The Improvement of Surgical Treatment for Patients with Gallbladder Cancer: Analysis of 208 Consecutive Cases Over the Past Decade

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine if there has been improvement in survival for patients with gallbladder cancer treated with surgical procedures.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients with gallbladder cancer admitted during the past 11?years was conducted. The patients were categorized into two periods: period 1, from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2005 (group 1, n?=?77); and period 2, from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 (group 2, n?=?131).

Results

The two groups have similar age, sex distribution, and symptoms. There were more patients with advanced stage in group 2 (P?=?0.001). And patients in group 2 were treated with more aggressive surgical procedures compared with group 1. Patients of group 2 had a better surgical outcomes and longer 5-year overall survival (9?% vs. 19?%, P?=?0.040) and disease-free survival (P?=?0.017). Median survival in group 1 was 14.7?months, while in group 2 it was 22.3?months. Patients underwent R0 resection in group 2 had better survival than that in group 1 (P?=?0.009), while they had similar survival for those who underwent non-R0 resection in both periods (P?=?0.108).

Conclusions

A significant improvement of disease-free survival and long-term survival results was observed in the past decade.     

食管引流型喉罩应用于全麻乳腺癌改良根治术的临床观察

目的探讨食管引流型喉罩应用于全麻下乳腺癌改良根治术中对麻醉质量影响的临床观察。方法选择在全麻下行乳腺癌改良根治术,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级、NYHAⅠ～Ⅱ级的患者90例,随机分为气管插管组(T组)和食管引流型喉罩组(P组),每组各45例。监测2组患者入室时(T0)、诱导插管时(T1)、插管后3 min(T2)、停麻醉药时(T3)、苏醒拔管时(T4)、苏醒拔管后15 min(T5)的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SPO2)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)等变化,并观察患者围手术期呼吸系统等及术后12 h、24 h、48 h的相关并发症。结果 (1)2组术中SPO2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)2组T0时SBP、DBP差异无统计学意义;2组T1时的SBP、DBP与T0比较均显著性降低(P<0.05),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T组T2、T4、T5时SBP、DBP与T0比较显著性升高(P<0.05),P组同时间点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T组T2、T4、T5时SBP、DBP与P组比较显著性升高(P<0.05);(3)2组T0时HR差异无统计学意义;2组HR在T1～T5与T0比较均显著性升高(P<0.05),T2、T4、T5时T组明显高于P组(P<0.05);(4)2组患者T2时PETCO2与T3～T5比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T组T2、T4、T5的PETCO2明显低于P组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(5)术后P组咽喉痛、声音嘶哑、咳嗽等并发症发生率低于T组(P<0.05)。结论食管引流型喉罩在全麻乳腺癌改良根治术中可提高围手术期麻醉质量,促进患者血流动力学稳定,减少围手术期并发症,比较适合于全麻乳腺癌改良根治术等短小手术中的应用。     

Combination of cryosurgery and Iodine-125 seeds brachytherapy for lung cancer

It has been proven that radioactive seeds such as Iodine-125 seeds implantation is a highly effective treatment for patients with localized cancer, such as lung cancer. It may increase the effectiveness of cryosurgery for lung cancer with the combination of Iodine-125 seed implantation into edge of the cryoablation zone. Percutaneous cryosurgery and Iodine-125 seed implantation are mutual complementation; both have been proved to be safe and effective modality for unresectable lung cancer, especially for centrally located lung cancer. Well-designed, randomized and control study both in the laboratory and in the clinical about this option are needed before the conclusive evidence submits.KEY WORDS : Lung cancer, cryosurgery, cryoablation, Iodine-125 seeds     

Cryosurgery for lung cancer

Cryosurgery is suited for patients with lung cancer who are not considered for lung resection because of the advanced stage of the disease or the patient's poor general condition or poor respiratory function and with tumor recurrence following radiotherapy, chemotherapy or lung resection, and those patients who have localized lung cancer but refuse to receive operative therapy. Procedures of cryosurgery for lung cancer can be performed through endobronchial, direct intrathoracic (at exploratory thoracotomy) or percutaneous routes depending upon location and size of tumor. Six hundred and twenty-five patients with Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received percutaneous cryoablation in Fuda Cancer Hospital Guangzhou, China. One hundred and fifty patients were followed-up for 12 to 38 months. Results showed that 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 64%, 45% and 32%, respectively. The adverse effects after cryosurgery of lung cancer include haemoptysis, pneumothorax, bloody thorax, pleural effusion and pulmonary infection which are generally mild, transient, and recovery with symptomatic management. In vitro studies have shown cryotherapy of lung cancer cells can improve the immune system to trigger the specific anti-tumor response. In the future, comparative studies between this modality and other therapies should be conducted for the treatment of lung cancer. In addition, more attention needs to be put on the immunomodulators that enhance the cryoimmunology.     

急性肺栓塞患者临床特点分析

目的回顾性分析急性肺栓塞（PTE）患者临床表现及辅助检查结果,进一步明确PTE患者临床特征。方法回顾北京军区总医院2000年1月～2011年12月间诊断急性PTE的患者143例,统计分析其临床特点,包括危险因素、临床表现体征以及实验室检查等。结果急性PTE的危险因素依次为术后卧床、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤;常见的临床表现为呼吸困难和胸闷气短;心电图多见窦性心动过速、非特异性ST-T改变、SIQIIITIII、胸前导联T波倒置;胸片多表现为肺部浸润影、右下肺动脉扩张、肺纹理稀疏等;其他常见阳性实验室结果为D-二聚体（D-dimmer）阳性占100%、低碳酸血症占90%、动脉低氧血症占88%以及白细胞升高占89%等。结论 PTE临床特征和实验室检查均无特异性,对于存在血液高凝状态的患者应警惕本病的发生。     

Establishment of an untransfected human corneal stromal cell line and its biocompatibility to acellular porcine corneal stroma

AIM: To establish an untransfected human corneal stromal (HCS) cell line and characterize its biocompatibility to acellular porcine corneal stroma (aPCS). METHODS: Primary culture was initiated with a pure population of HCS cells in DMEM/F12 media (pH 7.2) containing 20% fetal bovine serum and various necessary growth factors. The established cell line was characterized by growth property, chromosome analysis, tumorigenicity assay, expression of marker proteins and functional proteins. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of HCS cells with aPCS was examined through histological and immunocytochemistry analyses and with light, electron microscopies. RESULTS: HCS cells proliferated to confluence 2 weeks later in primary culture and have been subcultured to passage 140 so far. A continuous untransfected HCS cell line with a population doubling time of 41.44 hours at passage 80 has been determined. Results of chromosome analysis, morphology, combined with the results of expression of marker protein and functional proteins suggested that the cells retained HCS cell properties. Furthermore, HCS cells have no tumorigenicity, and with excellent biocompatibility to aPCS. CONCLUSION: An untransfected and non-tumorigenic HCS cell line has been established, and the cells maintained positive expression of marker proteins and functional proteins. The cell line, with excellent biocompatibility to aPCS, might be used for in vitro reconstruction of tissue-engineered HCS.