中药制剂承载丸对甲基强的松龙预处理的成骨细胞L型钙通道电流的影响

目的:观察承载丸含药血清对甲基强的松龙预处理的MC3T3-E1成骨细胞L-钙通道电流的影响。方法:实验于2006-04/06在中国中医科学院望京医院药理实验室及吉林大学基础医学院生理教研室完成。①实验材料:MC3T3-E1(购于北京协和细胞中心);8个月龄SD大鼠10只,雌雄各半;中药制剂承载丸(由鹿角霜、肉苁蓉、续断、黄芪、当归、炙水蛭、杜仲、蛋衣、皂角刺、香附、乌药等21味中药组成);甲基强的松龙(批号H20040338,Pharmacia NV/SA生产)。②实验干预:成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1)传代培养。承载丸药粉60g,加水至200mL搅匀,取大鼠6只(雌雄各半),每只灌服2.5mL/d,灌服4d后动脉取血,制备含药血清。另取大鼠4只,同法灌服生理盐水,制成不含药血清。甲基强的松龙的浓度为1×10-5mol/L。③实验分组:将培养后的成骨细胞株分为4组:正常组(加入正常大鼠不含药血清)、模型组(加入正常大鼠不含药血清及甲基强的松龙)、承载丸低剂量组(加入甲基强的松龙及0.5mL承载丸含药血清)和承载丸高剂量组(加入甲基强的松龙及0.1mL承载丸含药血清)。④实验评估:24h后,用全细胞膜片钳技术记录每组10个细胞的L-钙通道电流,并测定其峰值电流。结果:①各组电流峰值测定结果:模型组峰值电流比正常组下降19.5%[(0.1839±0.0179),(0.2284±0.0209)nA,P<0.01];承载丸低剂量组和高剂量组比模型组分别升高37.4%和45.2%[(0.2526±0.0093),(0.2671±0.0120),(0.1839±0.0179)nA,P<0.01];承载丸高低剂量组相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。②MG3T3E1细胞钙电流的特性分析:正常组,钙通道大约在-20mV时开放,最大峰值电流在 20～ 30mV,反转电位在 60～ 70mV。当在浴液中加入Co2 ,可阻断此电流的大部分电流成份,其峰值电流为(0.1050±0.0097)nA,而钙离子激活剂Bayk8644增加了此电流(0.3335±0.0323)nA。结论:①甲基强的松龙抑制成骨细胞L-钙通道电流。②承载丸含药血清可升高甲基强的松龙预处理的成骨细胞L-钙通道电流。     

Compliance with growth hormone treatment--are they getting it?

A study was undertaken to investigate compliance in patients receiving growth hormone treatment. Two hundred patients completed a questionnaire designed to establish understanding about and compliance with treatment; 50% of our patients failed to comply with all aspects of their treatment. Failure to respond to treatment seems to be associated with poor compliance.     

Pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity and insulin are released in parallel from the perfused porcine pancreas

Pancreastatin, a peptide isolated from the porcine pancreas, suppresses insulin release from pancreatic islets of the rat. Pancreastatin immunoreactivity has been localized to islet B and D cells in the porcine pancreas. We have developed a RIA for this peptide, using rabbit anti-porcine pancreastatin antibodies and 125I-Tyr-pancreastatin. Isolated pig pancreata were perfused with a nonrecirculating bicarbonate buffer solution containing 4% Dextran and 0.1% Albumin. Glucose (11 mmol/liter) induced a biphasic release of pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity (PLI). Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves (8 Hz), as well as perfusion with acetyl choline (10(-6) mol/liter) in the presence of 5.5 mmol/liter glucose, also evoked prompt PLI responses. Furthermore, truncated GLP-1 (proglucagon 78-107; 10(-9) mol/liter) induced PLI release. All tested stimuli also elicited insulin secretion. To investigate whether the PLI measured could be ascribed to secretion of the low molecular weight pancreastatin (Mr 5,100) or to a possible precursor such as chromogranin A (Mr approximately 75,000), perfusates containing PLI were subjected to gel filtration on an Ultropac G3000SW column. All of the PLI was recovered at the elution position of the pancreastatin marker. In conclusion, PLI and insulin are released in parallel from the perfused porcine pancreas, exposed to stimuli known to affect insulin release.     

A longitudinal assessment of inter-sectoral participation in a community-based diabetes prevention programme

To understand the development of inter-sectoral participation in the three intervention municipalities of Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Programme (SDPP) case studies with a longitudinal assessment were conducted using the spidergram method, document analysis and group discussions. At three time points, the members of the local steering committees assessed the extent of participation from narrow to wide inter-sectoral participation in five key areas: planning, resources, leadership, network and implementation. Wide participation of various interest groups was recognised in planning and implementing activities whereas local resources, the representation of the leadership and the extent of the network were perceived as more restricted. Expert involvement varied during the programme period but was not regarded as exerting control over the local programmes. Participation within the local steering committees decreased, with a stronger focus on the project co-ordinator and other local partners in latter years. The extent of partner engagement increased due to focusing on activities approaching multi-sector collaboration and institutionalisation. Overall, communication and shared responsibility appeared critical in influencing both the development and perception of participation. In conclusion, to understand the dynamic process of participation at different times, areas and levels, the development and use of evaluation designs combining different methods and information sources throughout the lifespan of a project are recommended.     

Systemic to pulmonary arterial shunts in neonates

Background The major strategy for palliation of cyanotic lesions in neonates is the systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt. Methods Between May 1995, and December 2002, 48 consecutive neonates underwent systemic to pulmonary arterial shunts for cyanosis with reduced pulmonary blood flow. The mean age was 11.6 days (±SD 7.38) and the mean weight, 3.2kg (±SD 0.52). The babies were classified into three groups: Group I-Tetralogy-pulmonary Atresia (n=18), Group II-single Ventricle-Pulmonary atresia without (n=19) and with (n=5) isomerism, Group III-Pulmonary Atresia with Intact ventricular septum (n=6). Diagnosis was made by 2D echocardiography. Indication for cardiac catheterization was delineation of pulmonary anatomy/ductus laterality (n=4) or balloon atrial septostomy (n=4). The surgical procedure was a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt on the side of the situs. Post-operatively, no anti-coagulation or anti-platelet medication was employed. Results There was no mortality. Four cases required revision of the shunt in the immediate post-operative period for shunt thrombosis. The mean follow up was 17.54 months (±SD 8.36). In Group I, nine patients have undergone total correction with or without a conduit, while three required new arterial shunts for shunt/pulmonary artery stenosis. In Group II, nine patients have undergone bi-directional Glenn with atrial septectomy (n=2) and pulmonary artery plasty (n=4) and one patient underwent Fontan completion. In Group III, two patients underwent bi-directional Glenn and two had pulmonary valvotomy with/without right ventricular outflow tract widening. All the remaining babies are waiting for the second/final stage palliation or total correction. Conclusion Systemic to pulmonary arterial shunts in neonates is a gratifying and reasonably safe surgical procedure. Most babies become candidates for eventual univentricular/bi-ventricular repair.     

Therapeutic effectiveness and safety of outdated human red blood cells rejuvenated to improve oxygen transport function, frozen for about 1.5 years at 80 C, washed, and stored at 4 C for 24 hours prior to rapid infusion

After storage at 4 C for 20 to 28 days, red blood cells were biochemically modified to improve their oxygen transport function which had deteriorated during liquid storage. The solution used for rejuvenation contained pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine (PIGPA Solution B). The rejuvenated red blood cells were frozen with 40% W/V glycerol in a polyolefin plastic bag and were stored in the frozen state for about 1.5 years at −80 C. After thawing and washing the red blood cells were stored at 4 C in a sodium chloride- glucose-phosphate solution for 24 hours before transfusion. A pool of four to ten units was rapidly transfused to each of 14 elderly anemic recipients, 11 of whom had cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Recovery of the red blood cells after the freeze-thaw process was about 97 per cent, and after the freeze-thaw-wash process about 90 per cent. The 24− hour posttransfusion survival values were about 75 per cent, and the long-term survival values were about 85 days depending on the disease state of the recipient. The red blood cells had 1.5 times normal 2.3- DPG levels and a decreased affinity for oxygen at the time of transfusion and were able to delivery oxygen at high oxygen tension immediately after the rapid infusion of pools of from four to ten units through a 40-or 170-micron filter. Plasma hemoglobin levels were consistent with extravascular sequestration of nonviable red blood cells, and uric acid levels were not increased during the immediate 24− hour posttransfusion period.