Glucocorticoids Decrease Hippocampal and Prefrontal Activation during Declarative Memory Retrieval in Young Men

Glucocorticoids (GCs, cortisol in human) are associated with impairments in declarative memory retrieval. Brain regions hypothesized to mediate these effects are the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Our aim was to use fMRI in localizing the effects of GCs during declarative memory retrieval. Therefore, we tested memory retrieval in 21 young healthy males in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover design. Participants encoded word lists containing neutral and emotional words 1 h prior to ingestion of 20 mg hydrocortisone. Memory retrieval was tested using an old/new recognition paradigm in a rapid event-related design. It was found that hydrocortisone decreased brain activity in both the hippocampus and PFC during successful retrieval of neutral words. These observations are consistent with previous animal and human studies suggesting that glucocorticoids modulate both hippocampal and prefrontal brain regions that are crucially involved in memory processing. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Paraneoplastic movement disorder in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and CRMP-5 autoantibody.

The paraneoplastic autoantibody, collapsin response-mediator protein (CRMP)-5 immunoglobulin G (IgG), is specific for neuronal cytoplasmic CRMP-5, and is usually associated with small-cell lung carcinoma or thymoma. We report on details of a movement disorder that followed anti-B-cell therapy in a patient with lymphoma, and was accompanied by CRMP-5 IgG.     

Effects of ami-25 on liver vessels and tumors on T1-weighted turbo-field-echo images: Implications for tumor characterization

This study was devoted to tumor differentiation in liver MR T1-weighted imaging with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO). Twenty-one patients with 40 liver lesions were studied at 1.5 T. Before and at least 45 minutes after SPIO administration, turbo-field-echo (TFE) T1-weighted, TFE T1 × T2*-weighted (MXT), and fat-suppressed turbo-spin-echo T2-weighted images were acquired. A quantitative analysis was performed blindly. On TFE T1-weighted images, the signal enhancement was ?33% ± 12 for the liver, ?24% ± 2 for adenomas and focal nodular hyperplasia, +60% ± 33 for the hemangiomas; metastases and cyst enhancement were not significant. After SPIO on TFE T1-weighted images, the hemangioma-to-liver signal ratio (149% ± 18) was definitely higher than the mean metastasis-to-liver signal ratio (90% ± 16). This T1-related differentiation ability lacked dramatically on TFE MXT images and, in one case, was reduced on post-SPIO TFE T1-weighted images by a long imaging delay after SPIO administration (2 hours).     

Astigmatism and visual recovery after phacoemulsification and conventional extracapsular cataract extraction

In this study we wanted to investigate the post-operative astigmatism and visual acuity after phacoemulsification and conventional extracapsular cataract surgery. Patients operated between April and June 1993 (n=150) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were examined prior to surgery and at day 1, at day 10, and in week 6 post-operatively. The difference between the post-operative log mean visual acuity in the Phaco group and in the CECCE group was significant after 1 and 10 days, however it was not significant (p=0.191) after 6 weeks. The mean astigmatism was significantly less in the Phaco group than in the CECCE group during the whole post-operative check-up period. This study suggests that Phaco results in a lower post-operative astigmatism and an earlier visual rehabilitation compared to the CECCE technique.Abbreviations Phaco Phacoemulsification - CECCE Conventional extracapsular cataract extraction     

Recommendations for participation in leisure-time physical activity and competitive sports of patients with arrhythmias and potentially arrhythmogenic conditions. Part II: ventricular arrhythmias, channelopathies and implantable defibrillators.

This consensus paper on behalf of the Study Group on Sports Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology follows a previous one on guidelines for sports participation in competitive and recreational athletes with supraventricular arrhythmias and pacemakers. The question of imminent life-threatening arrhythmias is especially relevant when some form of ventricular rhythm disorder is documented, or when the patient is diagnosed to have inherited a pro-arrhythmogenic disorder. Frequent ventricular premature beats or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia may be a hallmark of underlying pathology and increased risk. Their finding should prompt a thorough cardiac evaluation, including both imaging modalities and electrophysiological techniques. This should allow distinguishing idiopathic rhythm disorders from underlying disease that carries a more ominous prognosis. Recommendations on sports participation in inherited arrhythmogenic conditions and asymptomatic gene carriers are also discussed: congenital and acquired long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and other familial electrical disease of unknown origin. If an implantable cardioverter defibrillator is indicated, it is no substitute for the guidelines relating to the underlying pathology. Moreover, some particular recommendations for patients/athletes with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator are to be observed.     

Fertilization and early embrology: Monozygotic twinning in the human is associated with the zona pellucida architecture

Six cases of identical twin pregnancies which occurred in 2163cycles of in-vitro fertilization during a 3 year period arereported. Monozygosity was confirmed when the number of fetusesexceeded the number of embryos replaced (n = 4) or when twoconcepti were observed in a single amniotic sac (n = 2). Eachof the reported pregnancies resulted from replacement of embryoseither with naturally thin zonae pellucida or embryos whosezonae had been breached during micromanipulation for assistedfertilization (subzonal sperminsertion) or assisted hatching.That such cases exclusively gave rise to monozygosity suggestsa link between the physical state of the zona pellucida, hatching,and generation of identical twins.     

Endogenous and recombinant erythropoietin levels decline in human amniotic fluid and fetal plasma in vitro at 37 degrees C.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the in vitro stability of endogenous and recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) incubated at 37 degrees C in amniotic fluid (AF) and fetal plasma. STUDY DESIGN: Endogenous and recombinant EPO in AF, fetal plasma and phosphate buffer were incubated in vitro for 21 days at 37 degrees C. Serial aliquots were analyzed for EPO and the rates of EPO decline were compared within and between groups. RESULTS: Endogenous and recombinant EPO declined significantly in plasma and AF at 37 degrees C. Endogenous EPO displayed a similar linear rate of decline in AF and plasma, with nearly 70% of the initial hormone concentration remaining at 21 days. Recombinant EPO incubated in buffer did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Using the rate of decline in endogenous EPO we observed, EPO levels measured in AF or plasma within 21 days of fetal demise can be extrapolated back to the level likely present at fetal death.     

Fast method for 1D non-cartesian parallel imaging using GRAPPA.

MRI with non-Cartesian sampling schemes can offer inherent advantages. Radial acquisitions are known to be very robust, even in the case of vast undersampling. This is also true for 1D non-Cartesian MRI, in which the center of k-space is oversampled or at least sampled at the Nyquist rate. There are two main reasons for the more relaxed foldover artifact behavior: First, due to the oversampling of the center, high-energy foldover artifacts originating from the center of k-space are avoided. Second, due to the non-equidistant sampling of k-space, the corresponding field of view (FOV) is no longer well defined. As a result, foldover artifacts are blurred over a broad range and appear less severe. The more relaxed foldover artifact behavior and the densely sampled central k-space make trajectories of this type an ideal complement to autocalibrated parallel MRI (pMRI) techniques, such as generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA). Although pMRI can benefit from non-Cartesian trajectories, this combination has not yet entered routine clinical use. One of the main reasons for this is the need for long reconstruction times due to the complex calculations necessary for non-Cartesian pMRI. In this work it is shown that one can significantly reduce the complexity of the calculations by exploiting a few specific properties of k-space-based pMRI.     

Cervical metastases of microcystic adnexal carcinoma in an otherwise healthy woman

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare cutaneous neoplasm characterized by slow but locally aggressive growth, which normally does not lead to systemic metastasis. Frequent local recurrences are reported, which are most likely due to insufficient operative technique. We present the fourth case of cervical ipsilateral metastatic microcystic adnexal carcinoma in an otherwise healthy woman. The patient presented with a previously diagnosed but not completely resected microcystic adnexal carcinoma in the area of the right posterior scalp and two palpable ipsilateral lymph nodes. The tumor was resected using intraoperative snap frozen histological evaluation of the resection borders. In the same procedure two lymph nodes were resected from the right neck. The lymph nodes were histologically assessed and showed infiltration by small strains of tumor cells. After exclusion of a second primary tumor, e.g., mammary carcinoma, as the cause for cervical lymph node metastases, we performed a modified radical neck dissection with resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the accessory nerve, which was histologically proven to be perineurally infiltrated by tumor cells. In this second procedure the histological evaluation of the specimen showed no sign of remaining tumor infiltration. After exclusion of distant metastasis the patient was irradiated with 60 Gy. The patient is well 1 year after the initial treatment without signs of recurrence.     

Sex,stress, and health: Does stress predict health symptoms differently for the two sexes?

Objectives: Previous studies have been inconsistent with regard to the extent to which stress perception, rather than stressor exposure, predicts negative health symptoms. Because sex differences have been observed in all three of these variables, in this study the possibility that sex differences also exist in the relationships between them is investigated. Methods: Self‐report inventories of perceived stress, stressor exposure, and negative health symptoms were given to 107 young‐adult participants (65 females, 42 males). Results: Sex differences were observed in the associations among perceived stress, stressor exposure, and negative health symptom rates. Specifically, while higher perceived stress and higher stressor exposure rates independently predicted higher negative health symptoms rates in females, only higher stressor exposure rates independently predicted higher negative health symptoms in males. Indeed, unexpectedly, after controlling for exposure to stressors there was a trend towards higher perceived stress predicting lower negative health symptoms in males. Conclusions: While exposure to stress was a significant negative predictor of health for both sexes, perception of stress was predictive only for females. One implication of this finding is that different psychological models are needed to predict health symptoms in the two sexes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.