Sucking habits and their relation to posterior cross-bite in 4-year-old children

Abstract – Sucking habits and their relationship to posterior cross-bite were studied in 4-year-old children (n = 588) living in the municipality of Huddinge on the outskirts of Stockholm. Previous or persisting sucking habits were registered for 88% of the children with dummy sucking as the dominating type (78%). At the age of 4 years 48% of all children still exhibited some form of sucking habit. The incidence of normal buccolingual occlusion steadily decreased in cases where sucking habits persisted. The increase in unilateral cross-bite occurreoce was most pronounced in cases where the children continued sucking after 2 years of age. The variable "intensity of sucking habit" was significantly correlated to the occurrence of unilateral cross-bite ( P <0.05). From a dental point of view these results indicate that sucking habits in children should be brought under control by 2 years of age.     

自体富血小板血浆对Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术中输血和短期转归的影响

目的观察自体富血小板血浆(autologous platelet-rich plasma,aPRP)对深低温停循环(deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,DHCA)下的Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术中输血量和术后短期转归的影响。方法选择2016年6月至2017年8月在本院接受手术治疗的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者83例,男60例,女23例,年龄24～81岁,BMI 19.0～41.9kg/m2,ASAⅣ级。根据是否制备aPRP将患者分为观察组(n=35)和对照组(n=48)。两组患者于麻醉诱导插管后经右侧颈内静脉置入三腔中心静脉导管和Swan-Ganz导管外鞘。随后,观察组于手术开始前完成aPRP制备,对照组开始手术。记录麻醉、手术、心肺转流(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)、主动脉阻断和DCHA时间。记录血栓弹力图反应时间(R)、α角和最大振幅(MA);记录术中出血量和红细胞、血浆、冷沉淀和血小板用量;记录术后机械通气时间、ICU留观时间、30d内严重并发症(神经系统并发症、需要持续肾脏替代治疗的急性肾功能不全、二次插管或气管切开、胸骨后感染或胸骨愈合不良、开胸止血)发生率和死亡率。结果观察组手术时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。麻醉、CPB、主动脉阻断时间差异无统计学意义。观察组DCHA时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组TEGα角和MA明显大于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术中红细胞、血浆和冷沉淀用量明显少于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后机械通气时间、ICU留观时间、术后30d严重并发症发生率和死亡率差异无统计学意义。结论在DCHA下的Stanford A型主动脉夹层手术,aPRP可减少术中红细胞、血浆和冷沉淀的用量,但对术后机械通气时间、ICU时间、术后30d内严重并发症发生率和死亡率无明显影响。     

脾功能亢进的介入放射学治疗——部分性脾动脉栓塞

目的研究部分性脾动脉栓塞对脾功能亢进的介入性放射学治疗,以致改善脾功能亢进的外周血象.材料与方法对14例临床诊断为脾功能亢进的患者,经股动脉穿刺行部分性脾动脉栓塞术,栓塞剂为0号医用丝线,剪成2cm～3cm长的线段,部分辅以明胶海绵条.结果14例患者PSE术后均有程度不同的发热、腹痛、恶心、呕吐等栓塞后综合症,经对症治疗后均缓解、消失,24小时～1周开始白细胞,血小板计数明显升高.结论栓塞面积控制在40%～70%之间可较好的改善脾功能亢进患者的外周血象,减少栓塞后严重并发症的发生,是脾功能亢进的首选治疗手段.     

A valid and reliable method for measuring the kicking accuracy of soccer players

Kicking accuracy is an important component of soccer performance. We constructed a plywood target measuring 243.5cm wide x 122cm high. Carbon paper applied to the surface of the target allowed measurement by 2 raters from a bull's-eye to 10 ball marks left by kicks. Intraclass correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the intra- and interrater reliability of the measurement to each ball mark. Mean and median distances from bulls-eye to ball mark were 89.9cm and 97.9cm, respectively (range, 25.7 to 150.75cm). The intraclass correlation coefficients for intra- and interrater reliability were 0.99. The root mean square error of measurement indicated that accuracy of measurement was within 0.15cm. These results suggest that our method of assessing kicking accuracy is a valid and reliable tool for analysing performance. Because this tool closely replicates kicking into a soccer goal, we feel that it also has validity. To our knowledge, no other tool or measure (e.g.. number of shots on goal or number of goals per game) has comparable validity and reliability. This method can be used as a training tool and for future investigations of kicking accuracy.     

MDM2-309多态与食管、胃及其双原发癌的发病关联

目的探讨MDM2-309基因多态性与食管、胃及其双原发癌发病风险的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP),检测食管、胃及其双原发癌患者和正常对照个体的MDM2-309基因型,并记录研究对象上消化道癌家族史情况,结合分析其与食管胃双原发癌的发病关联。结果食管鳞癌组中,G/T基因型频率(25.6%)明显低于正常对照组(54.9%)(P=0.00);胃腺癌患者组中,G/G基因型频率(31.6%)明显高于正常对照组(16.2%)(P=0.005);食管胃双原发癌患者及正常对照组中MDM2-309位点3种基因型分布频率未见统计学差异。结论 MDM2-309G/T基因型可降低食管癌发病风险,G/G基因型可增加胃腺癌发病风险,未发现MDM2-309多态与食管胃双原发癌发病风险相关。     

脑外伤患者发生院内肺部感染的危险因素及预防研究

目的探讨脑外伤患者发生院内肺部感染的危险因素,以针对危险因素加强临床预防措施。方法回顾性分析保定市第一医院2010年6月-2011年6月收治的97例脑外伤患者的临床资料,统计院内肺部感染的发生率并分析发生的危险因素。结果脑外伤患者院内肺部感染发生率为18．6％（18／97）,其发生与患者性别、体重、置尿管无明显关系（P〉0．05）,而受到患者年龄、格拉斯哥评分、激素应用、机械通气、气管切开、抗生素联用、置胃管的影响（P〈0．05）。结论临床上应注意脑外伤患者发生院内肺部感染的危险因素并采取针对性的预防措施,降低院内肺部感染发生率,促进患者的康复。     

Quality of measurements of acute surgical and traumatic wounds using a digital wound‐analysing tool

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of measurements using a wound‐analysing tool and their interpretability. Wound surface areas and tissue types, such as granulation, slough and necrosis, in twenty digital photographs were measured using a specific software program. The ratio of these tissue types in a wound was calculated using a wound profile. We calculated the intraclass coefficient or κ for reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC). The inter‐rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0·99 for surface area, 0·76 for granulation, 0·67 for slough and 0·22 for necrosis. The profiles gave an overall κ of 0·16. For test–retest reliability, the ICC was 0·99 for surface area, 0·81 for granulation, 0·80 for slough and 0·97 for necrosis. The agreement of the applied profiles in the test–retest was 66% (40–100). SEM and SDC for surface area were 0·10/0·27; for granulation, 6·88/19·08; for slough, 7·17/19·87; and for necrosis, 0·35/0·98, respectively. Measuring wound surface area and tissue types by means of digital photo analysis is a reliable and applicable method for monitoring wound healing in acute wounds in daily practice as well as in research.     

卵巢癌组织中血管内皮生长因子的表达及意义

目的探讨卵巢癌病变组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达水平与临床分期的关系。方法选取33例卵巢癌患者作为试验组,子宫内膜正常者9例作为对照组,应用免疫组化检测两者VEGF的表达水平。结果对照组VEGF平均表达水平为(4.3±2.2)ng/L,试验组为(12.1±2.3)ng/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=9.0959,P<0.01)。在高、中、低分化腺癌中,VEGF表达水平分别为(10.1±2.3)、(11.4±2.1)、(12.6±2.3)ng/L,三组比较差异有统计学意义(F=10.32,P<0.01),且两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 VEGF在卵巢癌病变组织中的表达升高,与肿瘤的发生发展及转移密切相关,可作为反映卵巢癌生物学行为的指标之一。