Nutrient intakes of whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans in southeast Texas

Ethnic groups in the United States exhibit different patterns of cardiovascular disease and cancer morbidity and mortality. This has, in part, been attributed to differences in dietary intake. However, there is limited comparative information available regarding the dietary patterns of whites, blacks, and Hispanics residing in the same geographic area. Selected nutrient intakes were obtained by an interviewer-administered 24-hr dietary recall from 231 white, 102 black, and 98 Mexican-American persons residing in the same communities in Southeast Texas. Mean caloric intakes were highest for whites, followed by Mexican Americans and blacks. Mexican Americans had carbohydrate intakes that were significantly higher, but total fat intakes that were significantly lower, than those of whites. Blacks of both sexes had the highest cholesterol intakes and black males had the highest saturated fat intakes. Neither was significantly higher than that of whites or Mexican Americans. Overall, the mean vitamin A and C values were highest for blacks and lowest for whites, although the differences were not statistically significant. Mean calcium and phosphorus intakes were significantly higher for whites compared with those for blacks and Mexican Americans. Blacks had significantly lower mean fiber values than whites or Mexican Americans. International ethnic differences in disease distribution have long been used to provide clues to etiologic factors. National ethnic differences in disease distribution related to dietary intake can further elucidate these causative and/or preventive factors. However, to do so will require additional attention to dietary methodology of the type presented here.     

程序升温毛细管气相色谱的精油成分保留指数研究

本文采用线性程序升温毛细管气相色谱法对200多种天然存在和人工合成的挥发油、香精成分,分别在极性柱(DB-WAX)和非极性柱(DB-1)上进行了Kovats保留指数的测定。归纳了部分化合物的保留指数规律;考察了气体平均线速,程序初温及升温速率对保留指数的影响。并结合我们所开发的色谱数据库管理系统进行了香精的定性分析。     

西立伐他汀和普伐他汀治疗高胆固醇血症患者疗效比较

目的 :探讨西立伐他汀及普伐他汀对高胆固醇血症患者疗效及安全性。方法 :15 0例高胆固醇血症患者随机分为两组 :西立伐他汀组 75例和普伐他汀组 75例 ,治疗 8周后观察血脂变化和安全性 ,并加以比较。结果 :两种药物均可显著降低总胆固醇 (TC) ,血甘油三酯 (TG) ,低密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (LDL C) ,并可升高高密度胆蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C) ,而两药的不良反应无显著差异。结论 :西立伐他汀具有显著的降脂作用 ,在调脂的同时并可抑制血小板活性 ,改善胰岛素抵抗。     

Bioactivity of compounds isolated from the leaves of the Lantana camara Linn plant

Two compounds with different bioactivitieswere isolated from the leaves of the Lantana camara Linn plant. Compound 1wastriterpenoid (Lantadene B)(22β-dimethylacroyloxy-3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic-acid, C₃₅H₅₂O₅), which was isolatedfrom n-hexane fraction and obtained as white solid (amorphous). Compound 2was glycosideflavonoid (5-hydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyflavon-7-O-glucopyranose, C₂₃H₂₄O₁₁), which was isolated from ethyl acetate and obtained as pale yellow solid (amorphous). Extraction was performed withmaceration method using methanol solvent. Subsequently, fractionation was carried out using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Isolation and purification of both fractions were conductedusing chromatography method. The structure of the isolated compounds was determined throughspectralanalyses of ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR), distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT), heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity (HMBC), heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC), and H-H COSY (¹H-¹H homonuclear correlatedspectroscopy). The cytotoxic activity of compound 1 was tested against MCF-7 breast cancer cellsin vitro using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), showing very strong cytotoxic activity in inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and the IC₅₀ value was 1.1336 µM. The antioxidant activity of compound 2 was tested using DPPH assay (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), showing strong activity in inhibiting free radicals, and its IC₅₀ value was 71.03 mg/L.     

Isolated Systolic Hypertension and its Determinants - A Cross-sectional Study in the Adult Population of Lucknow District in North India

Objectives:

1) To determine the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in the adult population of Lucknow district. 2) To study the determinants of ISH especially the relationship with age.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected areas of Lucknow district. A total of 800 subjects, aged 20 years and above, 400 from urban and 400 from rural area of Lucknow district were included in the study. The statistical tools used for analysis were Pearson''s Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.

Results:

The prevalence of ISH according to JNC-7 criteria was 4.3%, which was 5.1% in men and 3.6% in women. A significant increase in the prevalence of ISH was seen with an increase in age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the determinants showed that age, BMI and smoking were significant independent risk factors of ISH.

Conclusions:

Given the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with ISH, the findings of this study emphasize the need for further research to document the impact of modifiable risk factors of ISH and the effect of hypertension screening and specific health promotion in bringing down the burden of ISH and related cardiovascular morbidity.     

Nutritional status of children in Nepal, 1975.

Using a random start, fixed interval method of population proportionate sampling, the survey teams visited 219 villages in rural Nepal and collected data on height, weight, and age from 6501 preschool children. During training and at specific times during the survey, systematic standardization methods were utilized to improve the quality of the collected data. Using 80% of the reference median weight-for-height as the cut-off point, the prevalence of acute undernutrition was 6.7%. Using 90% of the reference median height-for-age as the cut-off point, the prevalence of chronic undernutrition was 52%. The prevalence of chronic undernutrition was significantly higher in the hilly areas. Mean haemoglobin values of blood samples collected from one-fifth of the survey population increased with age with no difference between hill and terai areas. A Nepal urban elite population was measured for comparison. The survey method used indicators that are economical in terms of money, time, and personnel and that provide objective data on the extent and distribution of protein/energy undernutrition and of low haemoglobin values in preschool children.     

The use of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid linoleate levels as a screening test for malabsorption

Thirty-six patients with steatorrhea (fecal fat > 7 g/24 hr) and 20 control cases were studied. Fecal fat quantitation and plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid linoleic acid levels were determined. Thirty-four of the 36 patients with steatorrhea had erythrocyte phospholipid linoleate levels below 11% (linoleate/total fatty acid × 100) and 31 of the 36 had plasma phospholipid linoleate below 20%. Sixteen of the 20 normals had erythrocyte phospholipid linoleate above 11% and 15 of the 20 had plasma phospholipid linoleate above 20%. The results suggest the applicability of erythrocyte and plasma phospholipid linoleate determinations as a screening test for fat malabsorption.