全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11998篇 |
免费 | 547篇 |
国内免费 | 99篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 66篇 |
儿科学 | 294篇 |
妇产科学 | 160篇 |
基础医学 | 1479篇 |
口腔科学 | 177篇 |
临床医学 | 625篇 |
内科学 | 3170篇 |
皮肤病学 | 462篇 |
神经病学 | 858篇 |
特种医学 | 755篇 |
外科学 | 2345篇 |
综合类 | 53篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 220篇 |
眼科学 | 174篇 |
药学 | 572篇 |
中国医学 | 22篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1210篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 58篇 |
2022年 | 118篇 |
2021年 | 240篇 |
2020年 | 165篇 |
2019年 | 179篇 |
2018年 | 237篇 |
2017年 | 224篇 |
2016年 | 298篇 |
2015年 | 297篇 |
2014年 | 412篇 |
2013年 | 482篇 |
2012年 | 668篇 |
2011年 | 778篇 |
2010年 | 509篇 |
2009年 | 439篇 |
2008年 | 772篇 |
2007年 | 797篇 |
2006年 | 806篇 |
2005年 | 813篇 |
2004年 | 744篇 |
2003年 | 711篇 |
2002年 | 785篇 |
2001年 | 111篇 |
2000年 | 91篇 |
1999年 | 143篇 |
1998年 | 217篇 |
1997年 | 168篇 |
1996年 | 187篇 |
1995年 | 156篇 |
1994年 | 125篇 |
1993年 | 114篇 |
1992年 | 91篇 |
1991年 | 83篇 |
1990年 | 82篇 |
1989年 | 61篇 |
1988年 | 52篇 |
1987年 | 45篇 |
1986年 | 41篇 |
1985年 | 34篇 |
1984年 | 43篇 |
1983年 | 26篇 |
1982年 | 32篇 |
1981年 | 37篇 |
1980年 | 37篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Yoshiyama T Mikawa K Maekawa N Tanaka O Goto R Yaku H Obara H 《Journal of anesthesia》1991,5(3):313-316
Key words complications - intubation - epiglottic cyst 相似文献
82.
Clinical observations of juvenile nonprogressive muscular atrophy localized in hand and forearm 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Osamu Hashimoto Masahiro Asada Michiya Ohta Yoshigoro Kuroiwa 《Journal of neurology》1976,211(2):105-110
Summary Twenty-seven patients with juvenile nonprogressive muscular atrophy localized in the hand and forearm were analyzed. The clinical characteristics were juvenile male occurrence, insidious onset, specific distribution of localized muscular atrophy and a stationary course. On electromyography, denervation voltage (or giant NMU) is found in the atrophied muscles and sometimes in contralateral nonatrophied ones. Sensory disturbance was not remarkable. Although the etiological factor was not known, strenuous exercise of arms in sports was noted frequently in the history.
Zusammenfassung 27 Patienten mit juveniler nonprogressiver Muskelatrophie, lokalisiert an der Hand und dem Vorderarm wurden analysiert. Klinisch charakteristische Merkmale waren Vorkommen bei jungen Männern, schleichender Beginn, lokalisierter Befall der erwähnten Muskelgruppe und stationärer Verlauf nach einer anfänglichen Progression. Elektromyographisch wurde eine Denervation in den atrophischen Muskeln und manchmal in den Muskeln der kontralateralen Seite bemerkt. Sensible Ausfälle waren nicht eindrücklich. Obgleich die Ätiologie nicht klar war, wurde häufiger Gebrauch der Hand im Sport in der Krankheitsgeschichte bemerkt.相似文献
83.
84.
Yamakawa K Franco-Coronel OE Ohnishi T Suzuki R Satani H Kawamura J 《Urological research》2000,28(3):155-158
A low serum phosphate concentration is characteristic in individuals in whom kidney stones form, this being related to serum
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and urinary phosphate excretion. In order to determine whether these parameters
are related to recurrence of stone formation, they were analyzed in single and recurrent stone formers as well as controls.
An inverse correlation between serum levels of phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was observed in control subjects, indicating
that a drop in serum phosphate results in upregulated circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level in controls. While the circulating
low phosphate level upregulated the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level in single stone formers, the elevation was less than expected
from the drop in serum phosphate in recurrent stone formers. The results thus suggest that loss of upregulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
D by serum levels of phosphate might be important for stone formation. The possibility of deregulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
D to maintain physiological requirements in stone formers and prevent further nephrolithiasis therefore warrants attention.
Received: 27 January 1999 / Accepted: 25 June 1999 相似文献
85.
Takeyuki Yatsu Masanao Sanagi Akira Fujimori Yuichi Tomura Kazumi Hayashi Masayuki Tanahashi Osamu Inagaki 《Pharmacological research》2003,47(3):243-252
Several factors such as proteinuria and renal fibrosis may be important in the progression of many forms of chronic renal diseases. The purposes of the current study were to investigate the progressive renal failure of the rats with surgical renal mass reduction (RMR) and the effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, lisinopril, and to document correlation of several factors associated with progressive renal failure. Rats were subtotal (5/6) nephrectomized by resection of the renal poles and sham-operated. The functional, histological and haematological changes of the rats were studied for up to 10 weeks. After 2 weeks of RMR, oral administration of lisinopril (10 mg kg(-1) per day) was performed for 8 weeks. RMR resulted in progressive renal failure with proteinuria, monocyte/macrophage (ED1+) infiltration, anaemia as assessed by haemoglobin and haematocrit (Htc), renal hypertrophy as assessed by left kidney to body weight ratio (BKW/BW), and renal fibrosis as assessed by glomerular lesions and tubulointerstitial changes. Lisinopril exhibited renoprotection with antiproteinuric effect and inhibition of monocyte/macrophage (ED1+) infiltration. However, beneficial effect of lisinopril on anaemia was not observed. At 10 weeks after surgery, severity of proteinuria positively correlated with plasma creatinine (Pcr), BKW/BW, histological damage, and systolic blood pressure, and negatively correlated with haemoglobin. Severity of tubulointerstitial changes positively correlated with Pcr and blood urea nitrogen, and negatively correlated with haemoglobin and Htc. Moreover, monocyte/macrophage (ED1+) infiltration positively correlated with severity of proteinuria and tubulointerstitial changes. These findings strongly support that proteinuria, monocyte/macrophage infiltration and renal fibrosis appear to play principal roles in the progressive renal failure with anaemia and renoprotection of ACE inhibition may be mediated by multiple actions of ACE inhibitor. The present study confirms that rats with RMR is useful to explore target molecules for renoprotective drugs and evaluate renoprotective effect of new molecular entities. 相似文献
86.
Osamu Kawashima Mitsuru Ohata Kazuhiko Sakamoto Kenichi Hashimoto Hisato Nakajima Masayoshi Yamauchi 《Nihon Arukōru Yakubutsu Igakkai zasshi》2003,38(1):58-68
Gender difference of alcohol intake and laboratory data was investigated in 165 Japanese patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Mean age of first drinking and habitual drinking were higher in female. Duration of drinking was shorter in female. Although cumulative alcohol intake was larger in male, mean daily alcohol intake did not differ in both gender. Moreover, daily alcohol intake adjusted to body weight was significantly larger in female. Body mass index, serum levels of total protein, albumin and cholinesterase were significantly decreased in female. Platelet counts on admission did not differ in both gender. However, it was significantly increased in female after one month abstinence. C reactive protein, ammonia and serum levels of total bilirubin were significantly higher in female as compared to male. In conclusion, female alcoholics seems to progress to liver cirrhosis earlier because of high daily alcohol intake adjusted to body weight, poor nutritional condition and inflammation caused by endotoxin. 相似文献
87.
88.
Hitoshi Kotanagi Toshiaki Yoshioka Osamu Muto Hiroshi Kon Ryuichi Yanagida Masanao Ito Toshiki Kikuchi Kenji Koyama 《International journal of clinical oncology / Japan Society of Clinical Oncology》1997,2(3):133-137
Background Japanese surgeons have to macroscopically assess nodal metastasis from colon cancer according to the general rules established
in Japan. Adjuvant therapy is sometimes started after macroscopic assessment of nodal metastasis. Macroscopic assessment,
however, is difficult in many cases.
Methods We evaluated the reliability of macroscopic assessment of nodal metastasis in colon cancer by (1) comparing the number of
nodes picked up macroscopically with that of nodes recognized microscopically, and (2) by comparing the number of metastatic
nodes found between macroscopic and microscopic examination.
Results The number of nodes found during macroscopic examination was equal to that found in microscopic examination in only 52 of
206 cases (25%). Although 120 of 206 cases (58%) were judged macroscopically to have metastatic nodes, 61 had no metastatic
nodes found microscopically. Sensitivity and specificity for the recognition of cases with nodal metastasis was 85.5% and
55.5%, respectively. The number of metastatic nodes in macroscopic examination was equal to that in microscopic examination
in 90 cases (44%).
Conclusion Because macroscopic assessment of nodal metastasis is not reliable, physicians should not rely on macroscopic assessment to
indicate the need for further therapy, such as adjuvant chemotherapy. The recommendation for macroscopic assessment of nodal
metastasis should be eliminated from the general rules in Japan. 相似文献
89.
Homotypic Adhesion through Carcinoembryonic Antigen Plays a Role in Hepatic Metastasis Development 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Toshiaki Yoshioka Takashi Masuko Hitoshi Kotanagi Osamu Aizawa Yuri Saito Hiroshi Nakazato Kenji Koyama Yoshiyuki Hashimoto 《Cancer science》1998,89(2):177-185
We established a cell line with high metastatic potential to the liver (LS-LM4) after four successive repetitions of splenic injection of liver-metastatic cells in SCID mice. This cell line strongly expressed CEA and showed increased homotypic adhesion as compared with the parent cell line (LS174T). To examine the role of CEA in the increased homotypic adhesion, LS-LM4 cells were treated with anti-CEA antibody and subjected to an in vitro adhesion and aggregation assay. Further, to study the role of CEA in the hepatic metastasis of cells with high metastatic potential, LS-LM4 cells were treated with anti-CEA antibody, and the inhibition of hepatic metastasis after splenic injection in vivo was examined. There was a 62% decrease in the homotypic adhesion of anti-CEA antibody-treated (100 μg/ml) LS-LM4 cells under a Ca2+ -free condition as compared with the control ( P <0.01). Anti-CEA antibody (100 μg/ml) inhibited cell aggregation under a Ca2+ -free condition ( P <0.05). Treatment with anti-E-cadherin antibody (60 μ/ml) plus anti-CEA antibody (100 μg/ml) inhibited cell aggregation more potently than anti-E-cadherin antibody treatment alone in the presence of Ca2+ . In vivo , there was a 75% decrease in the number of hepatic metastatic nodules in the G125 anti-CEA antibody-treated group as compared with the control group ( P <0.01). Similarly, there was a 40% decrease in the diameter of metastatic nodules and there was a 90% decrease in total tumor volume of hepatic metastasis in the G125 anti-CEA antibody-treated group as compared with the control ( P <0.01). These results suggest that increased metastatic potential to the liver is at least partly due to increased homotypic binding mediated by CEA. 相似文献
90.
Absence of p53 Overexpression and Favorable Response to Cisplatin-based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Urothelial Carcinomas 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yoshiyuki Kakehi Enver Özdemir Tomonori Habuchi Hirohiko Yamabe Takayuki Hashimura Yoshitaka Katsura Osamu Yoshida 《Cancer science》1998,89(2):214-220
It has been controversial whether cancer cells harboring loss or inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 are resistant or sensitive to DNA-damaging agents including cisplatin and doxorubicin. Overexpression of mdm2 oncoprotein, a negative regulator of p53, is assumed to be an alternative to p53 dysfunction. Archival urothelial carcinoma specimens obtained from 60 patients prior to cisplatin-based chemotherapy were immunohistochemically studied for overexpression of p53 and mdm2. Thirty-two patients (group I) were treated with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting, while 28 patients (group II) underwent chemotherapy for distant metastases or inoperable locoregional tumors. In group I, the responsiveness was correlated with staining status of p53 ( P =0.0225) and the combination of p53 and mdm2 ( P =0.0497). Negative staining of p53 and negative for both p53 and mdm2 could have predicted favorable response to chemotherapy in 16 of 18 (88.9%) and in 12 of 13 (92.3%) tumors, respectively. On the other hand, p53-positive and p53 and/or mdm2-positive staining could have predicted poor response only in 7 of 14 (50.0%) and 8 of 19 (42.1%) tumors, respectively. Disease-specific survival of the p53-negative group was significantly superior to that of the p53-positive group ( P =0.0086). Difference in survival did not become more significant when overexpression of mdm2 was taken into consideration ( P =0.0456). In contrast, in group II, there was no correlation of responsiveness to chemotherapy or survival with p53- or p53/mdm2-staining status. The patients with urothelial carcinomas negative for overexpression of p53 will benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy. From clinical viewpoint, however, p53 status alone or the combination of p53 and mdm2 status is not enough to identify those patients who will not benefit from the treatment. 相似文献