Learning to Observe Cognition, Mastery, and Control

On inpatient psychiatric units, intervening with children and adolescents' behaviors demands an understanding of how they take in and process information. The third paper focuses on assessment cues that will help inpatient staff decipher patients' deficits and strengths in information processing, self-efficacy, and inhibitory control. Each assessment area is explained in the context of the supporting cognitive, neurobiologic, and social-learning theory. Inpatient interventions consistent with the assessment are explained and illustrated with clinical applications.     

Zur Frage des Verlaufes der Hinterwurzelfasern des Rückenmarkes (Fall von Degeneration der Fasern des V. Lumbalwurzelpaares beim Menschen)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

R-on-T resulting in ventricular fibrillation post elective cardioversion: A case study

Elective cardioversion is a common and effective therapy for many atrial arrhythmias, however the procedure is not without risk. One risk from cardioversion is the R-on-T phenomenon. This article provides an overview of anatomy and physiology relating to R-on-T, a case of R-on-T following elective cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and important considerations for elective cardioversion in the emergency department environment.     

Adverse events in health care: a literature review

Aim  This paper aims to develop understanding of the nature, costs and strategies to reduce or prevent a range of adverse events experienced by people within the healthcare system.
Background  Care interventions are not always based on safe practice and adverse events can and do occur that cause or place at risk patients lives and well-being. The nature of adverse events is diverse and can be attributed to a multitude of individual and system contributory factors and causes.
Evaluation  A review of the literature was undertaken in 2006 and 2007 using the following databases: Pubmed, CINAHL, Biomed Ovid, Synergy and the British Nursing Index. This paper evaluates the literature that pertains to adverse events and seeks understanding of this complex issue.
Key issues  Published statistics confirm that globally, professional errors in clinical practice and care delivery occur at an unacceptably high level and result in considerable human and financial consequences.
Conclusion  Reaching understanding of the multiple factors that contribute to unsafe clinical practice situations requires a cultural shift in organizations.
Implication for Nursing Management  Reasons for adverse events are complex and require healthcare managers to evaluate the system issues which impact on the delivery and organization of care.     

Neurochemical Mechanisms of Consolidation of Associative Aversive Training to Food in the Common Snail

The effects of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and serotonin and NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists on the processes of consolidation of an associative skill consisting of refusing a particular foodstuff were studied in the common snail. When animals were trained on the background of cycloheximide, the skill was not acquired. Repeat training of “amnestic” snails to refuse the same food without the inhibitor also failed to produce the skill. Training of snails on the background of the nonselective serotonin receptor antagonist methiothepin or the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate) did not lead to acquisition of the conditioned reflex to food. However, on repeat training, the skill was formed more quickly. The studies included the first observation that using a single type of training, treatments addressing different molecular mechanisms evoke reversible or irreversible impairments to the mechanisms of consolidation of long-term memory. It is suggested that the reversible effect is associated with suppression of the processes of reproduction, while the irreversible effect is linked with impairment to engram storage.