Contribution of CARD15 variants in determining susceptibility to Crohn's disease in Sweden

Objective. Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder caused by environmental and genetic factors. Mutations in the CARD15 gene have been associated with CD. No previous case-control CARD15 study has been performed in the Swedish population.

Material and methods. The study comprised of 321 individuals: 178 with CD and 143 healthy controls (HCs), all from Stockholm County. All were genotyped for the three main CD-associated CARD15 variants (R702W, G908R and 1007fs) and phenotypic associations were investigated.

Results. The allele frequencies of the R702W variant (4.5% CD versus 0.7% HC, p=0.008, OR?=?6.8) and the G908R variant (2.0% CD versus 0% HC, p=0.045) were more common in CD patients than in controls. No significant difference in1007fs variant allele frequency was found between CD patients and controls (2.0% CD versus 1.7% HC, p?=?0.8, OR?=?1.1). Carriage of CARD15 variants was more common in the CD patients than in controls (15.2% CD versus 4.2% HC, p?=?0.001, OR?=?4.1, population attributable risk (PAR)?=?11.4%). Genotype–phenotype analysis demonstrated that CARD15 variants were associated with ileal disease (p=0.0006, OR?=?9.3, CI?=?2.2–34) and protective for colonic CD (p?=?0.01, OR?=?0.18). An association between CARD15 variants and ileal CD (p=0.004, OR?=?6.6) was confirmed by multivariate analyses.

Conclusions. The CARD15 variants R702W and G908R, but not 1007fs, are associated with susceptibility to CD in Stockholm County. Genotype–phenotype analysis shows an association with ileal CD. The contribution of these CARD15 mutations in Swedish CD patients overall is low in relation to studies elsewhere in Central Europe and North America, but is consistent with emerging data from elsewhere in Scandinavia and in Northern Europe.     

石家庄市社区综合干预预防老年人跌倒的效果评价

目的 了解石家庄市社区老年人跌倒的发生情况,并评价预防老年人跌倒干预措施的效果。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法,于2012年随机抽取石家庄市桥西区维明社区60岁及以上、居住至少满1年的836名老年人作为调查对象,进行基线调查,然后每年对社区老年人进行预防跌倒的社区综合干预,2015年再次对相同社区老年人的跌倒情况进行随访调查。结果 干预后跌倒发生率（5.7%）低于干预前（11.6%）;干预后调查对象关于"跌倒可以预防","老年人选择老花镜时是否需要验光后购买","老年人跌倒后是否应该马上扶起"的知晓率均高于干预前（均有P<0.001）,干预后调查对象在预防跌倒相关行为中关于"采取措施预防跌倒","没有因为担心跌倒而减少自己的日常活动或运动"比例均高于干预前（均有P<0.001）。结论 对社区老年人实施社区综合干预能够提高老年人预防跌倒知识知晓率及相关行为比例,并能有效降低跌倒的发生率。