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61.
P B Sullivan J E Thomas D G Wight G Neale E J Eastham T Corrah N Lloyd-Evans B M Greenwood 《Archives of disease in childhood》1990,65(2):189-191
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (formerly Campylobacter pylori) was studied by measuring antibody titres to H pylori in Gambian children. Serological evidence of infection was found in 12 of 82 (15%) infants aged less than 20 months; this increased to 62 of 135 (46%) in those aged 40-60 months. Positive serology was found in 41 of 77 (53%) infants with chronic diarrhoea and malnutrition (mean age 19 months, range 5-36) compared with 18 of 70 (26%) of age matched healthy controls and nearly a quarter (12/49, 24%) of age matched undernourished (marasmic) subjects. These data show that infection with H pylori is common in the Gambia and that in infancy this infection is associated with chronic diarrhoea and malnutrition. 相似文献
62.
Vascular endothelial growth factor is elevated in ocular fluids of eyes harbouring uveal melanoma: identification of a potential therapeutic window 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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Boyd SR Tan D Bunce C Gittos A Neale MH Hungerford JL Charnock-Jones S Cree IA 《The British journal of ophthalmology》2002,86(4):448-452
BACKGROUND: Improved local treatment of uveal melanoma makes it possible for many patients to retain the affected eye, but a proportion will develop secondary complications such as neovascularisation of the iris (NVI) and require enucleation. Although vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is known to correlate with NVI and can cause NVI in experimental models, this pro-angiogenic cytokine is consistently reported to be absent in uveal melanoma. Novel anti-VEGF therapies are now in clinical trial, and the authors therefore wished to determine whether VEGF-A was indeed elevated in melanoma bearing eyes. METHODS: VEGF-A concentrations were measured in aqueous and vitreous from 19 and 30 enucleated eyes respectively. RESULTS: Elevated VEGF-A concentrations (up to 21.6 ng/ml) were found in melanoma bearing eyes compared with samples from patients undergoing routine cataract extraction (all had values below 0.96 ng/ml). Immunohistochemistry showed VEGF-A protein in the iris and/or ciliary body of 54% and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in 82% of the eyes examined. VEGF was found to a limited extent and at very low levels in only 9% of these tumours. Aqueous or vitreous VEGF levels showed no apparent correlation with retinal detachment, tumour size, vascularity, or immunohistochemistry. Though limited in number, the highest VEGF levels correlated with previous radiation therapy, and with the presence neovascularisation of the iris or optic nerve head. bFGF was not significantly elevated in ocular fluids: it is known to be a pro-angiogenic agent and was detected in the majority of primary uveal melanomas. CONCLUSION: Based on this study, though the source of VEGF within eyes harbouring uveal melanoma is not clear, these data suggest that anti-VEGF therapy might prove useful in the management of some patients with NVI secondary to uveal melanoma. 相似文献
63.
Sauerbier M Hahn ME Fujita M Neale PG Germann G An KN Berger RA 《Der Unfallchirurg》2002,105(8):688-698
The most common method of treating the arthrotic distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is resection of the entire ulnar head (Darrach procedure). Complications related to instability of the distal forearm resulting from loss of the ulnar head are usually manifested by pain and weak grip strength and have remained the drawbacks of this procedure. In an attempt to mechanically stabilize the distal forearm, an endoprosthesis was developed to replace the ulnar head after Darrach resection. The purpose of this study was to: 1) evaluate the dynamic effects of the Darrach procedure on radioulnar convergence; and 2) evaluate the mechanical efficacy of two soft tissue stabilizing techniques (Pronator quadratus advancement flap and ECU/FCU tenodesis) for the unstable distal ulnar stump and 3) the stability after the implantation of an ulnar head endoprosthesis following a Darrach resection on radioulnar convergence. With a dynamic PC-controled forearm simulator the rotation of 7 fresh-frozen cadaver upper extremities was actively and passively performed while loading relevant muscles. Resultant total forearm torque and the 3-dimensional kinematics of the ulna, radius and third metacarpal were recorded simultaneously. The implantation of the ulnar head endoprosthesis effectively restored the stability of the DRUJ. There were significantly better results after the implantation of the prosthesis compared with the Darrach and the soft tissue stabilization procedures. This study provides laboratory validity to the option of implanting an ulnar head endoprosthesis as an attempt to stabilize the distal forearm after Darrach resection in lieu of performing soft tissue stabilization techniques. 相似文献
64.
Sauerbier M Fujita M Hahn ME Neale PG Berger RA 《The Journal of hand surgery, European volume》2002,27(4):307-316
Resection of the entire ulnar head (Darrach operation) and the hemiresection interposition arthroplasty are common methods of treating the arthritic distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). Biomechnical investigation about both of these procedures is lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamic effects of both the hemiresection interposition arthroplasty and the Darrach procedure on radioulnar convergence and dorsal-palmar displacement and to compare their biomechanical behaviours. With a dynamic computer-controlled testing device, cadaveric forearm rotation was performed with simultaneous loading of relevant muscles. Torque along the forearm axis was generated by simulated muscle action through pneumoactuators attached to relevant tendons while the wrist was constrained to prescribed ranges of motion. The instability of the radius relative to the ulna was evaluated using displacement data of digitized landmarks in an ulnar coordinate system. Seven fresh-frozen cadaver upper extremities were used. The Darrach resection created an extreme instability of the forearm with movement of the radius ulnarly. Anteroposterior translations in each loading condition could also be detected, but the magnitude of displacement was small and less predictable. The results of the hemiresection interposition arthroplasty demonstrated significantly less instability compared with the Darrach results. 相似文献
65.
66.
背景与目的:表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)和血管内皮生长因子受体(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,VEGFR)均属酪氨酸激酶受体(receptor tyrosine kinase,RTK),可调控细胞的增殖、分化与生存。BAD是Bcl-2家族中的促凋亡信号成分,在调控细胞凋亡特别是肿瘤细胞凋亡过程中发挥重要作用。但目前人们对上述这些重要蛋白在非小细胞肺癌(non—small—cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中的表达与肿瘤病理学的关系所知甚少。本研究探讨ECFR、VEGFR、BAD和磷酸化BAD在NSCLC中的表达情况以及与肿瘤病理的关系。方法:使用组织微阵列(tissue microarray,TMA)切片的免疫组织化学法,NSCLC患者51例(26例腺癌,16例鳞癌,8例大细胞癌,1例大细胞神经内分泌癌)。结果:51例患者中EGFR和VEGFR分别在10例(加%)和14例(27%)中出现过度表达。大细胞癌中未见VEGFR表达(0/8例),而鳞癌和腺癌患者中VEGFR表达分别为44%(7/16)和27%(7/26)。EGFR和VEGFR的表达与性别,肿瘤细胞分化及肿瘤浸润程度(包括胸膜浸润,血管浸润,淋巴结转移,肺内播散,脑转移情况)无关。51例患者中22例(43%)出现BAD蛋白表达缺失,且NSCLC的不同病理类型间差异有显著性。BAD蛋白表达缺失在16例鳞癌患者中10例(63%),8例大细胞癌患者中5例(63%),26例鳞癌患者中有7例(27%)(P=0.04)。51例患者中25例(49%)出现磷酸化BAD蛋白过度表达[其中26例腺癌患者中有13例(50%),16例鳞癌患者中有8例(50%),8例大细胞癌患者中有4例(50%)]。BAD蛋白的表达缺失与磷酸化BAD蛋白的过度表达经统计检验与上述肿瘤浸润程度无相关性。结论:肺鳞癌出现VEGFR表达增高的可能较大,而大细胞癌出现VEGFR表达增高的可能最小。在鳞癌和大细胞癌中可见BAD蛋白表达的显著缺失。NSCLC患者EGFR,VEGFR,磷酸化BAD蛋白的过度表达以及BAD蛋白表达的缺失与病理浸润程度无关。但这些受体酪氨酸激酶表达以及与NSCLC凋亡直接相关的媒介因子可能成为未来多靶向治疗中的候选靶标。 相似文献
67.
Jayawant S Neale J Stoodley N Wallace S 《Developmental medicine and child neurology》2001,43(2):124-126
Gliomatosis cerebri is the unifying term used when diffuse glial infiltration occurs throughout the cerebral hemispheres. The very few cases reported in children have presented with intractable epilepsy, corticospinal tract deficits, unilateral tremor, headaches, and developmental delay. Antemortem diagnosis is difficult because of the vagueness of the physical, radiological and pathological findings. Adult cases may simulate an acute diffuse encephalomyelitis and show postmortem evidence of a marked swelling of the spinal cord. Apparently benign intracranial hypertension with papilloedema has also been recorded. We report a 10-year-old girl who presented with a history and physical signs suggestive of benign intracranial hypertension. A diffuse encephalomyelopathy occurred, which was complicated by spinal cord swelling, followed by deterioration and death. Gliomatosis cerebri affecting the brain and spinal cord was found at postmortem examination. 相似文献
68.
The genetic epidemiology of irrational fears and phobias in men 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
BACKGROUND: Much of our knowledge of the role of genetic factors in the etiology of phobias comes from one population-based sample of female twins. We examined the sources of individual differences in the risks for phobias and their associated irrational fears in male twins. METHODS: In personal interviews with both members of 1198 male-male twin pairs (707 monozygotic [MZ] and 491 dizygotic [DZ]) ascertained from a population-based registry, we assessed the lifetime history of agoraphobia and social, animal, situational, and blood/injury phobias as well as their associated irrational fears. Twin resemblance was assessed by means of probandwise concordance, odds ratios, tetrachoric correlations, and univariate and multivariate biometrical model fitting. RESULTS: The suggestive results obtained by analysis of phobias only were supported by analyzing both fears and phobias. All 5 phobia subtypes aggregate within twin-pairs. This aggregation is due largely or solely to genetic factors with heritability of liabilities ranging from 25% to 37%. Multivariate analysis revealed a common genetic factor, genetic factors specific to each subtype, and a common familial-environmental factor. CONCLUSIONS: In male subjects, genetic risk factors, which are partially common across all subtypes and partially subtype specific, play a moderate role in the etiology of phobias and their associated irrational fears. Family environment probably has an impact on risk for agoraphobia and social phobia. The genetic liability to blood/injury phobias is not distinct from those of the more typical phobias. 相似文献
69.
Ex vivo activity of XR5000 against solid tumors 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
70.
A A Stone D H Bovbjerg J M Neale A Napoli H Valdimarsdottir D Cox F G Hayden J M Gwaltney 《Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.)》1992,18(3):115-120
Previous studies of rhinovirus infection indicate that about one third of the persons with confirmed viral infection do not show evidence of cold symptoms. Factors that determine which infected individuals will develop colds are not known. Using a rhinovirus inoculation protocol, the authors explored the possible role of recent life events, current mood, and perceived stress in the development of symptoms in individuals known to be infected. As part of a larger study, 17 subjects were exposed to a rhinovirus and were individually isolated for 5 consecutive days; cold symptoms, mucus weights, and tissue use were monitored on a daily basis during this period. Although all 17 subjects had confirmed rhinovirus infection, only 12 subjects developed clinical colds, as indicated by self-reported symptoms and by objective symptom indices. The average number of reported major life events for the previous year was significantly higher for those who developed colds than for those who did not (p < .05). Measures of affect and perceived stress before the inoculation were not different for those who did and did not develop colds. Complementing recent research demonstrating psychosocial influences on experimental infection rates, these results provide evidence that the development of cold symptomatology in experimentally infected individuals is related to prior life events. 相似文献