眼针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型海马组织TGF-β_1表达的影响

目的观察眼针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠模型海马组织转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响,探讨眼针治疗局灶性脑缺血的机制。方法采用改良线栓法制备局灶性脑缺血模型,采用眼针治疗。再灌注3、24、72h后观察大鼠神经功能缺损程度评分,运用免疫组化法检测海马组织TGF-β1蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,眼针组大鼠神经功能缺损程度评分明显下降;与模型组比较,眼针组各时间点海马组织TGF-β1蛋白显著升高。结论眼针具有改善局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经功能作用,其机制与上调TGF-β1系统表达有关。     

Box-Behnken响应面法优化热毒宁注射液金银花和青蒿(金青)的醇沉工艺研究

目的优化热毒宁注射液金银花和青蒿(金青)的醇沉工艺,并获得关键工艺参数与质量属性的关系方程,为醇沉过程自动化控制提供理论依据。方法以新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、断氧化马钱子苷转移率及醇沉液中固含量为指标,通过单因素试验设计,考察醇沉前液相对密度、醇沉前液温度、醇沉终点乙醇体积分数、醇沉搅拌速度、加醇速度、静置温度、静置时间7个因素对醇沉工艺的影响趋势,同时通过方差分析确定影响醇沉工艺的关键因素。再采用Box-Behnken响应面法对关键因素的参数范围进行进一步的研究与探讨。结果单因素试验结合Box-Behnken响应面法研究得到金青醇沉的最佳工艺参数:搅拌速度为550 r/min、加醇体积流量为4.0 m L/s、醇沉终点乙醇体积分数75%、静置温度30℃、静置时间24 h、醇沉前液相对密度1.10 g/m L(25℃)、醇沉前液温度25℃,在此条件下新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、断氧化马钱子苷转移率分别为94.8%、97.6%、97.4%、97.2%、96.1%,醇沉液中固含量为4.2%。结论采用响应面法优化了热毒宁注射液金青的醇沉工艺,有助于进一步提升金青醇沉工艺的稳定性。     

脉搏血氧测定法检测牙髓血流的临床研究

目的探讨脉搏血氧测定法检测牙髓血氧饱和度的可行性。方法采用Nellcor OxiMax N560脉搏血氧仪加分离探头,测定100名年龄12～18岁体检牙齿健康者恒上颌中切牙、上颌侧切牙及上颌尖牙和食指的血氧饱和度,并进行统计分析。结果食指血氧饱和度为（98.59±1.06）%,健康上颌前牙血氧饱和度为（84.18±2.26）%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05））;上颌中切牙、侧切牙和尖牙的血氧饱和度水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;牙齿血氧饱和度水平与食指血氧饱和度水平无相关性（P〉0.05）。结论脉搏血氧测定法检测牙髓血氧饱和度可用于判定牙齿的牙髓活力状况。     

Bilateral motor tasks involve more brain regions and higher neural activation than unilateral tasks: an fMRI study

Movements that involve simultaneous coordination of muscles of the right and left lower limbs form a large part of our daily activities (e.g., standing, rising from a chair). This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine which brain areas are used to control coordinated lower-limb movements, specifically comparing regions that are activated during bilateral exertions to those performed unilaterally. Plantarflexor exertions were produced at a target force level of 15 % of the participants’ maximum voluntary contraction, in three conditions, with their right (dominant) foot, with their left foot, and with both feet simultaneously. A voxel-wise analysis determined which regions were active in the bilateral, but not in the unilateral conditions. In addition, a region of interest (ROI) approach was used to determine differences in the percent signal change (PSC) between the conditions within motor areas. The voxel-wise analysis showed a large number of regions (cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar) that were active during the bilateral condition, but not during either unilateral condition. The ROI analysis showed several motor regions with higher activation in the bilateral condition than unilateral conditions; further, the magnitude of bilateral PSC was more than the sum of the two unilateral conditions in several of these regions. We postulate that the greater levels of activation during bilateral exertions may arise from interhemispheric inhibition, as well as from the greater need for motor coordination (e.g., synchronizing the two limbs to activate together) and visual processing (e.g., monitoring of two visual stimuli).     

Prevention. Part 7: professionally applied topical fluorides for caries prevention

This paper reviews the use of professionally applied topical fluorides (PATF) in caries prevention. PATFs are indicated for children and adults with one or more decayed smooth surfaces and/or those who are at high caries risk. Frequency of administration depends on the patient's caries risk, and is usually every 6 months. The effectiveness of fluoride varnish and gel applications has been well established in caries prevention trials involving permanent teeth. Although both types are effective, varnish may be preferred because it is easier to apply, reduces the risk of fluoride over-ingestion, and has greater patient acceptance. Fluoride foams are similar products to gels, but have not been tested clinically. The use of in-office two-part rinses is not recommended because they have not been proven effective. A cleaning, or prophylaxis, is not necessary before the application of topical fluoride for caries prevention. In conclusion, when used appropriately, PATFs are a safe, effective means of reducing caries risk among high-risk populations.     

自然流产小鼠绒毛滋养细胞PCNA和OPN的表达与相关研究

目的 比较正常妊娠和自然流产小鼠绒毛滋养细胞增殖细胞核抗原(Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen,PCNA)和骨桥蛋白(Osteopontin,OPN)的表达,探讨自然流产的发病机制.方法 建立正常妊娠模型CBA×BALB/c 和自然流产模型CBA×DBA/2.采用免疫组化SP法测定两组孕13 d绒毛滋养细胞PCNA和OPN的表达.结果 与正常妊娠相比,自然流产绒毛滋养细胞PCNA和OPN的表达均明显降低(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论 绒毛滋养细胞PCNA和OPN的表达低下与自然流产的发生有关.     

棘球蚴免疫逃避机制研究进展

棘球蚴病是一种危害人类健康和畜牧业发展的人兽共患寄生虫病,呈世界性分布,由细粒棘球蚴或泡状棘球蚴在宿主体内寄生造成,这两种棘球蚴在宿主体内能够生长发育,与其复杂有效的免疫逃避机制密不可分。根据近年来的研究文献,本文综述了棘球蚴逃避宿主防御免疫攻击的机制,指出了研究棘球蚴免疫逃避机制的意义和今后努力的方向。     

13496例围术期抗菌药物预防使用的干预策略

目的通过调查与反馈,干预院内围术期抗菌药物预防使用,提高围术期抗菌药物使用的合理性。方法定期抽查2005-2010年全院无感染征象的手术病例13 496例,与此同时采取各种干预措施,规范围术期抗菌药物预防使用。结果通过干预,全院抗菌药物带入手术室使用率明显上升,从51.19%上升至99.27%,上升了47.71%;Ⅰ类手术围手术期抗菌药物使用天数从平均6.29 d/例下降至3.30 d/例,平均下降2.99 d/例;抗菌药物使用级别合格率逐渐上升,从18.21%上升至74.70%,上升56.49%,医院感染率没有上升。结论制定明确的围术期抗菌药物使用要求,应用计算机后台管理系统,对监测数据进行科学的统计分析,深入临床的沟通和责任到人的考核,以及各级领导重视是提高围术期抗菌药物合理使用的关键。     

联合检测自发凋亡率及p27kip1在膀胱移行细胞癌中的意义

目的探讨自发凋亡率、p27kip1在人膀胱移行细胞癌中表达的临床意义。方法采用TUNEL法检测自发凋亡细胞,用S’P法检测p27kip1基因在50例膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达,分析各检测指标在上述标本中的表达及与膀胱移行细胞癌分级、临床分期间的关系。结果在膀胱移行细胞癌中,自发凋亡率AI均数为(3.0±1.5)%,p27kip1基因的阳性表达率为58.0%(29/50)。其二者的阳性表达均随膀胱癌分级、分期的升高而降低。p27kip1蛋白阳性组中AI均数显著高于p27kip1蛋白阴性组(P<0.05)。结论p27kip1蛋白和自发凋亡率与肿瘤的恶性程度和进展密切相关,联合检测p27kip1和自发凋亡率有助于更准确地解释和描述膀胱癌的生物学行为。