All change: cancer services in transition

The policy and health service background to this discussion are the radical changes in cancer services currently underway in the wake of the Calman-Hine Report and the wider changes ushered in by the NHS and Community Care Act 1990 (UK). Using the changing face of hospice care as the focus, the authors explore some of the potential issues and dilemmas involved in providing supportive care for cancer patients and their families. Three 'themes', or areas of concern, are highlighted: links between services, changing organizational factors, and increasing 'medical imperialism'. Potential benefits and drawbacks of the changing ethos and organizational structures are discussed. Interview data are used as 'triggers' for the presentation of the authors' own reflections on developments in the hospice and cancer services' arenas. The paper draws on interview data collected in the pilot phase of a 3-year study on the psycho-social needs of cancer patients and their informal carers in north-west England. Twenty-nine interviews were conducted with a range of professionals involved in the provision of cancer services in Lancaster and Kendal. In the spirit of 'gathering thoughts' and facilitating debate, a commentary on developments in the hospice sector is offered rather than any firm conclusion.     

腔内超声对直肠癌术前分期诊断的应用价值

目的:评价腔内超声(ELUS)对直肠癌术前分期诊断的准确性及局限性.方法:对58例直肠癌术前行ELUS检查,参考TNM分期标准进行术前分期诊断,并与手术及术后病理结果对照.结果:ELUS对58例直肠癌浸润深度诊断符合率达79.3%,T1、T2、T3、T4各期诊断灵敏度分别为100%、58.8%、87.5%、83.3%.对T2期诊断灵敏度最低,误诊7例中6例过深判断为T3期,且均为溃疡型腺癌.ELUS对54例直肠癌淋巴结转移诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为76.9%、75.0%、75.9%.淋巴结转移ELUS漏诊6例,淋巴结转移ELUS诊断假阳性7例.结论:ELUS对直肠癌浸润深度及肠周淋巴结转移诊断准确度较高,可成为直肠癌术前分期诊断良好的方法.对T2期的过深判断为影响诊断符合率的重要因素,肿瘤导致肠腔明显狭窄或肿瘤位于直肠上段也影响ELUS的准确性.     

恶性肿瘤放化疗并发带状疱疹27例临床分析

目的　接受放化疗的恶性肿瘤患者并发带状疱疹的临床分析。方法　回顾性分析 1998年 1月至2 0 0 3年 11月的 2 7例恶性肿瘤放化疗并发带状疱疹的住院患者的临床资料、治疗方法、随访结果。结果　全组死亡 16例 (5 9% ) ,其中 11例 (41% )死于发病后 0 .5 a内 ,3例 (11% )死于发病后 1a内 ,2例 (7% )死于发病后 3a内。死亡的 16例患者中 ,播散型患者 7例 ,局限型患者 9例。结论　对恶性肿瘤放化疗并发带状疱疹应有足够的认识 ,以期早发现、早诊断、早治疗 ,减少不必要的并发症的发生     

奥斯医院分院

奥斯医院分院坐落在玛斯努娜河畔,是AZ医疗集团下属的妇儿医疗中心。2002年至2003年,威尔马科建筑工程设计研究所对其实施了全面的建筑改扩建工程,使其成为现代化的保健诊治双功能的医疗中心。     

乳腺癌survivin和TK1的表达及其与腋窝淋巴结转移的关系

目的 探讨乳腺癌survivin蛋白的表达及其与肿瘤细胞增生和腋窝淋巴结转移的关系。方法收集乳腺癌60例，其中有腋窝淋巴结转移的28例，用免疫组化染色检测survivin和胞质胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶(cytosolic thymidinekinase，TK1)蛋白的表达情况。结果 ①乳腺癌组织中有survivin蛋白的表达，其阳性表达率为64．9‰②survivin蛋白表达阳性的乳腺癌细胞TK1的标记指数明显高于survivin蛋白表达阴性者。③无腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌survivin蛋白阳性表达率明显低于有腋窝淋巴结转移者。结论 乳腺癌组织中有survivin蛋白的表达，且其表达与肿瘤细胞增生和腋窝淋巴结转移有关。     

C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值对川崎病早期丙种球蛋白抵抗的预测价值

目的 探讨C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值(CRP/ALB)对川崎病(KD)早期丙种球蛋白(IVIG)抵抗的预测价值。方法 将2020年1月至2023年6月成都医学院第一附属医院住院的118例病程≤5 d的KD患儿分为IVIG抵抗组和IVIG敏感组,分析患儿临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究独立危险因素,ROC曲线探究CRP/ALB对KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗的预测价值。结果 IVIG抵抗组比IVIG敏感组有更高水平的白细胞计数(WBC)、CRP、CRP/ALB和更低水平的血红蛋白(HGB)。CRP/ALB升高和HGB降低是KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗的独立危险因素。CRP/ALB可预测KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗(AUC=0.664)。结论 CRP/ALB升高和HGB降低是KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗的独立危险因素,CRP/ALB可有效预测KD患儿早期IVIG抵抗。     

肿瘤患者食欲下降的营养诊疗专家共识

由于肿瘤本身及手术、放化疗等治疗因素影响,肿瘤患者常出现食欲下降。食欲下降导致的营养摄入不足易引起营养不良和恶液质,可使肿瘤患者对抗肿瘤治疗的耐受性及疗效降低、生活质量下降,严重影响患者生存预后。在病程中准确评估患者食欲,结合营养筛查与评估,尽早发现患者营养风险并给予个体化的营养治疗,有利于改善患者食欲与营养状况、预防或延缓病程进展、提高治疗耐受性,对于改善患者的预后及生活质量具有积极意义。为规范肿瘤患者食欲下降的营养诊疗,提高救治效果,本共识根据国内外现有研究成果,综合有关专家意见和临床经验,阐述了肿瘤患者食欲下降的定义与发生机制,提供了厌食/恶液质评价量表、肿瘤患者食欲症状问卷、食欲刻度尺等食欲评价工具,并且给出了肿瘤患者食欲下降的营养治疗建议。希望本共识的发布可以提高临床医护人员及临床营养(医)师对于肿瘤患者食欲下降的识别、评估和营养治疗水平,使患者临床获益。     

Associations between p53 overexpression and multiple measures of clinical outcome in high-risk, early stage or suboptimally-resected, advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancers A Gynecologic Oncology Group study

ObjectiveThe Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) performed a detailed analysis of p53 overexpression in previously-untreated women with invasive early or advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).MethodsWomen were eligible for the study if they provided a tumor block for translational research and participated in either GOG-157, a randomized phase III trial of three versus (vs.) six cycles of paclitaxel + carboplatin in high-risk, early stage EOC, or GOG-111, a randomized phase III trial of cyclophosphamide + cisplatin vs. paclitaxel + cisplatin in suboptimally-resected, advanced stage EOC. The N-terminal DO-7 p53 antibody was used to examine the expression of the major normal and mutant p53-isoforms. p53 overexpression was defined as ≥ 10% tumor cells exhibiting nuclear staining.Resultsp53 was overexpressed in 51% (73/143) and 66% (90/136) of cases in the GOG-157 and GOG-111 cohorts, respectively. In the GOG-157 cohort, p53 overexpression was not associated with any clinical characteristics or overall survival (OS) but was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) (logrank test: p = 0.013; unadjusted Cox modeling: p = 0.015). In the GOG-111 cohort, p53 overexpression was associated with GOG performance status (p = 0.018) and grade (p = 0.003), but not with age, stage, cell type or with tumor response and disease status after primary chemotherapy, PFS or OS. Adjusted Cox regression modeling demonstrated that p53 overexpression was not an independent prognostic factor for PFS or OS in either cohort.Conclusionsp53 overexpression assessed by DO-7 immunostaining is common in early and advanced stage EOC, but has limited prognostic value in women treated with surgical staging and platinum-based combination chemotherapy.