Purification and characterization of the human neutrophil NADH- cytochrome b5 reductase

NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase is the predominant NADH-diaphorase found in the human neutrophil (Blood 62:152, 1983). Although this reductase segregates with the light membranes of nitrogen-cavitated neutrophils separated on Percoll gradients (which include the plasma membrane markers alkaline phosphatase and NADPH-oxidase), it is approximately 95% excluded from plasma membrane-enriched phagocytic vacuoles. The reductase constitutes approximately 5% of the light membrane fraction FAD-flavoprotein (14.8 +/- 5.5 pmol/mg protein) and was found in equimolar concentration with a high potential b cytochrome also present in this light membrane fraction and tentatively identified as cytochrome b5. Isolation of the reductase from human neutrophils was accomplished by Triton X-114 solubilization of the light Percoll gradient membranes, followed by temperature-dependent phase separation and then affinity chromatography on AMP-Sepharose. The active preparation contained 1.3 mol FAD/mol protein, migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels as a single band corresponding to an apparent mol wt of 45,000 daltons, exhibited a pl of 5.7 on chromatofocusing and was obtained in greater than 70% yield, with an overall purification of almost 900-fold. The purified enzyme was characterized by a high specificity for NADH as electron donor (Km = 6.4 mumol/L v Km greater than 1.6 mmol/L for NADPH) and exhibited a maximal turnover of ca. 30,000 min-1 at 22 degrees C with either ferricyanide or cytochrome b5 (Km = 10 nmol/L) as electron acceptor. Although the physical characterization and biochemical properties described here demonstrate that this neutrophil NADH b5 reductase is similar to the corresponding liver and erythrocyte enzymes, its unique function in the neutrophil has yet to be determined.     

雷公藤红素抑制抗体形成及抗炎作用

雷公藤红素是雷公藤主妻活性成分之一,本支报道它在试管内及整体均明显抑制小鼠脾细胞溶血空斑细胞的形成,此作用与浓度呈依赖关系。对手大鼠实验性棉球肉芽肿的形成,小鼠二硝基氧苯。(DNCB)所致迟发型超敏反应均有明显抑制作用,回时还观察到它能延长戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠时间。     

天津市“九五”期间低视力康复调研报告

目的：总结“九五”期间低视力康复工作的经验,找出差距,为“十五”期间制订一整套有效的康复网络及措施提供参考。方法：按要求逐项登记接诊的低视力患者,进行眼科常规检查后,给予远、近助视器及闭路电视（CCTV）进行康复训练。结果：低视力患者的主要来源是：天津市管辖区内占84.1%,外省市占15.1%,国际友人占0.7%。主要病因：儿童仍是先天性/遗传性眼病,而成人患者特别是老年人则是高度近视、糖尿病性眼底病变及老年性白内障,接受应用助视器的人数不多,不到总人数的30%,但近2年来CCTV深受欢迎,接诊登记患者的人数近1～2年来有明显下降的趋势。结论：深入开展低视力康复工作和应用助视器对低视力患者的恢复有很大帮助。     

Phase III study comparing tacrolimus (FK506) with cyclosporine for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

We report the results of a phase III trial comparing tacrolimus (FK506) with cyclosporine for GVHD prophylaxis after allogeneic BMT. From February 1995 to July 1996, 136 patients were enrolled and followed up to September 1997. During the first 100 days post-transplant the incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD (the primary end-point) was lower in the tacrolimus group (17.5%) compared with the cyclosporine group (48.0%, P < 0.0001). A significant difference was observed between the tacrolimus and cyclosporine groups when subset analyses were performed based on recipients from HLA-matched siblings (13.3% vs 41.3%, P = 0.015) or donors other than HLA-matched siblings (21.4% vs 53.8%, P= 0.0029). The incidence of chronic GVHD (47.3% and 47.8%) and Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall survival (62.9% and 65.2%) were similar between the tacrolimus and cyclosporine groups, respectively. The overall leukemia relapse rate was not significantly different between the tacrolimus and cyclosporine groups (19.6% and 11.4%, respectively). However, the relapse rate among recipients from HLA-matched siblings was significantly higher in the tacrolimus group (30.9%) compared with the cyclosporine group (3.6%, P = 0.013). These results suggest the merit of tacrolimus for the prophylaxis of acute GVHD, but a lack of merit for a graft-versus-leukemia effect among recipients from HLA-matched sibling donors.     

Lymphokine-activated killer cells from normal and lymphoma subjects are cytotoxic for cells coated with antibody derivatives displaying human Fc gamma

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were successfully generated in all cases from blood mononuclear cells obtained from six patients with lymphoma. The LAK cells from three of these patients and from five normal adult donors were tested for their effector abilities in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against guinea pig leukemic lymphocytes coated with various antiidiotype antibodies. Cells from all the donors behaved similarly. Mouse monoclonal antibodies of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b isotypes invoked no ADCC. However, substantial ADCC was invoked by the chimeric antibody FabFc, in which Fab'gamma from mouse antiidiotype is thioether-bonded to human normal Fc gamma. Similar results were obtained on testing LAK cells from a normal donor against uncultured human lymphoma targets coated with native or chimeric antiidiotype. The ADCC invoked by the mouse-human chimeric antibodies appears to depend on the human Fc gamma they display and not on the univalency of the derivatives used. The findings imply that LAK technology could usefully augment serotherapy that uses antibody derivatives displaying human Fc gamma.     

对中医学"心主神明"和"脑主神明"的再认识

在回顾《黄帝内经》及历代医家关于心、脑功能的论述的基础上,提出变革“心主神明”说,确立“脑主神明”论的观点。指出：传统中医学虽以“心主神明”立论,但对脑与精神、感觉、知觉及生命健康的关系也有描述,与“脑主神明”的认识相按近;并从系统修正、审慎扬弃、理论建设、方法研究等四个方面分析,强调确立“脑主神明”论符合中医药学自身发展规律。