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151.
ABSTRACT: Context: Identifying ways to meet the health care needs of older adults is important because their numbers are increasing and they often have more health care issues. High resilience level may be one factor that helps older adults adjust to the hardships associated with aging. Rural community-dwelling older adults often face unique challenges such as limited access to health care resources. Purpose: To determine the resilience level of rural community-dwelling older adults and to determine if socio-demographic factors, social networks, and health status are associated with resilience. Methods: Data were collected from 106 registered voters, aged 65 years or over from a rural area in New York State using a cross- sectional design. The instruments used in the study include the Resiliency Scale, the SF-12v2, and the Lubben Social Network Scale-Revised. Findings: The mean resilience level of the sample was high. Resilience was not correlated with any of the socio-demographic factors which included gender, age, income, education, marital, and employment status. There was a weak positive correlation between social networks and resilience levels of rural older adults. Both physical and mental health status were positively correlated with resilience. In a regression model, mental health status was the strongest predictor of resilience levels. Conclusion: If low resilience levels are identified in rural community-dwelling older adults, interventions to build resilience may be helpful in promoting independence; however, further research is needed to determine this. 相似文献
152.
Edward Colt MD George Gorich MD Stephen Quinnan MD Ramona Raj MD John Thornton PhD Brenda Matti MD Richard Pierson Jr MD Eileen Quinlan NP 《Journal of ultrasound in medicine》2009,28(3):337-343
Objective. This study examined quantitative heel ultrasonography (QUS), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) levels, and urine amino‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX‐I) levels in patients with a recent osteoporotic hip fracture to see whether they were clinically useful. Methods. Stiffness index (SI) T scores from QUS, 25‐OHD levels, and urine NTX‐I levels were obtained in 53 female and 32 male patients with hip fractures. Sixty‐five female patients and 5 male patients attending our geriatric clinic were used for comparison. Results. The SI T scores of the hip fracture patients were less than those of the geriatric clinic patients. The difference was significant in female patients (P = .0001) but not in male patients (P = .1). Serum levels of 25‐OHD were less than 28 ng/mL in 50 of 59 patients and less than 5 ng/mL in 2 patients. Levels of urine NTX‐I were variable and were not correlated with other parameters. Conclusions. Patients who have had a hip fracture have a low SI determined by QUS; this is easy to perform, and it provides a baseline T score from which to assess treatment effects. Most of these patients are vitamin D deficient, and measurement of the 25‐OHD level would enable physicians to prescribe an appropriate dose of vitamin D. Urine NTX‐I measured shortly after a hip fracture is not clinically helpful. 相似文献
153.
Kathleen J. Sawin DNS RN CPNP FAAN Melissa H. Bellin PhD MSW LCSW Gayle Roux PhD RN NP‐C Constance F. Buran DNS RN NE‐BC Timothy J. Brei MD FAAP 《Rehabilitation nursing》2009,34(1):26-38
It is essential for youth with chronic health conditions like spina bifida (SB) to develop self‐management skills to combat vulnerability, achieve self‐sufficiency, and transition to adulthood. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the experience of self‐management in 31 adolescent women with SB. Three themes emerged from this study: (1) opportunities to engage in self‐management activities—knowledge, skills, and aspirations; (2) dance of individuation—parental impact on self‐management; and (3) advocacy within self‐management—confronting discrimination and stigma. The findings indicate that assessment and interventions to enhance self‐management in adolescent women with SB are critical for supporting the range of condition‐related and life skills needed for a transition to adulthood and independent living. 相似文献
154.
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156.
Tona L Ngimbi NP Tsakala M Mesia K Cimanga K Apers S De Bruyne T Pieters L Totté J Vlietinck AJ 《Journal of ethnopharmacology》1999,68(1-3):193-203
Twenty extracts including ten EtOH and ten CH2Cl2 from different parts of nine African medicinal plants used in Congolese traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, were submitted to a pharmacological test in order to evaluate their effect on P. falciparum growth in vitro. Of these plant species, 14 (70%) extracts including EtOH and CH2Cl2 from Cassia occidentalis leaves, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root bark, Euphorbia hirta whole plant, Garcinia kola stem bark and seeds, Morinda lucida leaves and Phyllanthus niruri whole plant produced more than 60% inhibition of the parasite growth in vitro at a test concentration of 6 microg/ml. Extracts from E. hirta, C. sanguinolenta and M. morindoides showed a significant chemosuppression of parasitaemia in mice infected with P. berghei berghei at orally given doses of 100-400 mg/kg per day. 相似文献
157.
Methyl-hydroxylated metabolites of the potent carcinogen, 7,12-
dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), namely, 7-hydroxymethyl-12-
methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-OH-DMBA), 7-methyl-12-
hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (12-OH-DMBA) and 7,12-
dihydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12-diOH-DMBA), were examined as
substrates for sulfotransferase bioactivation in different human tissue
cytosols. Hepatic cytosols, which were able to catalyze the 3'-
phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)-dependent DNA binding of 7-OH-
DMBA, 12-OH-DMBA and 7,12-diOH-DMBA, were highly sensitive to inhibition by
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a specific substrate for human DHEA-steroid
sulfotransferase (IC50 = 5 microM). By comparison,
2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol, a potent inhibitor of the thermostable (TS)-
phenol and estrogen sulfotransferases, did not have an appreciable
inhibitory effect. Neither p-nitrophenol, a high affinity substrate for
human TS-phenol and estrogen sulfotransferases, nor dopamine, a specific
substrate for the thermolabile (TL)-phenol sulfotransferase, significantly
inhibited the DNA binding of 12-OH-DMBA catalyzed by hepatic cytosols.
Inter-subject variation (n = 12) of the PAPS- dependent DNA binding of
12-OH- and 7,12-diOH-DMBAs also correlated well with DHEA-sulfotransferase
activity (r = 0.90; P < 0.00001 and r = 0.92; P < 0.00001,
respectively). This sulfation-dependent metabolic activation was not
detected in cytosols from human colon, pancreas, larynx or mammary gland.
Both TS- and TL-phenol sulfotransferases were active in human liver and
colon but only liver contained DHEA- sulfotransferase activity. These
results indicate that the sulfotransferase-mediated activation of the
methyl-hydroxylated DMBAs is predominantly catalyzed by DHEA-steroid
sulfotransferase in human liver and that TS- and TL-phenol
sulfotransferases and estrogen sulfotransferase are not involved in the
catalysis.
相似文献
158.
The optimal regimen for investigating children with urinary tract infection (UTI) remains uncertain. Ultrasonography, contrast micturating cystourethrography (MCU), intravenous urography (IVU), and technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) studies were performed in 58 children with UTI under 14 years of age attending two teaching hospitals and the results compared. All four investigations were normal in 12 children. In 36 with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) on MCU, dilatation was reported on ultrasonography in eight children. Radiological renal scarring was seen in 20 children; it was suspected on ultrasonography in nine, with dilatation alone in four, and a normal report in seven. Duplex kidneys identified on IVU were unrecognised on ultrasonography or DMSA studies; ultrasonography showed no change corresponding to presumed acute defects on DMSA studies that later resolved. Disparities were observed at all ages. This study suggests that ultrasonography is unreliable in detecting VUR, renal scarring, or inflammatory change and, alone, is inadequate for investigating UTI in children. 相似文献
159.
Naysmith TE; Blake DA; Harvey VJ; Johnson NP 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(11):3250-3255
This study was designed to assess the effect of cancer treatments on the
natural and assisted reproductive potential of men. A cohort of men with
cancer, in whom radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy was planned, were invited
to participate. Twenty-two pre- and post-treatment semen samples were
analysed. The reproductive potential of participants was assessed with
respect to the current range of fertility treatment options available.
Abnormal sperm concentrations were found in 27% of patients pre-treatment
compared to 68% post-treatment following a mean latency of 20 months from
treatment. Fifty-nine percent of patients experienced a clinically
significant decrease in sperm, concentration following radiotherapy and/or
chemotherapy; 23% developed azoospermia following treatment. Eighty-two
percent of patients with testicular malignancy had oligo- or azoospermia
post-treatment. Only one patient had a clinically significant reduction in
the percentage of motile spermatozoa post-treatment. Cryopreservation of
semen prior to treatment improved the fertility prospects of 55% of
patients. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) enhanced the fertility
prospects of a further 14%. In the absence of, or after depletion of,
cryopreserved semen, ICSI could enhance the fertility prospects of 45% of
patients. Fertilization has been achieved by ICSI using spermatozoa
retrieved by testicular biopsy from an azoospermic testicular cancer
survivor 8 years after chemotherapy. It was concluded that chemotherapy
and/or radiotherapy may depress semen concentration to the extent of
rendering a man infertile. The severity of the reduction in sperm
concentration following treatment is unpredictable but likely to be most
severe in those with testicular malignancy and those treated with
radiotherapy or alkylating chemotherapy agents. Not all men are keen to
undergo an appraisal of their post-treatment fertility potential, for
reasons which are unclear. Improving awareness and education of patients
concerning the effects of both cancer and cancer treatments on reproductive
potential is essential. With the advent of ICSI, it is possible to offer a
very reasonable chance of conception in all men with cancer who present for
cryopreservation of semen prior to treatment in whom spermatozoa (even in
very low concentrations) are present in the ejaculate.
相似文献
160.
Follistatin and activin A in extra-embryonic coelomic and amniotic fluids and maternal serum in early pregnancy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Riley SC; Balfour C; Wathen NC; Chard T; Evans LW; Groome NP; Wallace EM 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(9):2624-2628
Follistatin is a specific binding protein which controls bioavailability of
activins and inhibins which have an important role in fetal development. In
the first trimester of pregnancy bioactive dimeric inhibins are found at
high concentrations in the extra- embryonic coelomic fluid, but the
distribution of follistatin and activins is not known. We have used
recently developed immunoassays for follistatin, activin A and activin AB
to determine their presence in the intrauterine compartments during early
pregnancy. Follistatin was present in highest concentrations in the
extra-embryonic coelomic fluid (11.72 +/- 1.70 ng/ml; median +/- SEM), with
less in maternal serum (6.35 +/- 4.58) and lowest amounts in amniotic fluid
(0.97 +/- 0.52). Follistatin concentrations in extra-embryonic coelomic
fluid were highly correlated with both dimeric inhibin isoforms. Activin A
was present in only barely detectable amounts in some samples of extra-
embryonic coelomic fluid (41% of samples) and maternal serum (26%) and was
undetectable in all amniotic fluid samples. Activin AB was undetectable in
all compartments. The presence of follistatin in the amniotic and
extra-embryonic coelomic fluids may regulate the availability of bioactive
activins and inhibins which are released into the intrauterine compartments
during the development of the fetus and placenta in early pregnancy.
相似文献