Effect of antiasthmatic medication on dental disease: dental caries and periodontal disease

The prevalence of asthma has been increasing since the 1980s. Asthma and tooth decay are the two major causes of school absenteeism. There are few studies present in the literature. The objectives of the present study were to know the severity of dental caries and periodontal problems in children before and after taking antiasthmatic medication. The present study was conducted on 105, six- to fourteen-year-old asthmatic children to determine the condition of their dental caries and their periodontal status before and after taking antiasthmatic medication, for a period of 1 year and these were matched with their controls. The results showed that salbutamol inhaler shows increased caries rate with high significance over other groups, which was followed by salbutamol tablets and beclamethasone inhaler respectively. It has been concluded that antiasthmatic medication has its effects on dental caries and periodontal disease and asthmatic patients are recommended to adopt more precautionary oral hygiene practices and keep their caries activity and periodontal health under constant check.     

初发与复发性糖尿病足溃疡临床特征分析

  目的  分析四川大学华西医院住院糖尿病足溃疡（diabetic foot ulcer, DFU）患者的临床特征,探究足溃疡复发的危险因素。  方法  回顾性分析2012年1月1日–2020年12月31日在四川大学华西医院住院的817例DFU患者的临床资料,按照既往是否发生足溃疡,分为初发组（502例）和复发组（315例）。比较两组患者临床特征的差异,采用多因素logistic回归分析足溃疡复发的危险因素。  结果  初发和复发性DFU患者以神经缺血性足溃疡为主,均好发于第一足趾和第五足趾。与初发DFU患者相比,Wagner 3级和创面位于胼胝的复发性DFU患者更多（P<0.05）,但足坏疽（Wagner 4～5级）的患者更少（P<0.05）。复发性DFU患者的糖化血红蛋白、血小板计数和纤维蛋白原水平更低（P<0.05）,血尿酸和血肌酐水平更高（P<0.05）;两组患者的血红蛋白、白细胞计数、估算肾小球滤过率、血沉和C-反应蛋白水平均无明显差异（P>0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性（OR=1.555,95%CI:1.097～2.072,P=0.013）、糖尿病病程≥10年（OR=2.369,95%CI:1.473～3.810,P<0.001）、既往截肢史（OR=4.518,95%CI:2.386～8.553,P<0.001）、足部骨质疏松（OR=1.711,95%CI:1.065～2.751,P=0.027）、创面位于胼胝（OR=1.786,95%CI:1.058～3.012,P=0.030）和冠心病（OR=0.668,95%CI:0.453～0.987,P=0.043）与足溃疡复发相关。  结论  男性、糖尿病病程超过10年、既往截肢史、足部骨质疏松和创面位于胼胝是DFU患者足溃疡复发的独立危险因素。因此,DFU患者即使足溃疡愈合,也应加强足部护理,降低足溃疡复发率。     

弱视儿童的临床概况和遮盖治疗结果

目的：研究弱视的临床表现,以及对弱视患者进行遮盖治疗的效果。

方法：纵向研究。收集2015-04/2016-04 Dhulikhel医院眼科1 092例患者数据。对检出的弱视60例患儿的视力、主诉、年龄、屈光状态、双眼屈光度和注视方式进行评估。并对检出的弱视患儿进行遮盖治疗。

结果：在研究期间接受检查的1 092例儿童中,60例(5.49%)为弱视患者,其中,女性35例(58.30%),男性25例(41.70%),平均年龄为8.87±3.29岁。在43.3%(n=26)的弱视儿童中,经线性弱视是最常见的亚型,其次是远视性屈光参差性弱视(20%,n=12)。最常见的屈光不正是散光,占58.30%,其次是远视(22.50%)和近视(7.50%)。配戴眼镜联合遮盖治疗和主动视觉训练的依从性为73.30%(n=44)。3mo后不同治疗策略对弱视眼视力有显著改善(P=0.002)。

结论：在尼泊尔等发展中国家,弱视发病率和相关的视力损害仍然是一个公共卫生问题。意识的缺乏,社区或学龄前儿童视力筛查的缺乏,会导致儿童较晚出现症状,并最终导致明显的视力损害。通过筛选就诊地点、及时转诊和适当的干预措施,这种状况可得到改善。     

Investigations and design of pyridine-2-carboxylic acid thiazol-2-ylamide analogs as methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors using 3D-QSAR and molecular docking

Methionine amino peptidases (MetAPs) are metalloproteases that remove co-translational N-terminal methionine from nascent polypeptide chains. Due to their essential role in protein synthesis, MetAPs are considered as potential targets for antibacterial drugs. In the present work, three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies were carried out on a series of pyridine-2-carboxylic acid thiazol-2-ylamide-based MetAP inhibitors using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) techniques. The models were developed using 30 training set molecules. The optimum CoMFA and CoMSIA models obtained for the training set were statistically significant with cross-validated correlation coefficients (q ²) of 0.799 and 0.704 and conventional correlation coefficients (r ²) of 0.989 and 0.954, respectively. These inhibitors were docked into MetAP active site. The CoMFA and CoMSIA field contour maps correlate well with the structural characteristics of the binding pocket of MetAP active site. Using the knowledge of structure–activity relationship and receptor–ligand interactions from 3D-QSAR model and the docked complexes, four new pyridine-2-carboxylic acid thiazol-2-ylamide analogs were designed. These analogs exhibit significantly better predicted activity than the reported molecules. The present work has implications for the development of novel antibiotics as potent MetAP inhibitors.     

Phosphorylated ganciclovir derivatives: design,synthesis and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activity

Synthesis of a series of novel phosphorylated ganciclovir derivatives with bioactive amines/aminoacid esters as substituents was accomplished. These compounds were structurally characterized by IR, NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P), mass spectra and CHN analysis. The compounds (5a–m) have been evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities. The amino acid ester-substituted ganciclovir derivatives, especially the 5g and 5i, increased the intracellular killing activity of the stimulated neutrophils. The in vivo experiment results show that the administration of compounds 5g and 5i (8 mg/kg body weight) to diet-induced immune impaired obese rats ameliorated the significant increase in immune cell counts (lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes). In addition, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 secretions were considerably restored to normal by the compounds 5g and 5i with regulation in the release of C-reactive protein suggesting their potentiating effect on immune system dysfunction. These in vitro and in vivo results suggest that the phosphorylated ganciclovir derivatives 5g and 5i are strong immunomodulators.