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91.
92.
93.
Guillain-Barr啨综合征(GBS)和Miller Fisher综合征(MFS)的诊断标准随着临床研究的深入在不断演变。2011年1月,《疫苗》杂志发表了国际疫苗安全性监测Brighton合作组关于GBS/MFS的诊断定义和研究资料收集规范。此文献中未采用"诊断标准"而采用"诊断定义"是因为其主要目的为评价疫苗安全性而制定,而非用于神经科的GBS/ 相似文献
94.
95.
Background
Despite India's recent economic growth, health and human development indicators of Scheduled Tribes (ST) or Adivasi (India's indigenous populations) lag behind national averages. The aim of this review was to identify the public health interventions or components of these interventions that are effective in reducing morbidity or mortality rates and reducing risks of ill health among ST populations in India, in order to inform policy and to identify important research gaps. 相似文献96.
Despite extensive research into its patho-physiology, investigations and treatment, sepsis remains an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The incidence in developing countries is 10 times that in the developed world. A large number of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins, eicosanoids, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide) have been identified, the interplay of which leads to the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) which can have devastating consequences on all systems of the body. In India the common organisms include Staphylococcus, E coli, Klebsiella and Candida. A number of maternal and neonatal risk factors have been identified. The initial signs and symptoms are subtle and can easily be missed. Early investigations and screening tests are important and a promising number of new tests are being studied. The gold standard for diagnosis is a positive culture from a body fluid or local source in the presence of SIRS. The threshold for starting antibiotics should be low in high-risk neonates and broad spectrum antibiotics covering the likely organisms should be given intravenously in all suspected cases in a hospital setting. This should be continued for at least 24-48 hours (till negative reports are available) in suspected cases and for 2-3 weeks in proven cases. Prophylaxis is aimed at preventing nosocomial and cross infections. Strict hand-washing, meticulous asepsis protocols, identification of high risk groups and prompt and better screening tests are essential in controlling this problem.KEY WORDS: Neonate, Sepsis, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 相似文献
97.
R. Varghese M. Ch. K. Shivaprakasha M.Ch. SR Mohanty M.Ch. KA Hassan MS R Coelho M.Ch. KS Murthy M.Ch. KM Cherian FRACS 《Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery》2001,17(2):82-85
Background Though the use of median stermotomy has been fairly standardized for the approach to the heart and great vessels, since the
advent of cosmetically appealing incisions, thoracotomy has come to be a justifiable alternative incision. This paper presents
our experience with this approach and the advantages over the conventional approach as well as over other incisions for the
correction of intra-cardiac anomalies.
Methods 93 patients underwent open cardiac procedures using the posterior thoracotomy approach since June 1997 to December 2000. There
were 69 patients with ostium secundum atrial septal defects and 12 patients with sinus venous defects. Other anomalies included
perimembranous ventricular septal defects in 3 patients, partial atrioventricular septal defects in 3 patients and transitional
atrioventricular septal defects in 2 patients. Besides these, one patient each underwent atrial septectomy with right modified
Blaloc—Taussing shunt and correction of hemianomalous pulmonary venous connection with intact atrial septum using this approach.
The median age of the patients was 8 years with a range of 10 months to 41 years. 10 patients were males.
Results The median operation time (skin to skin) was 236 minutes. Median bypass times and aortic cross clamp times were 63 minutes
and 31.5 minutes respectively. The median ICU stay was 25.2 hours. There were no significant immediate post operative complications
requiring intervention in any patient. The mean chest drainage was 80 ml per 24 hours. One patient had a superficial wound
dehiscence which healed with daily dressings One patient had atelectasis of the right upper lobe which recovered with chest
physiotherapy. All patients are on regular follow up to assess the status of their scars. One patients developed a mass on
the right atrial free wall following closure of atrial septal defect one year earlier and the underwent reoperation for removal
of the mass. Patients on follow up were interrogated and all were satisfied with the cosmesis of their scars. None of the
patients had any physical disability due to their scars.
Conclusions The limited posterior thoracotomy incision offers a cosmetically attractive approach to the heart in selected patients. The
approach is easy and the techniques reproducible. The technique carries with it no additional risk and has the advantage of
not interfering with future development of the breast in young pre pubertal girls. 相似文献
98.
Jason KS Lee MBBS BMedSc Radwan Almousa MD MRCOphth MRCSEd Thomas P Thamboo MBChB MRCPath FRCPA Shantha Amrith MD FRCS FAMS 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2009,37(4):412-414
Kimura disease is a rare idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by subcutaneous nodular lesions in the head and neck area. Ophthalmic manifestation of Kimura disease involves orbital and eyelid lesions mostly in Asian patients, but it has been described in White patients and Black Caribbean patients. Kimura disease is usually associated with eosinophilia and occasionally with renal disease. Here, we report a case of Kimura disease of the eyelid in a 50-year-old Indian man with eosinophilia. The main differential diagnosis was angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. Histology is crucial to separate these two entities, and our case was shown to be Kimura disease by histology. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a person of Indian origin to develop Kimura disease involving the eyelid. 相似文献
99.
Cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and p53 expression in nickel(II) acetate- treated Chinese hamster ovary cells 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Nickel(II) compounds are known human and animal carcinogens. In this study,
the effects of nickel(II) acetate on cell cycle, apoptosis and p53
expression were investigated in order to unveil the elements of early
cellular responses to the metal. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were
grown for 72 h in Ham's F-12 medium containing 0, 40, 80, 160, 240, 320,
480 or 640 microM nickel(II) acetate. DNA fragmentation, representative of
apoptosis, was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. The distribution of
cells among various phases of cell cycle was determined by DNA flow
cytometry. Expression of p53 protein was measured by the Western blotting
technique. DNA fragmentation was detectable in cells treated with > or =
160 microM nickel(II) and its intensity increased with increasing
nickel(II) concentration. The proportion of cells at S phase declined in a
nickel(II) concentration- dependent manner. The decline was accompanied by
an increase of cell proportion in G2/M phase and the increase became
statistically significant in cells exposed to at least 480 microM
nickel(II). Expression of p53 protein was not different from that in the
control among samples treated with < or = 480 microM nickel(II).
However, an extra fraction that migrated close to the p53 protein fraction
was detected in cells treated with 640 microM nickel(II). Our findings
suggest that nickel(II) modulates cellular response through effectors
involved in both G2/M arrest and apoptosis regulatory pathways. The
proportion of cells arrested at G2/M phase or undergoing apoptosis depends
directly on nickel(II) concentration. High concentration of nickel(II)
appears to up-regulate protein(s) other than the common form of p53
protein.
相似文献
100.
Monocytes stimulate fibroblastoid bone marrow stromal cells to produce multilineage hematopoietic growth factors 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
In previous studies we have found that monocytes produce soluble factors that stimulate human umbilical vein endothelial cells to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (CSA), burst- promoting activity (BPA), and megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity (Meg-CSA) as well as factors that stimulate T lymphocytes and neonatal fibroblasts to produce CSA. To test the hypothesis that monocytes would similarly stimulate the production of hematopoietic growth factors by autologous bone marrow stromal cells, multiply-passaged adherent fibroblastoid cells derived from the bone marrow of normal volunteers were exposed to conditioned media prepared by incubating autologous peripheral blood monocytes in complete medium for three days. When conditioned media from stromal cells incubated in monocyte-conditioned medium were compared with those of stromal cells cultured in the absence of monocyte-conditioned medium, BPA was increased fourfold and CSA was increased more than 30-fold. We conclude that mononuclear phagocytes recruit stromal cells of the marrow to produce multilineage growth factors in vitro. We suggest that these monocyte-derived recruiting activities may play an important role in orchestration of hematopoietic growth factor production by cells of the marrow microenvironment. 相似文献