全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11686篇 |
免费 | 974篇 |
国内免费 | 44篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 108篇 |
儿科学 | 285篇 |
妇产科学 | 256篇 |
基础医学 | 2102篇 |
口腔科学 | 149篇 |
临床医学 | 1305篇 |
内科学 | 2481篇 |
皮肤病学 | 239篇 |
神经病学 | 770篇 |
特种医学 | 442篇 |
外科学 | 1690篇 |
综合类 | 136篇 |
现状与发展 | 20篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 756篇 |
眼科学 | 153篇 |
药学 | 1050篇 |
中国医学 | 13篇 |
肿瘤学 | 747篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 107篇 |
2022年 | 69篇 |
2021年 | 180篇 |
2020年 | 164篇 |
2019年 | 210篇 |
2018年 | 297篇 |
2017年 | 262篇 |
2016年 | 242篇 |
2015年 | 280篇 |
2014年 | 347篇 |
2013年 | 478篇 |
2012年 | 578篇 |
2011年 | 532篇 |
2010年 | 329篇 |
2009年 | 355篇 |
2008年 | 484篇 |
2007年 | 483篇 |
2006年 | 453篇 |
2005年 | 411篇 |
2004年 | 394篇 |
2003年 | 342篇 |
2002年 | 322篇 |
2001年 | 332篇 |
2000年 | 327篇 |
1999年 | 319篇 |
1998年 | 158篇 |
1997年 | 127篇 |
1996年 | 158篇 |
1995年 | 111篇 |
1994年 | 123篇 |
1993年 | 108篇 |
1992年 | 242篇 |
1991年 | 239篇 |
1990年 | 281篇 |
1989年 | 288篇 |
1988年 | 265篇 |
1987年 | 225篇 |
1986年 | 238篇 |
1985年 | 245篇 |
1984年 | 176篇 |
1983年 | 162篇 |
1982年 | 92篇 |
1981年 | 80篇 |
1979年 | 110篇 |
1978年 | 87篇 |
1976年 | 67篇 |
1975年 | 75篇 |
1974年 | 99篇 |
1973年 | 91篇 |
1972年 | 70篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Karsten Nielsen Stein Meling Paulsen Preben Johansen 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1983,401(2):159-162
Summary A series of granular cell myoblastomas (GCM) and other benign and malignant tumours of soft tissue were examined for cytoplasmic content of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by the two-layer conjugated immunoperoxidase technique. Using a commercial rabbit anti-CEA serum only granular cell myoblastomas showed positive cytoplasmic reaction. Pretreatment with periodic acid made this reaction less intense, but when the commercial rabbit anti-CEA serum was absorbed with tissue powder from normal human spleen the positive reaction was totally abolished. It is concluded that the positivity of GCM for CEA using commercial rabbit anti-CEA serum is due to the content of non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and maybe other cross-reacting glycoproteins in this tumour, and not to CEA as claimed in a previous study. 相似文献
82.
83.
P. M. T. Deen Søren Nielsen René J. M. Bindels Carel H. van Os 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1997,433(6):780-787
Aquaporin-1 is present in the apical and basolateral membranes in proximal tubules and descending limbs of Henlé’s loop.
In order to be able to study the routing of Aquaporin-1 and the regulation of Aquaporin-1-mediated transcellular water flow,
we stably transfected LLC-PK1 and MDCK-HRS cell lines with an Aquaporin-1 expression construct. LLC-PK1 clone 7 and MDCK clone K integrated two and one copies, respectively, which was reflected in the amount of Aquaporin-1 mRNA expressed in both clones. The Aquaporin-1 protein levels, however, were similar. In both clones, immuno-electronmicroscopy
showed extensive labelling of Aquaporin-1 on the basolateral plasma membrane, endosomal vesicles and the apical plasma membrane,
including the microvilli. To measure transcellular water permeation, a simple method was applied using phenol-red as a cell-impermeant
marker of concentration. In contrast to the native cell lines, both clones revealed a high transcellular osmotic water permeability,
which could not be influenced by forskolin add/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) or the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl 13-acetate (TPA). After glutaraldehyde fixation, it was inhibitable by HgCl2. These results indicate that targeting of Aquaporin-1 to the apical and basolateral plasma membrane is independent of cell
type and show for the first time that water flow through a cultured epithelium can be blocked by mercurial compounds.
Received: 9 October 1996 / Received after revision: 3 January 1997 / Accepted: 8 January 1997 相似文献
84.
Circulating immune complexes in ulcerative colitis.--II. Correlation with serum protein concentrations and complement conversion products 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Several serum proteins were quantified in twenty-two patients with active ulcerative colitis, and the findings were related to disease activity and occurrence of circulating immune complexes (IC). Conversion of C3 was significantly more frequent in the IC-positive group (eight patients) as compared to the IC-negative group (fourteen patients). Factor B was demonstrable in fifteen out of the twenty-two patients and seven out of the eight IC-positive patients had detectable levels of factor B. There was no difference between the IC-positive and the IC-negative group as regards serum concentrations of the complement factors C3, C4 and factor B, or serum orosomucoid, albumin, IgM and IgG. In contrast, the serum IgA levels tended to be reduced in the IC-positive group. C3 and factor B were significantly elevated in four patients with severe disease activity. In addition, C3, factor B and C4 concentrations showed a positive correlation to the serum orosomucoid levels. The serum concentrations of orosomucoid and albumin were inversely correlated to each other. 相似文献
85.
86.
Svendsen UG, Frølund L, Heinig JH, Madsen F, Nielsen NH, Weeke B. High-dose inhaled steroids in the management of asthma. A comparison of the effects of budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate on pulmonary function, symptoms, bronchial responsiveness and the adrenal function.
The efficacy of budesonide (800 μg b.d.) and beclomethasone dipropionate (750 μg b.d.) in controlling the symptoms of asthma, pulmonary function, bronchial responsiveness to histamine, and adrenal function, was assessed in a double-blind, double-dummy cross-over study of 36 adult chronic asthmatic patients. The patients, the majority of whom were assessed to be affected to a severe degree, were insufficiently controlled in their current regimen of inhaled steroids and/or inhaled and oral bronchodilators. A 2 weeks baseline period preceded 6 weeks of treatment with each of the study drugs. Both treatment groups showed improvements from baseline in clinical assessment of lung function carried out after the first 6 weeks of treatment. No significant differences were seen throughout the entire 12 weeks study, when comparing the effects of the treatments on FEV1 FVC, PEF or the histamine PC20 . Asthma severity, symptom score and inhaled bronchodilator use showed the same results after both treatments. It is concluded that inhalations of budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate in high doses are equally potent in the treatment of severe asthma. There is no significant influence on the adrenal function and no significant side effects during a period equal to that of the present study. 相似文献
The efficacy of budesonide (800 μg b.d.) and beclomethasone dipropionate (750 μg b.d.) in controlling the symptoms of asthma, pulmonary function, bronchial responsiveness to histamine, and adrenal function, was assessed in a double-blind, double-dummy cross-over study of 36 adult chronic asthmatic patients. The patients, the majority of whom were assessed to be affected to a severe degree, were insufficiently controlled in their current regimen of inhaled steroids and/or inhaled and oral bronchodilators. A 2 weeks baseline period preceded 6 weeks of treatment with each of the study drugs. Both treatment groups showed improvements from baseline in clinical assessment of lung function carried out after the first 6 weeks of treatment. No significant differences were seen throughout the entire 12 weeks study, when comparing the effects of the treatments on FEV
87.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (disodium salt)-labile bovine immunoglobulin M Fc binding to Brucella abortus: a cause of nonspecific agglutination. 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
It was demonstrated by a radioimmunoassay procedure that Brucella abortus agglutinins from noninfected cattle sera, absorbed to B. abortus antigen and eluted with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), was immunoglobulin M that bound to that bacterium by its Fc portion. The EDTA-eluted immunoglobulin M agglutinated intact B. abortus cells but not erythrocytes treated with B. abortus lipopolysaccharide. The specificity of the EDTA-eluted immunoglobulin was for B. abortus, although a small titer to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 was observed. In contrast, immunoglobulin M purified from the serum of a cow injected 7 days previously with heat-killed B. abortus bound to the antigen by its Fab portion, was not labile to EDTA treatment, cross-reacted extensively with Y. enterocolitica serotype O:9, and agglutinated various other bacterial antigens and normal erythrocytes. 相似文献
88.
Anaerobic and aerobic skin bacteria before and after skin-disinfection with chlorhexidine: an experimental study in volunteers. 下载免费PDF全文
The amount, composition, and localization of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria in the normal skin before and after disinfection were the subject of a volunteer study. The superficial bacterial flora were sampled by velvet pad imprints, and the deep flora were determined from whole skin biopsies. Only one anaerobic species, Propionebacterium acnes, was encountered even though other and more strict anaerobic bacteria could have been grown with the anaerobic technique employed. Staphylococcus albus dominated among the aerobic superficial bacteria, while diphtheroids, Micrococcus spp., and lactobacilli occurred sporadically. The deep aerobic bacteria were present in a significantly greater amount than the anaerobic. A two-step cleansing/disinfection procedure was evaluated in vivo in volunteers as well as in surgical patients, and aqueous cetrimide/chlorhexidine (Savlon) followed by chlorhexidine in alcohol (Hibitane) almost eradicated both the superficial and deep anaerobic and aerobic skin flora. 相似文献
89.
Anders Rinnov Nielsen Remi Mounier Peter Plomgaard Ole Hartvig Mortensen Milena Penkowa Tobias Speerschneider Henriette Pilegaard Bente Klarlund Pedersen 《The Journal of physiology》2007,584(1):305-312
The cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15) has been demonstrated to have anabolic effects in cell culture systems. We tested the hypothesis that IL-15 is predominantly expressed by type 2 skeletal muscle fibres, and that resistance exercise regulates IL-15 expression in muscle. Triceps brachii, vastus lateralis quadriceps and soleus muscle biopsies were obtained from normally physically active, healthy, young male volunteers ( n = 14), because these muscles are characterized by having different fibre-type compositions. In addition, healthy, normally physically active male subjects ( n = 8) not involved in any kind of resistance exercise underwent a heavy resistance exercise protocol that stimulated the vastus lateralis muscle and biopsies were obtained from this muscle pre-exercise as well as 6, 24 and 48 h post-exercise. IL-15 mRNA levels were twofold higher in the triceps (type 2 fibre dominance) compared with the soleus muscle (type 1 fibre dominance), but Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that muscle IL-15 protein content did not differ between triceps brachii, quadriceps and soleus muscles. Following resistance exercise, IL-15 mRNA levels were up-regulated twofold at 24 h of recovery without any changes in muscle IL-15 protein content or plasma IL-15 at any of the investigated time points. In conclusion, IL-15 mRNA level is enhanced in skeletal muscles dominated by type 2 fibres and resistance exercise induces increased muscular IL-15 mRNA levels. IL-15 mRNA levels in skeletal muscle were not paralleled by similar changes in muscular IL-15 protein expression suggesting that muscle IL-15 may exist in a translationally inactive pool. 相似文献
90.
During orthostatic hypotension we evaluated whether presyncopal symptoms relate to a reduced brain oxygenation. Nine subjects performed 50° head-up tilt for 1 h and eight subjects were followed during 2 h of supine rest and during 1 h of 10° head-down tilt. Cerebral perfusion was assessed by transcranial Doppler determined middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCA vmean), while brain blood oxygenation was assessed by near-infrared spectrophotometry determined concentration changes for oxygenated (ΔHbO2) and deoxygenated haemoglobin and brain cell oxygenation by the oxidized cytochrome c concentration (ΔCytO2). During head-up tilt, six volunteers developed presyncopal symptoms and mean arterial pressure (88 (78–103) to 68 (57–79) mmHg; median and range), heart rate (96 (72–111) to 65 (50–107) beats min?1), MCA vmean (59 (51–82) to 41 (29–56) cm s?1), ΔHbO2 (by ?5.3 (?3.0 to ?14.8) μmol l?1) and ΔCytO2 were reduced (by ?0.2 (?0.1 to ?0.4) μmol l?1; P < 0.05). During tilt down the cardiovascular variables recovered immediately and ΔHbO2 increased to 2.2 (?0.9–12.0) mmol L?1 above the resting value and also ΔCytO2 recovered. In the nonsyncopal head-up tilted subjects as in the controls, blood pressure, heart rate, MCA vmean and brain oxygenation indices remained stable. The results suggest that during orthostasis, presyncopal symptoms relate not only to cerebral hypoperfusion but also to reduced brain oxygenation. 相似文献