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101.
The effect of flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, on hepatic encephalopathy was studied in rabbits with acute hepatic failure induced by a two-stage liver devascularization procedure. The rabbits were randomized for treatment with 5 mg/kg of flumazenil or the placebo. The drug was administered at two easily recognizable time points in the course of the encephalopathy: first, when the righting reflex was disturbed, and second, when the animal could no longer achieve to the sitting position. The response after flumazenil did not differ from that after the placebo, as measured by clinical evaluation and automated EEG analysis. Furthermore, the progression of the encephalopathy, as measured by the survival time after the first injection, was not affected by flumazenil.  相似文献   
102.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of Internet chatting, and subsequent dating and sexual (risk) behaviour among Dutch men who have sex with men (MSM), and to compare the demographic profile of the Internet sample with a traditional Dutch MSM sample. DESIGN: A self-selected anonymous Internet sample. METHODS: Enrolment via a prominent gay chat room. Potential respondents were asked to complete an online questionnaire about chatting and dating, and sexual (risk) behaviour with their last date via chatting (e-date). In 26 days, 5302 questionnaires were returned. Of these, 4984 were evaluated as reliable and were used in the analyses. RESULTS: Eighty-two per cent chatted at least once a week, 88% had ever dated through chatting, and of these 89% had had sex with one or more e-dates. With respect to the last e-date, almost 50% had had anal sex with their last e-date, and 15% reported unprotected anal sex. Especially among HIV-positive men, a high percentage of unprotected anal sex was reported (39%). After correcting for the disclosure of HIV status, this percentage remained twice as high compared with HIV-negative and never-tested men (28 versus 14%). Compared with a traditional MSM sample, the Internet sample was significantly younger, and comprised more non-Dutch and bisexual men, whereas the level of sexual risk behaviour with casual partners was comparable. CONCLUSION: The Internet is a popular new meeting place for MSM, and attracts men with a different demographic profile. The level of risk behaviour warrants that opportunities for interventions on the Internet are explored, with special attention to HIV-positive chatters.  相似文献   
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This study evaluates the safety and clinical utility of rotational angiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. High-speed rotational angiography is a newly available angiographic modality that gives a dynamic multiple-angle perspective of the coronary tree during a single contrast injection. We prospectively randomized 56 patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography to either standard or rotational angiography. Contrast and radiation utilization were compared between the two groups. The number of additional cine acquisitions needed was used to determine adequacy of the diagnostic study protocol. Rotational angiography was successfully completed in all subjects. There was a 33% reduction in contrast utilization in the rotational group as compared to the standard group (35.6 +/- 12.6 vs. 52.8 +/- 10.7 ml, respectively; P < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a 28% reduction in total radiation exposure in the rotational group as compared to the standard group (39.0 +/- 18.5 vs. 53.9 +/- 23.4 Gycm(2), respectively; P = 0.01). Total whole-body radiation exposure to the primary operator was 144 mrem with rotational angiography and 170 mrem with standard angiography. Procedure time tended to be shorter for rotational angiography (353.9 +/- 146.7 vs. 396.8 +/- 165.8 s; P = 0.3). Rotational coronary angiography can be rapidly performed in any patient and provides a significant reduction in contrast and radiation utilization while at the same time providing adequate angiographic data to complement or replace standard coronary angiography in the evaluation of coronary artery disease.  相似文献   
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Gallstone disease is an important clinical problem: approximately 10% of all adults in the western population have gallstones. Most gallstones, however, remain asymptomatic, and from various disciplines there is consensus that only symptomatic gallstones require therapy. Since the first gallbladder extirpation in 1882, cholecystectomy has been considered the gold standard. Nowadays, this operation is performed laparoscopically in most hospitals. Despite relatively low morbidity and mortality rates, a number of alternative therapies have been developed in the past few years. These alternative treatment modalities are especially indicated in high risk patients and in patients rejecting surgery. In this review article, the currently available treatment modalities are discussed.  相似文献   
108.

Background  

A strong increase in smoking is noted especially among adolescents. In the Netherlands, about 5% of all 10-year olds, 25% of all 13-year olds and 62% of all 17-year olds report ever smoking. In the U.S., an intervention program called 'Smoke-free Kids' was developed to prevent children from smoking. The present study aims to assess the effects of this home-based smoking prevention program in the Netherlands.  相似文献   
109.
During the last 20 years there was an essential improvement in the tolerance of intravasal contrast media, leading to the nonionic low osmotic contrast media. In 26 consecutive patients with different stages of coronary heart disease the nonionic low osmolar contrast media iopamidol (Solutrast) and iopromide (Ultravist) were tested during coronary artery and left ventricular angiography. In both contrast media there were practically identically only slight early haemodynamic reactions with a decrease of heart rate, systolic pressure in the left ventricle, pressure in the aorta and an increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery and partly in cardiac output. These reactions are probably due to higher osmolality in comparison with blood. Therefore, further development of isotonic contrast media would be necessary.  相似文献   
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