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71.
Synthesis of some new 1,2,4-triazoles starting from isonicotinic acid hydrazide and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hacer Bayrak Ahmet Demirbas Neslihan Demirbas Sengül Alpay Karaoglu 《European journal of medicinal chemistry》2009,44(11):4362-4366
5-Pyridin-4-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (2) was obtained from the reaction of isonicotinic acid hydrazide with carbon disulfide in basic media and converted into 4-amino-5-pyridin-4-yl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (5) by the treatment with hydrazine hydrate. The synthesis of 3 and 6 was performed from the reaction of 2 and 5 with ethyl bromide. The treatment of 5 with 4-fluorobenzaldehyde or indol-3-carbaldehyde resulted in the formation of 4-[(arylmethylene)amino]-5-pyridin-4-yl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols (7a and 7b). The reactions of 2, 5 and 7a with some primary and secondary amines in the presence of formaldehyde afforded the corresponding Mannich bases, 4a, 4b, 9a–9c and 8.All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity study revealed that all the compounds screened showed good or moderate activity except compounds 2, 7a, 7b, 8 and 9b. 相似文献
72.
Miral S Gencer O Inal-Emiroglu FN Baykara B Baykara A Dirik E 《European child & adolescent psychiatry》2008,17(1):1-8
Objective The aim of the study was to compare safety, efficacy and tolerability of risperidone with haloperidol in the treatment of
Autistic Disorder (AD).
Method This study was designed as a double-blind, prospective, for a 12-week period. A total of 30 subjects, between the ages of
8 and 18 with AD based on DSM IV criteria, were included in the study. Behavioral Rating Scales were performed by the investigators
and the parents. Safety assessment included vital signs, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, adverse events, laboratory
tests, extrapyramidal symptoms and the side effects. Both treatments were applied in a once daily dosage regimen of 0.01–0.08 mg/kg/day.
Results The reduction from baseline in Ritvo–Freeman Real Life Rating Scale (RF-RLRS), sensory motor (subscale I) and language (subscale
V) scores were significant in risperidone group (P < 0.05). Compared to haloperidol, risperidone led to a significantly greater reduction in the Aberrant Behavior Checklist
(ABC) and Turgay DSM-IV Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) scale scores (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). There was a greater increase of prolactin in the risperidone group, while alanine amino transferase (ALT) had further
increased in the haloperidol group. Sensory motor behaviors (subscale I) and language at the end of the 12th week, RF-RLRS
sensory motor and language subscale scores decreased in the risperidone group further than the other group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions Risperidone was found to be more effective than haloperidol in the treatment of behavioral symptoms, impulsivity, language
skills, and impaired social relations in children with AD. These results demonstrated that both drugs were safe and well tolerated
in the treatment of AD. 相似文献
73.
Aksu N Seyahi A Aksu T Oztürk C Dervişoğlu S Murat Hiz VM 《Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery》2008,128(10):1187-1191
Introduction Chemical and physical effects of cementation cause radiographic and histological changes at bone-cement interface. These changes
can be of interest in the assessment of the residual lesions and subsequent recurrences after local resection and cementation
of local aggressive tumours.
Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the evolution and determine the stages of the changes that occur at the bone-cement interface
after cementation of cavitary lesions.
Material and methods We operated on 16 hind legs of 8 sheep (Ovies Aries) under general anaesthesia (Xylasin HCl, Ketamin HCl and Forane). A bone
cavity of 12 cm3 was produced by curettage of the distal femoral condyle and was filled with cement. Control radiographs were taken at 2 days;
3, 6 and 12 weeks, and again at 6 months. One sheep each time was killed after second day and sixth month and two sheep each
time after the third, sixth and 12th week and the specimens underwent pathological examination.
Results After the first 3 weeks, a reactive fibrous membrane was detected on pathological examinations. This membrane consisted of
granulation tissue, necrotic bone and bone marrow, which were replaced gradually by fibrous tissue. The radiographic revelation
of this fibrous membrane was a radiolucent zone of 0.5–1.5 mm at 3 weeks. A Sclerotic rim appeared around this radiolucent
zone at 6 weeks. With new bone formation the fibrous membrane disappeared at 3 months. This was seen on radiographs as the
replacement of the radiolucent zone by a sclerotic ring of 0.5–2 mm. This sclerotic ring disappeared at 6 months, when a diffuse
sclerosis and cortical bone thickening was detected on radiographs.
Discussion According to our findings we suggest to consider the pathological processes at the bone-cement interface in 3 phases: (1)
Reactive phase (first 3 weeks); (2) Resorption phase (3–6 weeks), and (3) Formation phase (6 weeks to 6 months). We have distinguished
five different radiographic stages: Stage 1—Early stage with no apparent zone (first 3 weeks); Stage 2—Radiolucent zone (3–6 weeks);
Stage 3—Radiolucent zone with a sclerotic rime (6 weeks to 3 months); Stage 4—sclerotic ring (after 3 months) and Stage 5—Diffuse
cortical thickening (after 6 months). Determining the phases of tissue reaction after cementation and its radiographic revelation
will ease the diagnosis of residual lesions and subsequent recurrences after local resection and cementation of local aggressive
tumors. 相似文献
74.
75.
Sahin M Yilmaz H Gursoy A Demirel AN Tutuncu NB Guvener ND 《The New Zealand medical journal》2007,120(1265):U2803
Nettle (Urtica dioica) is commonly sold as a herbal tea in Turkey. We report a case of gynaecomastia in a man (in which the only aetiologic factor identified was nettle tea consumption) and a case of galactorrhoea in a woman (in which the only aetiologic factor identified was also nettle tea ingestion). 相似文献
76.
We present clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings and treatment results of two infants with orbital eosinophilic granuloma. Both patients presented at 1 year of age with unilateral proptosis, periorbital edema, and a superotemporally located, ill-defined orbital mass on computed tomographic (CT) imaging, with bone erosion in one patient. After subtotal excision, histopathological examination revealed eosinophilic granuloma, and the proptosis resolved with no sign of orbital tumor recurrence or systemic involvement at 12 and 23 months follow-up. Eosinophilic granuloma is a rare childhood orbital tumor that may or may not present with osteolytic change. 相似文献
77.
78.
79.
Influence of polymerisation method and type of fibre on fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth
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Neslihan Tekçe DDS PhD Kansad Pala DDS PhD Safa Tuncer DDS PhD Mustafa Demirci DDS PhD Merve Efe Serim DDS PhD 《Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc》2017,43(3):115-122
The aim of this study was to investigate (i) the effect of direct or indirect polymerisation of adhesive‐impregnated ribbon fibre under 4‐mm bulk‐filled composites on fracture strength; (ii) to compare polyethylene ribbon fibre‐reinforcement composites with short fibre‐reinforced composite; and (iii) the effectiveness of polyethylene ribbon fibre according to the restorative materials used (low‐viscous bulk‐fill composite, high‐viscous flowable composite or conventional paste composite). Seventy molars were divided into seven groups; (groups 1–2) Ribbond‐reinforced Surefil‐SDR; (group 3) Ribbond‐reinforced G Aenial Flo; (group 4) Ribbond‐reinforced G Aenial Posterior; (group 5) short fibre‐reinforced composite everX Posterior; (group 6) unfilled cavity; (group 7) intact teeth. Ribbond was adopted to cavity walls by impregnating an adhesive and using a flowable composite. In group 1, adhesive‐impregnated Ribbond was polymerised directly using a light‐curing‐unit, and indirectly in group 2 under 4‐mm bulk‐filled composite. Direct or indirect polymerisation of adhesive impregnated ribbon fibre under 4‐mm bulk‐filled composite did not change the fracture strength results. Polyethylene ribbon fibre‐reinforced groups (groups 1–4) and short fibre‐reinforced composite group (group 5) displayed similar results. Polyethylene ribbon fibre can be used safely under 4‐mm bulk‐filled composites. Ribbond‐reinforced low‐viscous bulk‐fill, high‐viscous flowable, and conventional paste composite exhibited similar fracture strength results. 相似文献
80.