Fungal infections associated with HIV infection

Oral candidiasis is perhaps the commonest infection seen in HIV disease. The aim of this workshop was to provide a sketch of the multifarious aspects of the disease from a global perspective. To this end the panellists addressed issues such as the virulence of Candida , emergence of antifungal resistance, management of candidiasis and other exotic, oral mycotic diseases. An all-pervasive theme was the dramatic differences in the management of fungal infections consequential to the availability (or the lack) of anti-HIV drugs in the developed and the developing world. Further, the social stigmata associated with the HIV disease in many developing regions in Africa and Asia appears to modify the therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the lesser-known regional variations in the disease manifestations and therapeutic approaches were stark. Further work is direly needed to address these issues.     

Long‐term follow‐up after endovascular treatment of hepatic venous outflow obstruction following liver transplantation

Hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO) is a rare complication after liver transplantation (LT) associated with significant morbidity and reduced graft survival. Endovascular intervention has become the first‐line treatment for HVOO, but data on long‐term outcomes are lacking. We have analysed outcomes after endovascular intervention for HVOO in 905 consecutive patients who received 965 full‐size LT at our unit from January 2007 to June 2014. There were 27 (3%) patients who underwent hepatic venogram for suspected HVOO, with persistent ascites being the most common symptom triggering the investigation (n = 19, 70%). Of those, only 10 patients demonstrated either stricture or pressure gradient over 10 mmHg on venogram, which represents a 1% incidence of HVOO. The endovascular interventions were balloon dilatation (n = 3), hepatic vein stenting (n = 4) and stenting with dilatation (n = 3). Two patients required restenting due to stent migration. The symptoms of HVOO completely resolved in all but one patient, with a median follow‐up period of 74 (interquartile range 39–89) months. There were no procedure‐related complications or mortality. In conclusion, the incidence of HVOO in patients receiving full‐size LT is currently very low. Endovascular intervention is an effective and safe procedure providing symptom relief with long‐lasting primary patency.     

噻托溴铵升级治疗成人未控制支气管哮喘

背景和目的:对于单用吸入糖皮质激素控制不佳的成人支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患者,加用长效β-受体激动剂(LABA)可有效改善患者的症状及肺功能.但是最近对LABA长期治疗的安全性受到了美国食品药品管理局(FDA)及部分哮喘专家的质疑.另外,鉴于每个哮喘患者对治疗的反应不尽相同,因此寻求未控制哮喘患者的其他治疗方法是必要的.     

Phytochemical standardization of Aloe vera extract by HPTLC techniques

ObjectiveTo examine the phytochemical parameters of Aloe vera (A. vera) L. which can be used as a tool for its standardization.MethodsThe phytochemical analysis, solubility test, heavy metal analysis, antimicrobial study and quantitative analysis of gallic acid and berberine by HPTLC method were included in present study.ResultsPhytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannin, steroid, triterpenoid and glycoside. Total flavonoid and phenol content was found to be 1.9% and 13.11%. Concentartion of lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium was found to be under the limit. Total bacterial count, yeast and moulds contents were found to be under the limit whereas Escherichia coli (E. coli) and salmonella was found to be absent in the extract. Quantitative analysis through HPTLC revealed the presence of 2.74% and 0.543% w/w of berberine and gallic acid.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the plant extract are rich in berberine and gallic acid implying their importance to human health. This investigation could be used as source of standard parameters which can play an important role in its standardization.     

筛选心肌缺血再灌注大鼠差异表达基因

目的：利用抑制性消减杂交技术，筛选出大鼠心肌缺血再灌注的差异表达基因，以期通过基因线索探讨其损伤机制。方法：实验于2006—03／10在中山大学中山医学院完成。①实验分组：Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠40只，随机分为手术组，对照组，每组20只。②实验干预：手术组结扎左冠状动脉，心电图出现急性心肌梗死改变90min后，去除结扎线，再灌注60min，建立心肌缺血再灌注大鼠模型。对照组仅穿线不结扎，余同手术组。③取缺血区心肌，提取Total RNA，构建cDNA文库，利用抑制性消减杂交技术筛选差异表达基因，测序，登录Genbank寻找同源性基因。结果：共获得124个阳性结果，56个为高表达基因，68个为低表达基因，其中发现5个新的cDNA片段。其中能量代谢、物质运输、信号转导相关差异表达基因分别占所有差异表达基因的39．25％，15．89％，15．89％，并且主要变化为下调。结论：抑制性消减杂交技术是一种高效的筛选差异基因的方法。心肌缺血再灌注后基因变化涉及多种功能的基因，以能量代谢、物质运输、信号转导相关基因下调明显。     

抗癌药物的研究:4-氯苯氧乙酰胺衍生物的合成

Since compounds Ⅲ and Ⅳ possess retinoid-like action and analogues of Ⅰ inhibit some cancer cells ,seventeen derivatives of chlorophenoxy acetamide were synthesized.Of the seven compounds screened ,two exhibit cytostatic activity(1 and　2).Mass spectra showeda　special expulsion of SO2 and CO from the sulfonamide compounds,Nuclear magnetic resonancesplitting patterns of these compounds also showed interesting features.