全文获取类型
收费全文 | 524篇 |
免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 7篇 |
儿科学 | 11篇 |
妇产科学 | 7篇 |
基础医学 | 100篇 |
临床医学 | 52篇 |
内科学 | 132篇 |
皮肤病学 | 5篇 |
神经病学 | 9篇 |
特种医学 | 43篇 |
外科学 | 91篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 1篇 |
眼科学 | 5篇 |
药学 | 26篇 |
肿瘤学 | 57篇 |
出版年
2015年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 13篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 9篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 20篇 |
2007年 | 9篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 31篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 5篇 |
1965年 | 7篇 |
1959年 | 6篇 |
1958年 | 4篇 |
1942年 | 4篇 |
1939年 | 4篇 |
1936年 | 6篇 |
1935年 | 4篇 |
1934年 | 3篇 |
1933年 | 7篇 |
1932年 | 5篇 |
1931年 | 3篇 |
1928年 | 4篇 |
1927年 | 4篇 |
1921年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有547条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
12.
Diabetes mellitus has been reported to be associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer. The review analyzes current epidemiological data on the association of diabetes and the risk for colorectal cancer. Hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and inflammation are suggested to play a key role in the pathophysiology of cancer in diabetes. Data regarding potential treatment-related risks, particularly in conjunction with the use of insulin and insulin analogues, are also presented. Furthermore, the impact of glycemic control and cardiorespiratory fitness on cancer prognosis is considered. Finally, the preventive potential of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the recommendations concerning colonoscopy-screening are presented. 相似文献
13.
Adequate surgical relief of left ventricular outflow obstruction (LVOO) in transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with atrio-ventricular concordance and intact ventricular septum, may to a significant degree depend on the severity of the lesion and the anatomic location of the ventricular septum and the mitral valve. A new approach to resection of subpulmonary obstruction in TGA through the left atrium and the retracted mitral valve is described. In contrast to dynamic stenosis, transmitral resection of a fixed subpulmonary narrowing will usually lead to a significant decrease of LVOO in TGA, with good clinical results. 相似文献
14.
D Maass F Largiadér E Schneider D Demierre H Oelert A Senning 《The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon》1986,34(3):185-190
A new caval filter of helico-spiral geometry (Helix-Filter) was implanted in 13 patients for the prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE). The indications for implantation were: recurrent PE despite adequate anticoagulation (5 cases) or contraindication to anticoagulation (3 cases), incomplete local therapeutic fibrinolysis after severe paracentral PE (2 cases), and prophylaxis in high risk patients (3 cases). Implantation was effected by the saphenous/femoral vein approach in 12 patients, and via the right atrial appendage during open heart surgery in one instance. There were no intraoperative technical problems and in no case was the filter misplaced. During the follow-up period (mean 14.8 months, maximum 28 months) no filter-related complications were encountered. One patient with an exceptionally enlarged vena cava, due to abnormal renal vein inflow, had a fatal recurrent PE despite high dosage heparinization. One patient with an event-free follow-up died 12 months after filter placement from unrelated diseases. The remaining 11 patients are free of symptoms with no recurrent PE, no deterioration of venous circulation or presence of caval thrombosis. Emboli trapped at the filter were documented in 2 patients; spontaneous resolution occurred in one case. Experimental and early clinical results indicate that the hemodynamically optimal design of the Helix-Filter permits controlled and uniform luminal filtering with high patency. As such, it represents an alternative and highly promising solution to the problem of "mechanical" prevention of pulmonary embolism in selected patients. 相似文献
15.
16.
Improved disease-free-survival after transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells as compared with bone marrow from HLA-identical unrelated donors in patients with first chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8 下载免费PDF全文
Elmaagacli AH Basoglu S Peceny R Trenschel R Ottinger H Lollert A Runde V Grosse-Wilde H Beelen DW Schaefer UW 《Blood》2002,99(4):1130-1135
Outcomes after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 37) were compared with outcomes after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) (n = 54) in the HLA-compatible unrelated donor setting. Median follow-up was 17 months after PBSCT and 29 months after BMT. Both neutrophil and platelet recovery were faster after PBSCT (P <.05). PBSCT was associated with improved immune reconstitution, with higher peripheral blood naive (CD4(+)CD45RA(+)) and memory (CD4(+) CD45RO(+)) helper T cells at 3 months and 12 months after transplantation (P <.03). The cumulative incidence of acute (grades II-IV) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were similar, but BMT was associated with a higher cumulative incidence of severe, acute (grade III-IV) GVHD at 24% as compared with 8% with PBSCT (P <.05). Molecular relapse, defined by 2 consecutive positive polymerase chain reaction assays for bcr-abl within a 4-week interval, occurred in 12 of 45 evaluable patients (27%) after BMT and in 4 of 37 (11%) after PBSCT (not significant). Cytogenetic relapse occurred in 5 of 54 patients after BMT (9%) and in 1 of the 37 (3%) patients after PBSCT (not significant). Seventeen of the 54 patients died after BMT (31%), as compared with 2 of 37 patients after PBSCT (5%). Deaths in the BMT group were associated mainly with infections and severe, acute GVHD. The estimated probability of transplant-related mortality (TRM) and disease-free survival at 1000 days after receiving the transplant were 30% and 64% in the BMT group and 5% and 91% in the PBSCT group (P <.03). Overall survival 1000 days after receiving the transplant was 66% after BMT and 94% after PBSCT (P <.02). In the multivariate analysis, only acute GVHD significantly influenced TRM (P <.01). 相似文献
17.
Balic M Dandachi N Hofmann G Samonigg H Loibner H Obwaller A van der Kooi A Tibbe AG Doyle GV Terstappen LW Bauernhofer T 《Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry》2005,68(1):25-30
BACKGROUND: Monitoring of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood of carcinoma patients treated with novel compounds may be a measurement of treatment effectiveness. Before it can be used clinically, a reliably method is needed to enumerate CTCs. We compared two methods for CTC enumeration, OnkoQuick and the CellSearch system. METHODS: We drew 22.5 ml of blood into three CellSave tubes from 15 healthy donors and 61 patients with metastatic carcinoma. After pooling, 15 ml was processed with OncoQuick and 7.5 ml with CellSearch. RESULTS: With both methods no CTCs were found in healthy donors. At least one CTC was detected in 14 of 61 patients (23%) with OncoQuick and 33 of 61 patients (54%) with CellSearch (P < 0.0001). The number of CTCs detected was larger for CellSearch (mean 20 CTCs/7.5 ml of blood) than for OncoQuick (3 CTCs/7.5 ml; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The CellSearch system is a more accurate and sensitive method to enumerate CTCs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate CTC enumeration by the CellSearch system as a monitoring tool for the evaluation of the efficacy of novel anticancer agents. 相似文献
18.
Cardioprotective effects of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin after regional ischemia and reperfusion on the beating heart 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pruefer D Buerke U Khalil M Dahm M Darius H Oelert H Buerke M 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2002,124(5):942-949
OBJECTIVE: Early coronary reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium is a desired therapeutic goal to preserve myocardium. However, reperfusion itself contributes to an additional myocardial injury (ie, reperfusion injury), which has been attributed to neutrophil infiltration with subsequent release of proteases and oxygen-derived radicals. We studied the effects of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin (Trasylol) on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in a rat model. METHODS: The effects of aprotinin (5000 and 20,000 U/kg) were examined in vivo in a rat model of regional myocardial ischemia (20 minutes) and long-term reperfusion (24 hours). Cardioprotecive effects were determined by means of measurement of creatine kinase and myeloperoxidase activity within the myocardium, as well as histochemical analysis. RESULTS: Aprotinin (20,000 U/kg) administrated 2 minutes before reperfusion significantly attenuated myocardial injury expressed as creatine kinase washout compared with that seen in vehicle-treated rats (65 +/- 25 vs 585 +/- 98 creatine kinase difference in units per 100 mg, P <.01). Administration of 5000 U/kg of the protease inhibitor resulted in partial inhibition of myocardial reperfusion injury. Moreover, cardiac myeloperoxidase activity in the ischemic myocardium, a marker of neutrophil accumulation, was significantly reduced after aprotinin treatment. Histologic analysis of the reperfused myocardium demonstrated reduced polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and reduced tissue injury. Furthermore, aprotinin treatment resulted in decreased induction of cardiac myocyte apoptosis compared with that seen in vehicle-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of serine proteases with aprotinin appears to be an effective means of preserving ischemic myocardium from reperfusion injury, even after 24 hours of reperfusion. Aprotinin might exert cardioprotection through inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced myocardial injury and inhibition of reperfusion-induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. 相似文献
19.
Raimund Jakesz Hubert Hausmaninger Ernst Kubista Michael Gnant Christian Menzel Thomas Bauernhofer Michael Seifert Karin Haider Brigitte Mlineritsch Peter Steindorfer Werner Kwasny Michael Fridrik Guenther Steger Viktor Wette Hellmut Samonigg 《Journal of clinical oncology》2002,20(24):4621-4627
PURPOSE: Effective adjuvant treatment modalities in premenopausal breast cancer patients today include chemotherapy, ovariectomy, and tamoxifen administration. The purpose of Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 5 was to compare the efficacy of a combination endocrine treatment with standard chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Assessable trial subjects (N = 1,034) presenting with hormone-responsive disease were randomized to receive either 3 years of goserelin plus 5 years of tamoxifen or six cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF). Stratification criteria included tumor stage and grade, number of involved nodes, type of surgery, and steroid hormone receptor content. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was defined as time from randomization to first relapse, local recurrence, or contralateral incidence, and overall survival (OS) as time to date of death. RESULTS: With a 60-month median follow-up, 17.2% of patients in the endocrine group and 20.8% undergoing chemotherapy developed relapses. Local recurrences emerged in 4.7% and 8.0%, respectively. RFS and local recurrence-free survival differed significantly in favor of endocrine therapy (P =.037 and P =.015), with a similar trend observed in OS (P =.195). CONCLUSION: Overall, our data suggest that the goserelin-tamoxifen combination is significantly more effective than CMF in the adjuvant treatment of premenopausal patients with stage I and II breast cancer. 相似文献
20.