 /NO-3 为 (6 5 5 2± 14 88) μmol/l,二者之间无显著差异。妊高征组外周血浆ET水平为 (5 3 72± 15 2 8)ng/L ,胎盘部位子宫静脉血浆ET水平为 (5 2 80± 14 19)ng/L ,两者之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 1)。与正常晚孕组比较 ,妊高征组血中ET、NO-2 /NO-3 水平均显著增高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　妊高征患者的子宫、胎盘循环系统血管舒、缩物质平衡失调 ,血管内皮系统的功能亦遭到破坏 ;妊高征患者胎盘血循环ET、NO水平升高 ,但与外周血中ET、NO水平的升高无关。     

Breakpoint clusters of the PML gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia: Primary structure of the reciprocal products of the PML-RARA gene in a patient with t(15;17)

DNA studies of the translocation t(15;17) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have shown that the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene on chromosome 17 is juxtaposed to the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene on chromosome 15. The PML breakpoints have been mapped to 3 clusters: bcr1, bcr2, and bcr3. We have examined the PML breakpoint distribution in a series of 33 Chinese patients with APL Twenty-two patients fell within bcr1, 2 within bcr2, and 9 within bcr3. The primary structure of the reciprocal chromosome translocation joints of one patient and that of their normal counterparts have been determined and compared to those of 2 previously reported cases. These studies revealed possible topoisomerase II cleavage sites close to the breakpoints and suggested implications of DNA attachment sites to nuclear matrix. We propose that these features are relevant to the process of illegitimate recombination generating the translocation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

血小板衍生生长因子致大鼠血管的收缩作用

目的：观察血小板衍生生长因子-BB (PDGF-BB) 对大鼠主动脉血管环的收缩作用。 方法： 采用离体灌流SD大鼠胸主动脉血管环标本，观察不同浓度的PDGF-BB对其收缩作用，与去甲肾上腺素对比，并观察异搏定、吲哚美辛、酚妥拉明和普萘洛尔等药物对PDGF-BB缩血管作用的影响。 结果： PDGF-BB对大鼠胸主动脉有明显的收缩作用，阈浓度为2×10-10 mol/L，且呈现出浓度效应关系；与去甲肾上腺素相比，PDGF-BB对血管的收缩幅度低于去甲肾上腺素，但其收缩血管的活性高于去甲肾上腺素。吲哚美辛、酚妥拉明对PDGF-BB的收缩血管反应无明显影响，异搏定及普萘洛尔可明显抑制PDGF-BB的收缩血管反应。 结论： PDGF-BB对大鼠胸主动脉有明显的收缩作用，且呈现浓度效应关系，异搏定及普萘洛尔可抑制PDGF-BB的收缩反应。     

Effects of chloride and potassium channel blockers on apoptotic cell shrinkage and apoptosis in cortical neurons

K⁺ and Cl^– homeostasis have been implicated in cell volume regulation and apoptosis. We addressed the hypothesis that K⁺ and Cl^– efflux may contribute to apoptotic cell shrinkage and apoptotic death in cultured cortical neurons. CLC-2 and CLC-3 chloride channels were detected in cultured cortical neurons. The Cl^– channel blockers 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS), 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (SITS) and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) inhibited the outwardly rectifying Cl^– current, prevented apoptotic cell shrinkage, and mildly attenuated cell death induced by staurosporine, C₂-ceramide, or serum deprivation. Cl^– channel blockers, however, at concentrations that prevented cell shrinkage had no significant effects on caspase activation and/or DNA fragmentation. Cell death in the presence of a Cl^– channel blocker was still sensitive to blockade by the caspase inhibitor z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (z-VAD-fmk). Electron microscopy revealed that, although DIDS prevented apoptotic cell shrinkage, certain apoptotic ultrastructural alterations still took place in injured neurons. On the other hand, the K⁺ channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA), clofilium, or the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk prevented cell shrinkage as well as caspase activation and/or DNA damage, and showed stronger neuroprotection against apoptotic alterations and cell death. The results indicate that neurons may undergo apoptotic process without cell shrinkage and imply distinct roles for Cl^– and K⁺ homeostasis in regulating different apoptotic events.