依托咪酯对肾上腺皮质功能影响的研究进展

背景 依托咪酯作为一种静脉麻醉药,由于其苏醒迅速、血流动力学稳定、对呼吸影响小、具有脑保护作用等特点,已被大量应用于临床麻醉.但其对内分泌系统的影响,尤其是对肾上腺皮质功能的抑制作用,影响了麻醉医师临床应用的热情.近年由于少有关于依托咪酯诱导或短时间输注引起的具有临床意义的肾上腺皮质抑制的新报道,其应用又有逐渐增加的趋势. 目的 通过总结国内外的研究,探讨依托咪酯用于全身麻醉诱导、维持及危重患者的可行性,了解针对减轻其肾上腺毒性的新的研究方向与实验设计. 内容 对依托咪酯肾上腺毒性的药理机制、临床应用进行综述. 趋向 随着对依托咪酯肾上腺毒性作用的深入研究,其用于非危重患者的全身麻醉诱导与维持已得到认可,而用于危重患者仍具有较大争议.小剂量药物预处理减轻其肾上腺毒性以及改变分子结构的新方法已成为研究减轻依托咪酯肾上腺毒性的热点和新方向.     

Upfront double high-dose chemotherapy with DICEP followed by BEAM and autologous stem cell transplantation for poor-prognosis aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A single center, prospective clinical trial was conducted evaluating 2 cycles of induction high-dose chemotherapy for adults younger than 65 years of age with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 2 to 3 Age-Adjusted International Prognostic Index risk factors. Patients received one cycle of standard dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) followed by one cycle of dose-intensive cyclophosphamide 5.25 g/m(2), etoposide 1.05 g/m(2), cisplatin 105 mg/m(2) (DICEP), then underwent autologous blood stem cell collection, followed by one cycle of high-dose carmustine (BCNU) 300 mg/m(2), etoposide 800 mg/m(2), Ara-C 1600 mg/m(2), melphalan 140 mg/m(2) (BEAM), and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and radiotherapy to prior bulk. From June 1998 to August 2004, 55 patients aged 20 to 63 years (median 44 years) were accrued, 51 (92%) of whom had diffuse large B-cell NHL. Poor prognostic factors included stage 4 (n = 46), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; n = 47), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 2 to 4 (n = 43), bulky mass more than 10 cm (n = 34), and marrow involvement (n = 16). Only one patient experienced nonrelapse mortality. With a median follow-up of 49 months, 4-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for all 55 patients are 72% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 60%-84%) and 79% (95% CI = 69%-90%), respectively. In conclusion, CHOP-DICEP-BEAM is feasible and gave encouraging EFS and OS for patients with poor-prognosis aggressive NHL.     

经皮左心耳封堵术后器械相关血栓的研究进展

心房颤动（简称“房颤”）是临床上最常见的心律失常,房颤患者脑卒中的风险显著增加。作为口服抗凝药的替代治疗,经皮左心耳封堵术已成为预防房颤脑卒中的重要手段。器械相关血栓是左心耳封堵术后常见的并发症之一,也是目前临床关注的热点问题。本文拟对器械相关血栓的发生率、危险因素、预后及治疗等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Misdiagnosis of mitochondrial myopathies: a study of 12 thymectomized patients

INTRODUCTION: Myasthenia gravis and mitochondrial myopathies have common symptoms (fatigability, ophthalmoplegia) that could lead to diagnosis confusion. METHODS: We systematically reviewed medical history and ancillary investigations regarding 12 patients (7F/5M, mean age 47+/-14 years) having a mitochondrial myopathy but who were previously misdiagnosed as autoimmune myasthenia gravis and in whom a thymectomy was performed. RESULTS: Ocular palsy, ptosis and bulbar palsy were present in all patients. Limb fatigability was present in 9 cases. Symptoms were fluctuant but without remission. The misdiagnosis of myasthenia was based on the following arguments: 1) decremental EMG response (2 cases); 2) positive injectable anticholinesterase drugs test (3 cases); 3) partial response to oral anticholinesterase medications (2 cases); 4) AChR antibodies titer of 0.6 nM considered as positive (1 case). A multisystemic involvement was present in 5 patients: peripheral neuropathy (2 cases), deafness (2 cases), cardiopathy (3 cases), cerebellar involvement (2 cases) and myoclonia (1 case). The diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy (at a mean age of 38+/-12 years) has been certified on the results of muscle biopsy showing mitochondrial proliferation (12 cases) and deleted mitochondrial DNA (8 cases). CONCLUSIONS: In a patient presenting with oculomotor symptoms and muscle fatigability, progressive course and multisystemic involvement are major arguments for a mitochondrial myopathy. In the absence of relevant criteria arguing for Myasthenia Gravis (significant variability of muscle weakness, positive titer of anti-AChR or anti-MuSK antibodies, decremental EMG response), a muscle biopsy is required before indication of thymectomy to exclude a mitochondrial disease.     

Parts‐based representations of perceived face movements in the superior temporal sulcus

Facial motion is a primary source of social information about other humans. Prior fMRI studies have identified regions of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) that respond specifically to perceived face movements (termed fSTS), but little is known about the nature of motion representations in these regions. Here we use fMRI and multivoxel pattern analysis to characterize the representational content of the fSTS. Participants viewed a set of specific eye and mouth movements, as well as combined eye and mouth movements. Our results demonstrate that fSTS response patterns contain information about face movements, including subtle distinctions between types of eye and mouth movements. These representations generalize across the actor performing the movement, and across small differences in visual position. Critically, patterns of response to combined movements could be well predicted by linear combinations of responses to individual eye and mouth movements, pointing to a parts‐based representation of complex face movements. These results indicate that the fSTS plays an intermediate role in the process of inferring social content from visually perceived face movements, containing a representation that is sufficiently abstract to generalize across low‐level visual details, but still tied to the kinematics of face part movements.