Differential expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and tumor cell proliferation between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas among operable non-small cell lung carcinomas

This study aimed to evaluate whether the elevated level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) correlated with histologic types, angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, and clinical parameters in common non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). We performed immunohistochemical stains using paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 84 cases of operable NSCLC [No. of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 45; No. of adenocarcinoma (AC), 39]. HIF-1alpha expression was related with histologic types (66.7% in SCCs vs 20.5% in ACs, p<0.001), but not with lymph node status, tumor stage, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, microvessel density (MVD), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index (p>0.05, respectively). As for the histologic types, MVD and PCNA index were significantly higher in SCCs than in ACs (p=0.009 and p=0.016, respectively). Among HIF-1alpha positive carcinomas, MVD was significantly higher in HIF-1alpha positive SCCs than in HIF-1alpha positive ACs (p=0.023). The overall survival curves were not associated with HIF-1alpha expression or any other histologic parameters (p>0.05). These findings suggest that HIF-1alpha expression in NSCLCs may play a differential role according to histologic types, but its prognostic significance is indeterminate.     

重型肝炎/肝衰竭临床分类的进一步探讨

目的提高对重型肝炎，肝衰竭临床分类的进一步认识。方法回顾分析25l例急性、亚急性肝衰竭患者的临床资料，按照病因分为无肝病基础组（第l组）、肝炎组（第2组）、肝硬化组（第3组）共3组，并对每组中急性、亚急性肝衰竭的实验室检查、肝性脑病的发病率及预后进行统计学分析。结果（1）转氨酶、胆碱脂酶及白蛋白的差异：无论是急性还是亚急性肝衰竭中，无肝病基础组转氨酶、胆碱脂酶及白蛋白均明显高于有肝病基础患者，特别是高于肝硬化组患者（P〈0．05）；（2）肝性脑病的发病率及各等级分布：在l、2、3组中，急性肝衰竭肝性脑病的发病率分别为100．00％，66．23％和51．02％；亚急性肝衰竭分别为71．42％，54．81％和49．99％；（3）在预后方面：在1、2、3组中急性肝衰竭的好转治愈率分别为15．38％、42．85％和26．09％；亚急性肝衰竭患者33．33％、51．39％和36．85％，3组具有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论无论是急性还是亚急性发病，3组重型肝炎，肝衰竭患者的临床特点及其预后均有差异，依此进行分类，有其临床实用性及科学性，将能更好的指导临床诊断、治疗和预后判断。     

海洛因依赖患者的MMPI与ERP电位研究

目的:探讨明尼苏达多项人格调查量表(MMPI)及事件相关电位(ERP)在海洛因依赖患者中的临床应用价值。方法:对44例海洛因依赖患者和43例正常健康者分别进行了MMPI及ERP测定,并将两组的结果加以比较。结果:海洛因依赖患者中MMPI测定异常率为63.64%(28/44),其量表中Hs(疑病),D(抑郁),Pd(心理变态)、Pa(偏执)、Pt(精神衰弱),Ma(轻躁狂)分显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。海洛因依赖患者ERP测定异常率为52.27%(23/44),其中N2波及P3波(即P300)潜伏期较对照组明显延长,波幅也降低,两组间比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论:MMPI及ERP电位对海洛因依赖患者临床诊治及预后判断有较高的价值。     

Expression of cell cycle regulators during smooth muscle cell proliferation after balloon catheter injury of rat artery

Intimal hyperplasia is defined as the abnormal migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with deposition of extracellular matrix. However, the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms of injury-induced VSMC proliferation are largely unknown. To examine the expression kinetics of cell cycle regulatory factors which is known to be worked positively or negatively, we used rat balloon injury model. Marked induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), G1/S cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk2), and its regulatory subunit (cyclin E) occurred between 1 and 3 days after balloon arterial injury, and this was sustained for up to 7 days and then declined. However, the induction of the negative regulators, p21 and p27, occurred between 3 and 5 days of injury, peaked after 7 and 14 days and was then sustained. VSMC proliferation after balloon catheter injury of the rat iliac artery is associated with coordinated expression of positive (cdk2, cyclin E and PCNA) and negative (p21, p27) regulators. Cell cycle regulators such as cdk2, cyclin E, p21, p27 may be suitable targets for the control of intimal hyperplasia.     

中国人群HLA-B等位基因与HIV-1感染者疾病进程相关性研究

目的：通过对中国人群HIV-1感染典型进展者（Typical progressors，TP）和长期不进展者（Long-term nonpmgressors，LTNP）HLA-B等位基因的分布频率的研究，探讨中国人群HLA-B等位基因与HIV-1感染者疾病进程的关系。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法从河南、吉林、辽宁、新疆、云南五省收集356例未经抗病毒治疗的HIV-1感染者血样，其中289例典型进展者和67例长期不进展者。应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物技术（PCR-SSP）对其HLA-B等位基因特异性进行检测，并分析了他们的等位基因纯合子情况及Bw4／Bw6血清型，比较二组差异。结果：发现4个HLA-B等位基因位点在中国HIV-1感染人群中的表达频率较高，分别是HLA-B^＊13（TP：11．8％；LTNP：15．7％）、HLA-B^＊15（TP：17．3％；LTNP：8．2％）、HLA-B^＊40（TP：12．5％；LTNP：17．9％）、HIA-B^＊51（TP：9％；LTNP：10．4％）。其中长期不进展组HLA-B^＊67的等位基因频率为4．5％，典型进展组HLA-B^＊67的等位基因频率为1．2％，前者明显高于后者，具有显著性差异（P=0．022，OR=0．26，95％CI=0．08-0．89）。典型进展组的B^＊15的等位基因频率（17．3％）显著高于长期不进展组（8．2％）（P=0．009，OR=2．34，95％CI=1．18～4．76）。结论：HLA-B^＊67等位基因可能与延缓中国HIV-1感染者疾病进程相关，HLA-B^＊15等位基因可能与加速中国HIV-1感染者疾病进程相关。     

骨质疏松对骨的粘弹性性质影响的实验研究

目的研究正常大鼠股骨和维甲酸所致大鼠骨质疏松股骨的压缩粘弹性性质,为临床提供生物粘弹性力学参数。方法选用175～245g,6月龄Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为正常对照组15只,模型组15只。对模型组大鼠每日灌服维甲酸(70mg·kg-1·d-1),实验动物于第12周末处死。取股骨进行压缩应力松弛、蠕变实验。结果得出了正常对照组和模型组股骨应力松弛,蠕变数据和曲线。对应力松弛蠕变实验数据进行归一化处理,得出归一化应力松弛函数、蠕变函数及曲线。结论模型组的7200s应力松弛、蠕变量指标显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织中HBV抗原表达特征及其临床意义

目的探讨慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝活检组织中检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙肝核心抗原(HBcAg)表达强度及表达方式的必要性。方法采用EnVision免疫组织化学法检测196例慢性乙型肝炎患者肝穿组织中HBsAg和HBcAg的表达水平,并用荧光定量PCR检测其血清中的HBV DNA的含量。对肝组织进行炎症活动度分级和纤维化分期。结果肝组织中的HBsAg表达强度和表达方式与炎症分级、纤维化分期和血清乙肝病毒载量均无相关性(P>0.05)。HBcAg表达强度与炎症分级无相关性(r=-0.02,P>0.05);与纤维化分期呈负相关(r=-0.28,P<0.01);与血清乙肝病毒载量呈正相关(r=0.53,P<0.01)。HBcAg表达方式与炎症分级为负相关(r=-0.27,P<0.01),其中浆型组炎症活动度分级高于核型组和混合型组(P<0.01),混合型组高于核型组(P<0.01)。HBcAg表达方式与纤维化分期亦呈较弱的负相关(r=-0.23,P<0.01),其中浆型组纤维化分期高于核型组和混合型组(P<0.05)。HBcAg表达方式与血清乙肝病毒载量呈正相关(r=0.22,P<0.01)。结论区分肝组织中的HBsAg表达强度和表达方式无益于了解慢性乙型肝炎患者肝损害的程度,而检测肝组织中的HBcAg则有助于临床抗病毒治疗。     

Shiga toxin is transported from the endoplasmic reticulum following interaction with the luminal chaperone HEDJ/ERdj3

Shiga toxin (Stx) follows a complex intracellular pathway in order to kill susceptible cells. After binding to cell surface glycolipids, the toxin is internalized and trafficked in retrograde fashion to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). From the ER lumen, the toxin must gain access to the cytoplasm, where it enzymatically inactivates the 28S rRNA, inhibiting protein synthesis. The host molecules involved in this pathway and the mechanisms utilized by the toxin to access the cytoplasm from the ER are largely unknown. We found that Stx is capable of energy-dependent transport across the ER lumen, as has recently been demonstrated for the cholera and ricin toxins. Genetic screening for molecules involved in Shiga toxin trafficking yielded a cDNA encoding a prematurely truncated protein. Characterization of this cDNA revealed that it encodes a novel Hsp40 chaperone, designated HEDJ or ERdj3, localized to the ER lumen, where it interacts with BiP, a molecule known to be involved in protein retrotranslocation out of the ER. We demonstrated that within the ER lumen Stx interacts with HEDJ and other chaperones known to be involved in retrotranslocation of proteins across the ER membrane. Moreover, sequential immunoprecipitation revealed that Shiga toxin was present in a complex that included HEDJ and Sec61, the translocon through which proteins are retrotranslocated to the cytoplasm. These findings suggest that HEDJ is a component of the ER quality control system and that Stx utilizes HEDJ and other ER-localized chaperones for transport from the ER lumen to the cytosol.     

踝关节与距下关节矢状断层解剖学

目的：为踝、距下关节病变及损伤的诊断、修复和重建提供矢状断层解剖学基础。方法：用成年男尸右足标本5例，置冰柜冻硬后，每例切制4个踝及后足部矢状断层标本。结果：胫距关节矢状径最长为31．9mm，距骨滑车与胫骨关节软骨厚各为2．5mm与2．4mm，胫距关节间隙为2．6mm，内侧韧带厚为3．1mm；前、后距下关节软骨厚分别为1．5mm、1．2mm与1．7mm、1．4mm，关节间隙为0．8mm与1．4mm，后距下关节矢状径最长为18．9mm，距跟骨间韧带长8．6mm，矢状径为2．6mm。结论：本文结果为临床踝、距下关节疾患的诊治及关节镜技术提供了解剖学资料。     

BK polyomavirus interstitial nephritis in a renal allograft recipient

Human polyomavirus (PV) interstitial nephritis has recently been recognized as a cause of severe renal allograft dysfunction. It occurs in immunosuppressed patients after reactivation of the latent virus PV type BK (BK virus) in the renal epithelium. BK disease is defined as a morphologically manifest renal infection with cytopathic signs accompanied by varying degrees of interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates and functional impairment. It is also identified by the presence of cells containing viral inclusion bodies (decoy cells) in the urine. The authors report a case of BK PV interstitial nephritis in a 36-year-old renal allograft recipient. Under light microscopy the chief diagnostic indicator was detection of intranuclear viral inclusions, which were found exclusively in tubular epithelial cells. Cells with viral changes were often enlarged with nuclear atypia and chromatin basophilia. Widespread interstitial plasma cell infiltrates associated with tubulitis were present. Intranuclear paracrystalline arrays of virus particles 35-38 nm in diameter were present as characteristic ultrastructural indicators. Urine samples revealed decoy cells with ground-glass-type intranuclear inclusions positive for BK virus by electron microcopy.