牡蛎钙与生物钙毒性与代谢研究

素有“海洋牛奶”美称的牡蛎(oyster)是我国重要的海产经济贝类,近年来产量不断增加。占其总重近80%的牡蛎壳作为固体废弃物大多被丢放在垃圾场或填海,已成为环境一大公害。牡蛎壳中由90%以上的天然碳酸钙及少量的蛋白和糖类等构成,是良好的天然钙源[4],近年来牡蛎钙作为补钙佳     

rhG-CSF预防化疗后粒细胞减少的Ⅱ期临床试验

[目的]评价InstitutoSidusS.A.生物公司生产的若美斯(rhG CSF)对防治化疗后粒细胞减少症的作用及不良反应。[方法]采用随机分组的方法 ,将34例患者分为AB组和BA组。AB组第一周期(A周期)化疗48h后加用G CSF ,第二周期为空白对照周期(B周期) ,仅单独使用化疗 ;BA组与上相反。rhG CSF在化疗药物末次给药后48h起 ,5μg/kg,皮下注射 ,每日1次。同时观察患者血中白细胞(WBC)值及中性粒细胞(ANC)值变化。[结果]运用rhG CSF支持后的研究组和对照组相比 ,化疗后WBC值<1×109/L,2×109/L,3×109/L ,4×109/L的持续平均天数明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01)。ANC值<0.5×109/L,1.0×109/L,1.5×109/L ,2.0×109/L的持续平均天数也明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01) ,并能减少感染和运用其他抗生素的几率 ,用药后白细胞值及中性粒细胞值在d2 出现第1个高峰、d8 出现第2个高峰。rhG CSF对血小板无明显影响。不良反应表现为 :30%的病人出现轻中度的骨骼肌疼痛 ,6%出现轻度乏力 ,6%出现轻度局部注射痛 ,一般不需特殊处理 ,易于耐受。[结论]rhG CSF可以促进化疗病人WBC和ANC的恢复 ,安全性好 ,可作为化疗提高剂量的辅助用药。     

胃癌组织中CDw75表达的临床意义

[目的]探讨Sia T1 酶依赖性α 2,6唾液酸化糖蛋白CDw75在胃癌组织中表达及其与临床特征之间关系。[方法]采用免疫组化SP法对110例胃癌组织的CDw75抗原表达进行检测 ,分析CDw75表达与胃癌临床病理因素及预后之间关系。[结果]110例胃癌组织中 ,CDw75表达阳性率为50.9%(56/110)。CDw75表达阳性者多见于肿瘤直径≥5.5cm(P<0.001)、呈浸润型生长(P<0.001)及伴淋巴结转移(P<0.001)和浆膜浸润(P<0.001)的TNMⅢ、Ⅳ期胃癌(P<0.001)。CDw75表达阳性者的复发率高于阴性者 ,阳性者的预后明显较阴性者差。多因素分析表明 ,CDw75表达是胃癌的一个独立预后因子。[结论]CDw75表达是反映胃癌生物学行为的有价值指标 ,并具有独立的预后意义     

复方丹参注射液与1%2C6-二磷酸果糖治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病合并心肌损害疗效比较

目的:临床观察比较复方丹参注射液与1,6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)合并心肌损害的疗效。方法:在支持和对症治疗的基础上加复方丹参注射液治疗22例患儿并与21例加用FDP组进行对比观察,以临床症状、心电图、血清CK-MB作为观察指标。结果:复方丹参注射液组与FDP组疗效相近。结论:复方丹参注射液治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病合并心肌损害,疗效良好,且价格低廉,值得临床推广应用。     

脂质体在脑靶向给药系统中的研究进展

血脑屏障是阻碍药物进入大脑的主要因素,血脑屏障上皮细胞间的紧密连接使药物很难渗透入脑,从而显著增加了临床药物治疗颅内疾病的难度。连接抗体的脂质体或免疫脂质体可作为特定的药物载体将药物分子包裹并靶向运输到相应组织或器官内。本文将总结如何应用这种技术将药物转运通过血脑屏障,及其临床应用前景。     

微血管密度与鼻咽癌生物学行为的相关性

探讨鼻咽癌血管生成与癌生物学行为的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学ＳＰ法检测了６５例ＮＰＣ、１５例鼻咽良性肿瘤、１５例无瘤者鼻咽部石蜡标本组织中的微血管密度及血管内皮细胞生长因子表达。     

Tuberculosis transmission in nontraditional settings: a decision-tree approach

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) transmission in nontraditional settings and relationships (non-TSR) often eludes detection by conventional contact investigation and is increasingly common. The U.S.-based National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network collected epidemiologic data and genotyping results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from 1996 to 2000. METHODS: In 2003-2004, we determined the number and characteristics of TB patients in non-TSR that were involved in recent transmission, generated a decision tree to profile those patients, and performed a case-control study to identify predictors of being in non-TSR. RESULTS: Of 10,844 culture-positive reported TB cases that were genotyped, 4724 (43.6%) M. tuberculosis isolates were clustered with at least one other isolate. Among these, 520 (11%) had epidemiologic linkages discovered during conventional contact investigation or cluster investigation and confirmed by genotyping results. The decision tree identified race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white or black) as having the greatest predictive ability to determine patients in non-TSR, followed by being aged 15 to 24 years and having positive or unknown HIV infection status. From the 520, 85 (16.4%) had non-TSR, and 435 (83.6%) had traditional settings and relationships (TSR). In multivariate analyses, patients in non-TSR were significantly more likely than those in TSR to be non-Hispanic white (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.7-21.1]) or to have an M. tuberculosis isolate resistant to rifampin (aOR=5.2; 95% CI=1.5-17.7). CONCLUSIONS: Decision-tree analyses can be used to enhance both the efficiency and effectiveness of TB prevention and control activities in identifying patients in non-TSR.     

Impeller behavior and displacement of the VentrAssist implantable rotary blood pump

The VentrAssist implantable rotary blood pump, intended for long-term ventricular assist, is under development and is currently being tested for its rotor-dynamic stability. The pump is of the centrifugal type and consists of a shaftless impeller, also acting as the rotor of the brushless DC motor. The impeller remains passively suspended in the pump cavity by hydrodynamic forces, resulting from the small clearances between the impeller outside surfaces and the pump cavity. In the older version of the pump tested, these small clearances range from approximately 50 microm to 230 microm; the displacement of the impeller relative to the pump cavity is unknown in use. This article presents two experiments: the first measured displacement of the impeller using eddy-current proximity sensors and laser proximity sensors. The second experiment used Hall-effect proximity sensors to measure the displacement of the impeller relative to the pump cavity. All transducers were calibrated prior to commencement of the experiments. Voltage output from the transducers was converted into impeller movement in five degrees of freedom (x, y, z, theta(x), and theta(y)). The sixth degree of freedom, the rotation about the impeller axis (theta(z)), was determined by the commutation performed by the motor controller. The impeller displacement was found to be within the acceptable range of 8 micro m to 222 microm, avoiding blood damage and contact between the impeller and cavity walls. Thus the impeller was hydrodynamically suspended within the pump cavity and results were typical of centrifugal pump behavior. This research will be the basis for further investigation into the stiffness and damping coefficient of the pump's hydrodynamic bearing.     

Cannabinoid receptors and T helper cells

We have reported that injection of marijuana cannabinoids, such as Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), into mice, followed by infection with Legionella pneumophila (Lp), suppresses the development of cell-mediated immunity T helper 1 (Th1) activity. These effects are accompanied by suppression of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN) gamma production and enhancement of IL-4 production suggesting THC-induced T helper cell biasing. In the current report, other T helper cell biasing mechanisms were studied. Mice were injected with THC followed 18 h later by a challenge infection with Lp. Two-hour post-infection, spleens were removed and analyzed for mRNA to either IL-12Rbeta2 or GATA3 gene products. The results showed that THC suppressed IL-12Rbeta2 but increased GATA3. Receptor antagonists for CB1 (SR141716A, SR1) and CB2 (SR144528, SR2) were also injected to analyze the involvement of cannabinoid receptors. It was determined that SR1 attenuated the THC suppression of IL-12Rbeta2, while SR2 attenuated the increase in GATA3 mRNA. These results suggest that THC suppresses Th1 biasing activity such as IL-12Rbeta2 by a CB1 mediated mechanism and enhances the Th2 biasing activity, GATA3, by a CB2 mechanism. This dichotomy of receptor involvement might result from differential expression and/or signaling function of CB1 and CB2 on Th1 and Th2 cells.     

I型Crigler-Najjar综合征一例

患儿女,1岁4个月。因“全身皮肤反复重度黄染74d”于2001年4月28日入我院。为G3P1,GA40W,顺产娩出,出生体重3．0kg,出生时情况无特殊。生后第3天开始全身皮肤黄染,第8天大便曾呈白陶土样,第17天复转为黄色。曾在当地多间医院诊治,血培养示“溶血性葡萄球菌”和“模仿葡萄球菌”生长(1次),肝胆ECT检查提示肝胆管通畅。