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51.
Caterina Marchiò Marjan Iravani Rachael Natrajan Maryou BK Lambros Felipe C Geyer Kay Savage Suzanne Parry Narinder Tamber Kerry Fenwick Alan Mackay Fernando C Schmitt Gianni Bussolati Ian Ellis Alan Ashworth Anna Sapino Jorge S Reis‐Filho 《The Journal of pathology》2009,218(3):301-315
Micropapillary carcinomas (MPCs) can present as a rare histological special type of breast cancer; however, this histological type is more frequently found admixed with invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC‐NSTs). We have previously demonstrated that pure MPCs constitute a distinct entity at the morphological and genetic levels. Here, we sought to determine whether mixed MPCs have genomic aberrations similar to those found in pure MPCs, and to investigate whether the distinct morphological components of MPCs harbour different genetic aberrations. Using high‐resolution microarray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we profiled a series of 10 MPCs of mixed histology and 20 IDC‐NSTs matched for grade and oestrogen receptor (ER) status. In addition, we generated tissue microarrays containing a series of 24 pure and 40 mixed MPCs and performed immunohistochemical analysis with ER, progesterone receptor (PR), Ki‐67, HER2, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK14, CK17, EGFR, topoisomerase‐IIα, cyclin D1, caveolin‐1 and E‐cadherin antibodies. In situ hybridization was employed to evaluate the prevalence of HER2, TOP2A, EGFR, CCND1, MYC and FGFR1 gene amplification. Our results demonstrate that mixed MPCs harbour similar patterns of genomic aberrations and phenotype (82.5% luminal and 17.5% HER2) compared to pure MPCs. A comparison between the distinct morphological components of mixed MPCs in a pairwise fashion revealed that both components harbour strikingly similar genomic profiles. When compared to grade‐ and ER‐matched IDC‐NSTs, mixed MPCs significantly more frequently harboured amplification of multiple regions on 8q (adjusted Fisher's p value < 0.05). Furthermore, mixed MPCs displayed higher proliferative rates than grade‐ and ER‐matched IDC‐NSTs. Our results suggest that micropapillary differentiation in breast cancer may identify a subgroup of more aggressive ER‐positive breast carcinomas, even in those featuring a mixed histology, and that mixed MPCs are more closely related to pure MPCs than to IDC‐NSTs. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
52.
Pushplata Prasad Arun K Tiwari KM Prasanna Kumar AC Ammini Arvind Gupta Rajeev Gupta BK Thelma 《BMC medical genetics》2010,11(1):52
Background
To determine association of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADP ribosyltransferase-1 (ADPRT1), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1), receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase-2 (GFPT2), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) genes with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) among Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes; and to identify epistatic interactionss between genes from the present study and those from renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and chemokine-cytokine, dopaminergic and oxidative stress pathways (previously investigated using the same sample set). 相似文献53.
S Kanungo BK Sah AL Lopez JS Sung AM Paisley D Sur JD Clemens G Balakrish Nair 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2010,88(3):185-191
Objective
To more accurately define the annual incidence of cholera in India, believed to be higher than reported to the World Health Organization (WHO).Methods
We searched the biomedical literature to extract data on the cases of cholera reported in India from 1997 to 2006 and compared the numbers found to those reported annually to WHO over the same period. The latter were obtained from WHO’s annual summaries of reported cholera cases and National health profile 2006, published by India’s Central Bureau of Health Intelligence.Findings
Of India’s 35 states or union territories, 21 reported cholera cases during at least one year between 1997 and 2006. The state of West Bengal reported cases during all 10 years, while the state of Maharashtra and the union territory of Delhi reported cases during nine, and Orissa during seven. There were 68 outbreaks in 18 states, and 222 038 cases were detected overall. This figure is about six times higher than the number reported to WHO (37 783) over the same period. The states of Orissa, West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam and Chhattisgarh accounted for 91% of all outbreak-related cases.Conclusion
The reporting of cholera cases in India is incomplete and the methods used to keep statistics on cholera incidence are inadequate. Although the data are sparse and heterogeneous, cholera notification in India is highly deficient. 相似文献54.
背景:多瘤病毒感染是导致多瘤病毒相关性肾病和移植肾失功的重要原因之一。
目的:观察分析多瘤病毒相关性肾病的临床特征及其病理学特点。
方法:121例患者移植肾活检行多瘤病毒大T抗原染色,发现9例阳性诊断为多瘤病毒相关性肾病,利用SV-40 大 T 抗原免疫组织化学染色,对确认为多瘤病毒相关性肾病患者进行临床、病理、免疫荧光、免疫组织化学观察。
结果与结论:多瘤病毒相关性肾病组肾活检时检测霉酚酸-AUC 0-12和他克莫司血药浓度均明显高于同期非多瘤病毒相关性肾病组(P < 0.05)。9例活检组织经SV-40 大T抗原染色,肾皮质和髓质均可见散在的肾小管多瘤病毒阳性。免疫荧光IgG,IgM,IgA,C3,C4,C1q和C4d全阴性,所有肾组织病理均可见肾间质大量聚集的CD3,CD4,CD8,CD68阳性细胞,1例合并排斥反应者,人白细胞DR抗原和白细胞介素2受体高表达;不合并排斥者人白细胞DR抗原和白细胞介素2受体表达多小于5%。9例多瘤病毒相关性肾病患者随访均超过半年,移植肾失功1例,3例好转,2例稳定,3例恶化。结果表明,多瘤病毒相关性肾病的诊断主要依赖于移植肾活检组织病理;利用SV-40 大T 抗原免疫组织化学染色可提高多瘤病毒相关性肾病的诊断率;移植肾组织C4d、白细胞介素2受体和人白细胞DR抗原检测对多瘤病毒感染相关性肾病的鉴别诊断具有极其重要的临床价值。 相似文献
55.
Vrunda Patel Julie Hakim Veronica Gomez-Lobo Anne-Marie Amies Oelschlager 《Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology》2018,31(1):45-47
Study Objective
To examine providers' experiences with vaginal dilator training for patients with vaginal agenesis.Design and Setting
Anonymous electronic survey.Participants
Members of the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology.Interventions and Main Outcome Measures
How providers learn about vaginal dilator training, common techniques, and methods used for patient training, assessment of patient readiness, common patient complaints, issues leading to early discontinuation.Results
There were a total of 55 completed survey responses of which 31 respondents (56%) had been in practice for more than 10 years. Forty-nine were gynecologists (89%), 20 had completed a fellowship in pediatric and adolescent gynecology (36%), and 6 were reproductive endocrinologists (11%). Thirty-one respondents had first learned about vaginal dilator training through lectures (56%) whereas only 9 through mentorship and fellowship (16%). According to respondents, the most common issue leading to early discontinuation was lack of patient motivation and readiness (n = 42; 76%). The most common complication was pain or discomfort (n = 45; 82%). More than half of respondents determined dilator therapy was successful when patients reported comfortable sexual intercourse (n = 30; 55%) and 65% (n = 35) did not delineate any restrictions to initiation of sexual intercourse. Most respondents (87%) requested further vaginal dilator training at either a clinical meeting (n = 26; 47%) or with a training video (n = 22; 40%).Conclusion
Our study in an experienced cohort of pediatric gynecology providers highlights the need for further research and training on vaginal dilation education. 相似文献56.
Meldrum A Thomson W Drummond B Sears M 《International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children》2001,11(6):458-458
The aim of the present study was to clinically evaluate fissure sealants on the occlusal fissures and buccal pits of permanent first and second molars after 20 and 15 years, respectively. The population consisted of 72 children, each of whom had had their four first molars sealed between 1977 and 1980. At the annual examinations, all caries-free, newly erupted second molars were sealed. When sealant was applied to the second molars, the first molars were checked and sealant was reapplied to those that had deficient sealants. At the follow-up, when the subjects were 26–27 years of age, 27 in the original group had moved from the community. Thus, the present result is based on 45 subjects. One hundred and fifty-three sealed first molars and 161 sealed second molars were available for inspection. At the follow-up examination of the first molars 20 years after sealant had been applied, 65% showed complete retention, 22% partial retention without caries, and 1306 caries or restoration in the occlusal fissures or buccal pits. At the 15-year follow-up of the second molars, the corresponding figures were 65%, 30% and 5%, respectively. Of the restored or carious molars, significantly more were found in the mandible than in the maxilla ( P < 0.001). This longitudinal study showed that pit and fissure sealants, applied during childhood, have a long-lasting, caries-preventive effect. 相似文献
57.
Brant K. Oelschlager M.D. Thomas R. Eubanks D.O. Nicole Maronian M.D. Allen Hillel M.D. Dmitry Oleynikov M.D. Charles E. Pope II M.D. Carlos A. Pellegrini M.D. 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2002,6(2):189-194
Pharyngeal pH monitoring and laryngoscopy are routinely used to diagnose gastroesophageal-laryngeal reflux as a cause of respiratory
symptoms. Although their use seems intuitive, their ultimate diagnostic value is yet to be defined. We studied 10 asymptomatic
(control) subjects and 76 patients with respiratory symptoms. Both patients and control subjects were given a symptom questionnaire.
Each underwent direct laryngoscopy using the reflux finding score (RFS) to grade laryngeal injury, esophageal manometry, and
24-hour esophagopharyngeal pH monitoring. The patients were then classified as RFS+, if the score was greater than 7, and
pharyngeal reflux (PR)+, if they had more than one episode of PR detected during pH monitoring. The most common symptoms reported
by patients were hoarseness (87%), cough (53%), and heartburn (50%). Control subjects had a significantly lower RFS (2.1 vs.
9.6, P < 0.01) and fewer episodes of PR (0.2 vs. 3.4, P < 0.01), than patients. None of the control subjects had more than
one episode of PR during a 24-hour period. Fifty patients (66%) were RFS+ and 26 (34%) were RFS—. Thirty-two patients (42%)
were PR+ and 44 (58%) were PR-. Fifteen patients had a normal RFS and no PR (group I = RFS—/PR—). Forty patients had discordance
between the laryngoscopic findings and the pH monitoring (group II = RFS—/PR + or RFS+/PR—). Twenty-one patients had both
an abnormal RFS and PR (group III = RFS+/PR+). Patients in group III had significantly higher heartburn scores and distal
esophageal acid exposure. Eighty-three percent of patients in group III but only 44% in group I improved their respiratory
symptoms as a result of antireflux therapy. An abnormal PR or RFS differentiates patients with laryngeal symptoms from control
subjects. Agreement between PR and RFS helps establish or refute the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux as a cause of laryngeal
symptoms. Patients who are RFS+ and PR—may have laryngeal injury from another source, whereas patients who are RFS— and PR+
may not have acid entering the larynx, despite the presence of PR. Patients who are RFS+ and PR+ have more severe gastroesophageal
reflux disease and their reflux causes laryngeal damage. Laryngoscopy and pharyngeal pH monitoring should be considered complementary
studies in establishing the diagnosis of laryngeal injury induced by gastroesophageal reflux.
Presented at the Ross/SSAT Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia, May 19, 2001 (poster presentation).
Supported in part by a grant from U.S. Surgical, a division of Tyco, Inc. 相似文献
58.
Solomon Kibudde Eve Namisango Annet Nakaganda Mackuline Atieno Joy Bbaale Martin Nabwana Fatia Kiyange Meg O'brien Emmanuel BK Luyirika Jackson Orem 《African health sciences》2022,22(1):327
IntroductionCancer represents a growing public health concern. Late-stage at diagnosis, limited access to effective treatment, and loss to follow-up are responsible for dismal outcomes.ObjectiveTo describe care pathways, turnaround times, and identify barriers to timely initiation of cancer treatmentMethodsUsing a sequential mixed-methods design involving focus group discussions, we followed up 50 participants between January, and June 2018. We computed the median observed turnaround time to treatment (TTT) at each care step and reported delay as deviations from the proposed ideal turnaround times.ResultsThe ideal TTT with either chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, or surgery was 8, 14, and 21 days respectively. At a median follow-up time of 35.5 days (IQR 17–66), only 29 of the 50 study participants had completed all steps between registration and initiation of treatment, and the observed median TTT was 16 days (9 – 22 days) for chemotherapy, and 30 days (17 – 49 days) for radiotherapy, reflecting a significant delay (p-value = 0.017). Reported barriers were; shortage of specialists, patients required visits to outside facilities for staging investigations, prohibitive costs, poor navigation system and time wastage.ConclusionsWhen compared to the recommended ideal turnaround time, there was significant institutional delay in access to chemotherapy and radiotherapy attributed to multiple external and internal healthcare system barriers. 相似文献
59.
60.
Rapid typing of the human Fc gamma receptor IIA polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction amplification with allele-specific primers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: The human Fc gamma receptor IIa (Fc gamma RIIa) is expressed in two polymorphic forms, Fc gamma RIIa-H131 and Fc gamma RIIa-R131, that differ by the replacement of histidine by arginine at position 131. This replacement is caused by a single-nucleotide exchange of A–>G. The resulting receptor forms differ in their binding to human IgG2 and mouse IgG1, which may lead to a different immunologic defense to bacterial polysaccharides and encapsulated bacteria. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A rapid and easy polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method of genotyping the Fc gamma RIIa was developed. Allele-specific primers discriminate between the Fc gamma RIIa-H131 and the Fc gamma RIIa-R131 forms of the receptor. The results were compared with those obtained by another DNA-based genotyping method, in which PCR-amplified DNA was hybridized with allele-specific oligonucleotides, and with a functional phagocytosis assay using mouse IgG1-coated red cells as target antigens. RESULTS: The genotypes deduced from the PCR with allele-specific primers were in complete accordance with those obtained by the data from the hybridization of PCR-amplified DNA with allele- specific oligonucleotides. Furthermore, the Fc gamma RIIa genotypes of 28 individuals in all cases corresponded to the functional phenotypes. CONCLUSION: The use of PCR with allele-specific primers provides a rapid and easily performed method for the determination the Fc gamma RIIa polymorphism. 相似文献