全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4506篇 |
免费 | 178篇 |
国内免费 | 50篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 37篇 |
儿科学 | 42篇 |
妇产科学 | 86篇 |
基础医学 | 545篇 |
口腔科学 | 90篇 |
临床医学 | 329篇 |
内科学 | 1306篇 |
皮肤病学 | 29篇 |
神经病学 | 350篇 |
特种医学 | 169篇 |
外科学 | 617篇 |
综合类 | 24篇 |
预防医学 | 103篇 |
眼科学 | 204篇 |
药学 | 266篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 534篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 29篇 |
2022年 | 47篇 |
2021年 | 75篇 |
2020年 | 47篇 |
2019年 | 60篇 |
2018年 | 92篇 |
2017年 | 72篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 85篇 |
2014年 | 121篇 |
2013年 | 140篇 |
2012年 | 271篇 |
2011年 | 322篇 |
2010年 | 171篇 |
2009年 | 175篇 |
2008年 | 260篇 |
2007年 | 296篇 |
2006年 | 291篇 |
2005年 | 305篇 |
2004年 | 290篇 |
2003年 | 261篇 |
2002年 | 244篇 |
2001年 | 71篇 |
2000年 | 95篇 |
1999年 | 92篇 |
1998年 | 59篇 |
1997年 | 42篇 |
1996年 | 33篇 |
1995年 | 32篇 |
1994年 | 31篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 57篇 |
1991年 | 53篇 |
1990年 | 46篇 |
1989年 | 39篇 |
1988年 | 31篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 22篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 12篇 |
1971年 | 11篇 |
1970年 | 19篇 |
1968年 | 13篇 |
1967年 | 28篇 |
1966年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有4734条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
71.
Kazuaki Kuwabara Shinya Matsuda Kiyohide Fushimi Koichi B. Ishikawa Hiromasa Horiguchi Kenji Fujimori 《Health Policy and Technology》2013,2(2):94-109
ObjectivesLaparoscopic abdominal surgery (LS) has been prevailing over open surgery (OS). However, its functional outcomes in the aging generation have not been sufficiently examined. We compared changes in physical status and earlier resumption of oral intake between LS and OS.MethodsUsing the Japanese administrative database, we matched variables affecting LS and compared them between LS and OS patients. During the 6-month period from July to December of 2006–2010, we examined the data from data from surviving patients of ≥15 year old who underwent isolated gastrectomy, colectomy, or anterior resection. Functional status was estimated by the Barthel index (BI) at admission and discharge. Outcomes were postoperative complications, BI deterioration, change in BI, and day of recommencing postoperative oral intake.ResultsWe identified 30,763 gastrectomies (laparoscopic: 7297), 31,958 colectomies (laparoscopic: 9364), and 12,545 anterior resections (laparoscopic: 4351). Variation in LS indications was observed in patient and hospital mixes. Among the paired-matched gastrectomy, colectomy, and anterior resection groups, LS was associated with fewer complications and earlier recovery of postoperative oral intake. Laparoscopic anterior resection (LAR) and colectomy were associated with less frequent BI deterioration. Longer operative time was associated with more complications, which then influenced BI deterioration in patients who underwent anterior resection.ConclusionsShorter operative time for LAR was associated with less functional deterioration than for laparoscopic gastrectomy and colectomy. Physicians should consider the appropriate indications for LS by concurrently avoiding unnecessary longer operations and their associated complications. More investment in teaching the skills necessary for LAR is recommended. 相似文献
72.
73.
Therapeutic efficacy of intense pulsed light in patients with refractory meibomian gland dysfunction
Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) for treatment of refractory meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).Methods
Ninety eyes of 45 patients were randomly assigned to receive either the combination of IPL and MGX or MGX alone (control). Each eye underwent eight treatment sessions at 3-week intervals. Parameters were evaluated before and during treatment as well as at 3–11 weeks after the last treatment session. Measured parameters included the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire score, noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT), fluorescein breakup time (BUT), lipid layer grade, lipid layer thickness (LLT), lid margin abnormalities, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining (CFS) score, meibum grade, and meiboscore.Results
A significant improvement in lipid layer grade was apparent in the IPL-MGX group from 6 to 32 weeks after treatment onset (adjusted P?<?0.001) but was not observed in the control group. The IPL-MGX group also showed significant improvements in LLT, NIBUT, BUT, lid margin abnormalities, and meibum grade compared with the control group at 24 and 32 weeks (adjusted P?<?0.001) as well as significant improvements in the SPEED score at 32 weeks (adjusted P?=?0.044) and in CFS score at 24 (adjusted P?=?0.015) and 32 (adjusted P?=?0.006) weeks.Conclusions
The combination of IPL and MGX improved homeostasis of the tear film and ameliorated ocular symptoms in patients with refractory MGD and is thus a promising modality for treatment of this condition. 相似文献74.
75.
Hiroyuki MATSUMOTO Rie YAKO Osamu MASUO Katsuhisa HIRAYAMA Yuji UEMATSU Naoyuki NAKAO 《Neurologia medico-chirurgica》2014,54(2):139-144
We report a patient''s case of slow progressive in-stent restenosis 10 years after bare-metal stent implantation to his carotid artery. We treated the patient with an additional stent placement under a distal filter protection device. Optical coherence tomographic assessment and plaque histology during the carotid artery stenting (CAS) revealed atheromatous change at in-stent neointima, which contained lipid-rich plaque and calcification deposits. These findings suggest that in-stent neoatherosclerosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of very late stent restenosis after CAS. 相似文献
76.
77.
Nickel titanium (NiTi) foams were made by combustion synthesis of powders with the help of ZrH2 as foaming agent and TiB2 as endothermic agent. In this paper, we investigated the effect of elemental powder size on the foaming. The powder size of Ni and Ti affected the ignition temperature of the combustion reaction, cell morphology and microstructure of the foams. The cell morphology of the foams was also modified by the powder size of TiB2. 相似文献
78.
Akiko Chino Teruhito Kishihara Naoyuki Uragami Akiyoshi Ishiyama Taishi Ogawa Etsuo Hoshino Masahiro Igarashi Rikiya Fujita 《Digestive endoscopy》2009,21(1):56-58
The present patient developed a severe rectal ulcer more than 1 month after having received external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Surveillance endoscopy every 3 months demonstrated healing of this rectal ulcer using a novel therapy. He was given enemas with ecabet sodium, which provides physical protection and promotes healing by increasing prostaglandin E2, and this process induced squamous metaplasia that halted the progression of the ulcer of radiation proctitis as a late‐phase reaction. Intrapapillary capillary loops were visualized with magnified narrow band imaging at the healing ulcer site as seen via the esophagus and, moreover, demonstrated histologically. 相似文献
79.
Naoyuki Iizuka Akiko Suzuki Kayoko Nozawa-Inoue Yoshiro Kawano B. G. T. L. Nandasena Takashi Okiji Takeyasu Maeda 《Journal of anatomy》2009,214(2):267-274
Caveolae are involved in clathrin-independent endocytosis, transcytosis, signal transduction, and tumor suppression – all of which depend on their main constituent protein caveolin families. The periodontal Ruffini ending has been reported to develop a caveola-like structure on the cell membrane of both the axon terminals and Schwann sheaths, suggesting the existence of an axon–Schwann cell interaction in the periodontal Ruffini endings. However, little information is available concerning the functional significance of these caveolae. The present study was undertaken to examine the immunolocalization of caveolin-1, -3 (Cav-1, Cav-3) and Ca2+ -ATPase in the periodontal Ruffini endings of the rat incisor. Decalcified sections of the upper jaws were processed for immunocytochemistry at the levels of light and electron microscopy. Some immunostained sections were treated with histochemistry for nonspecific cholinesterase (nChE) activity. Observations showed the periodontal Ruffini endings were immunopositive for Cav-1, but not Cav-3. Immunoreactive products for Cav-1 were confined to caveola-like structures in the cell membranes of the cytoplasmic extensions and cell bodies of the terminal Schwann cells associated with the periodontal Ruffini endings. However, the axonal membranes of the terminals did not express any Cav-1 immunoreaction. Double staining with Ca2+ -ATPase and either protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) or S-100 protein disclosed the co-localization of immunoreactions in the axonal branches of the periodontal Ruffini endings, but not in the terminal Schwann cells. As Ca2+ plays an important role in mechanotransduction, these characteristic immunolocalizations show Cav-1/Ca2+ -ATPase might be involved in the quick elimination of intracellular Ca2+ in mechanotransduction. 相似文献
80.
Yamaguchi N Fujimori Y Fujibayashi Y Kasumoto I Okamura H Nakanishi K Hara H 《Annals of hematology》2005,84(7):423-428
Interferon (IFN)-gamma is produced by T cells and natural killer cells and activates monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Recently, IFN-gamma has been shown to be produced by mouse DCs following stimulation with interleukin (IL)-12, which is markedly augmented by the addition of IL-18. We here analyzed whether human DCs secrete IFN-gamma in response to IL-12 and/or IL-18. Human immature DCs, generated from cord blood CD14(+) monocytes by treating with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-4, were incubated with IL-12 and/or IL-18 and assayed for IFN-gamma production. IL-12, but not IL-18, weakly induced IFN-gamma production, while IL-12 together with IL-18 induced high levels of IFN-gamma production. Similar results were obtained with mature DCs, although levels of IFN-gamma production were less than those in immature DCs. Also with mature and immature DCs, IL-12 upregulated the expression of IL-18 receptor alpha (Ralpha), and costimulation with IL-12 and IL-18 upregulated CD40 expression. Anti-IL-18Ralpha antibody abrogated both the IFN-gamma induction and the CD40 upregulation by IL-12 plus IL-18. These findings suggest that IL-12 upregulates IL-18Ralpha expression on human DCs and acts synergistically with IL-18 to induce high levels of IFN-gamma, which subsequently enhances CD40 expression on DCs in an autocrine manner. 相似文献