肝硬化并发重度食管静脉曲张的临床预测与评估

目的 回顾性研究肝硬化重度食管静脉曲张的临床预测方法与评估。方法 收集2002年1月～2004年12月收住我院的肝硬化31例，重度食管静脉曲张者20例（64．5％），无静脉曲张者11例（35．5％），入院时行胃镜直视和腹部超声检查，并除外已行内镜下曲张静脉硬化剂或皮圈结扎治疗者。记录外周血小板计数、B超下脾脏长径及门静脉宽度、胆红素、白蛋白和凝血酶原时间等各项检查结果，并按Child-Pugh分级法对患者进行评分，相关数据进行统计分析。结果 外周血血小板数值和脾脏长径与食管重度静脉曲张之间有显著相关性（P分别为0．042和0．024），血清总胆红素值、白蛋白、凝血酶原时问、Child-Pugh值及超声下门脉宽度与食管静脉曲张程度之间则无显著相关性（P值分别为0．141、0．952、0．095、0．088和0．124）；与无静脉曲张患者相比较，血小板计数〈60000个／mm^3判断食管重度静脉曲张的敏感性和特异性分别为60％和为80％，脾脏长径〉150mm判断重度静脉曲张的敏感性和特异性分别为65％和92．9％。结论 血小板计数和脾脏长径作为非侵入性方法可用于预测肝硬化患者有无重度食管静脉曲张。     

三种角膜屈光手术对近视患者角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的：对比角膜板层刀制瓣的前弹力层下准分子激光角膜磨镶术(SBK)、飞秒激光制瓣的SBK术(FS-SBK)与飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)对近视中央角膜内皮细胞的短期及长期影响。

方法：我院近视34例34眼行SBK术; 41例41眼行FS-SBK术; 49例49眼行SMILE术,术前和术后1wk,1a利用SP-1P型非接触角膜内皮显微镜检查角膜内皮细胞,统计分析各组中央角膜内皮细胞密度(ECD)、内皮细胞面积的变异系数(CV)和六边形内皮细胞百分比。

结果：三组间术前、术后1wk,1a裸眼视力及屈光度均无差异(P>0.05)。术后1wk三组中央ECD均较术前减少(P<0.01),术后1a各组均较术前无差异(P>0.05); 术前及术后各随访时间点,三组间中央角膜内皮细胞面积CV及六边形内皮细胞百分比均无差异(P>0.05); 不同组内,术前及术后各随访时间点结果均无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：SBK、FS-SBK和SMILE手术对近视内皮细胞的安全性确切,术后早期各组中央角膜ECD均轻度降低,1a后恢复; 术后各组中央角膜内皮细胞面积CV及六边形内皮细胞百分比较术前无明显改变。     

中国人眼颅压力梯度参考区间的临床研究

目的探讨中国人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间,为建立基于眼颅压力梯度的开角型青光眼诊疗新体系提供理论标准。 方法横断面研究。对2010年8月至2019年8月首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院神经内科需行腰椎穿刺的受试者共200例。其中,男性97例,女性103例,年龄区间12~79岁,平均(47.0±14.7)岁。对受试者进行眼压、颅压及全身基本参数测量。性别资料采用频数和百分比描述;年龄、身高、体重、眼压、颅内压、平均动脉压、体质指数及眼颅压力梯度等连续定量资料采用 ±s描述。对于少量缺失数据,采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛模拟(MCMC)对缺失数据进行多重插补。采用95%分位数法确定参考值范围,对于连续定量资料的多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用两独立样本t检验。 结果根据全体受试者测定人群眼压参考区间为9.015 mmHg~20.265 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)。人群颅压参考区间为6.179 mmHg~14.921 mmHg。人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.987 mmHg~11.047 mmHg。眼颅压力梯度临床诊疗参考区间为0.423 mmHg~10.508 mmHg。以年龄进行分组,<30岁人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.968 mmHg~9.028 mmHg;30岁~50岁人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.466 mmHg~11.606 mmHg;>50岁人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.466 mmHg~11.606 mmHg。三组间眼颅压力梯度差异无统计学意义(F＝2.041,P>0.05)。以性别进行分组,男性眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-2.769 mmHg~10.089 mmHg;女性眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-3.137 mmHg~11.877 mmHg。两组间眼颅压力梯度的差异无统计学意义(t＝-1.413,P>0.05)。以体质指数(BMI)进行分组,BMI<21 kg/m²的人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-1.437 mmHg~11.577 mmHg;21 kg/m²2的人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-3.046 mmHg~11.026 mmHg;BMI>23 kg/m²的人群眼颅压力梯度参考区间为-3.947 mmHg~10.087 mmHg。不同BMI分组间,眼颅压力梯度差异有统计学意义(F＝6.109,P<0.05)。 结论眼颅压力梯度临床诊疗参考区间为0.423 mmHg~10.508 mmHg,可作为开角型青光眼临床诊疗的新指标。同时,还为开角型青光眼病因学诊断及个体化治疗的进一步深入研究,提供新的实践基础与研究方向。     

旋覆代赭汤加减治疗胃痞证26例

旋覆代赭汤始载于《伤寒论》“辨太阳病脉证并治法第七”篇,原文为:“伤寒发汗,若吐若下,解后,心下痞硬,噫气不除者,旋覆代赭汤主之。”本方具有调补胃虚、和降胃气、化痰消痞之功,主治胃虚气逆痰阻之胃痞证。胃痞证是以胃脘部痞满不舒、闷塞不通为主症的一种病证,常因饮食、情     

营养教育在腹主动脉瘤患者根治术后的临床应用

目的 探讨营养教育在腹主动脉瘤患者根治术中的应用价值。方法 选取2017年10月至2019年10月青岛市市立医院收治的行根治术的腹主动脉瘤患者96例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组(48例,行常规护理)和观察组(48例,行常规护理联合营养教育),比较两组康复效果、营养指标和生活质量,另参照焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)判定患者心理状态。结果 观察组首次排气时间、下床活动时间和住院时间短于对照组,心理状态评分低于对照组,依从性和生活质量综合评定问卷评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者体重为(68.16±6.32) kg,体质指数为(23.02±0.54)kg/m²,血清白蛋白水平为(37.2±2.4)g/L,血清转铁蛋白水平为(2.45±0.36)g/L,血清前白蛋白水平为(267.27±25.12)mg/L,总铁结合力为(56.17±6.24)μmol/L,高于对照组的(64.32±5.44)kg、(21.72±0.78)kg/m²、(32.1±1.8)g/L、(2.16±0.32)g/L、(215....     

Preparation of rigid polyurethane foam from lignopolyol obtained through mild oxypropylation

Lignin, one of the main components of lignocellulose, can be used as an alternative to chemical polyols in the production of polyurethane because of its abundant phenolic and alcohol hydroxyls. Traditionally, lignin is directly applied in the preparation of polyurethane; however, modified lignin has been proved to be superior, especially that obtained by the oxypropylation reaction. Therefore, lignopolyol obtained by mild and efficient oxypropylation was utilized in the production of rigid polyurethane foam in this study. Specifically, the effects of the content of lignopolyol on the chemical structure, morphological structure, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the lignin-based rigid polyurethane foam were investigated. It was found that the compressive strength of the rigid polyurethane foam was significantly improved with the addition of lignopolyol compared with that of the pure polyurethane foam, which was attributed to the fact that oxypropylation made lignin into highly branched and functionalized polyols by transforming all phenolic hydroxyls into aliphatic hydroxyls. Moreover, when the molal weight of lignopolyol accounted for 40% of the added polyols, the generated foam showed optimal uniformity and regularity, and the compressive strength reached 0.18 MPa, meeting the requirements of industrial application, below which, the amount of undesired reactions is bound to increase. As a consequence, the added amount of lignopolyol was increased as much as possible on the basis of guaranteeing the desired properties, which was more conducive to realizing the green degradation and economic synthesis of rigid polyurethane foam.

Lignin-based polyurethane foam with excellent performance could be produced with the lignopolyol prepared by mild and efficient oxypropylation.     

Sexual dysfunction damages: A legal database review

IntroductionProcedural specialties are at higher risk for malpractice claims than non-procedural specialties. Previous studies have examined common damages and malpractice lawsuits resulting from specific procedures. Our goal was to analyze urological interventions that led to sexual dysfunction (SD) claims.MethodsThe Casetext legal research platform was queried using search terms for medical malpractice and common men’s health procedures between 1993 and 2020. In total, 236 cases were found, and 21 cases met the inclusion criteria: malpractice cases against a urologist or urology group, clearly stated legal outcome, and allegation of sexual dysfunction from an intervention that directly caused damages.ResultsA total of 42 damages were cited in 21 lawsuits. The top three damages claimed were erectile dysfunction (ED) (14/42, 33.3%), genital pain syndrome (7/42, 16.7%), and urinary incontinence (5/42, 11.9%). The most commonly cited treatments were urinary catheter placement or removal (3/21, 14.3%), robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) (3/21, 14.3%), circumcision (3/21, 14.3%), and penile implant (3/21, 14.3%). In 19 of 21 suits (90.4%), the outcome favored the defendant. Two cases favored the plaintiff: penile implant (failure to prove the patient was permanently, organically impotent prior to the procedure; missed urethral injury at time of surgery, $300 000) and vasectomy (damage to vasculature resulting in loss of testicle, $300 000).ConclusionsMost suspected malpractice cases resulting in SD favored the defendant urologist. Interestingly, urinary catheter placement is as likely to result in litigation as other operative interventions, such as RALP, inflatable penile prosthesis, and circumcision. It is possible that thorough preoperative counselling and increased responsiveness to patients’ postoperative concerns may have avoided litigation in several cases.     

2016年海南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病与死亡分析

目的 对2016年海南省肿瘤登记地区的癌症发病率和死亡率进行分析,为癌症的预防和控制提供了基础依据.方法 通过中国肿瘤登记平台收集符合质量控制要求的6个肿瘤登记地区发病死亡数据及人口数据.按城乡、性别、年龄别划分,分别计算发病(死亡)率、中标率、世标率、构成比、0～74岁累积发病(死亡)率和前10位癌症发病死亡情况.结...     

甲状腺髓样癌人源噬菌体单链抗体的筛选及初步鉴定

目的：从大容量甲状腺髓样癌（medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC）人源噬菌体单链抗体（single chain variable fragments,scFv）库中筛选出特异的抗MTC单链抗体,并对其生物学特性进行鉴定。方法：分别以甲状腺上皮细胞TEC细胞株和MTC细胞TT细胞株为抗原进行5轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”的富集循环,筛选出抗MTC抗体,将筛选出的阳性克隆感染E.coli HB2151;异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷（isopropylβ-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside,IPTG）诱导抗体可溶性表达,HiTrapTM Anti E-tag柱纯化表达抗体;SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测抗体表达和相对分子质量;ELISA检测可溶性scFv的特异性和免疫活性,分为TT细胞组、SW480细胞组、TEC细胞组和PBS空白对照组,分别检测各组在酶标仪A450 nm处的吸光度;四甲基偶氮唑盐比色分析法（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT）分别检测TT细胞组、SW 480细胞组与不同浓度svFv反应并读取A490 nm处的吸光度,设置空白对照PBS组,分别计算细胞抑制率。结果：5轮筛选后,抗体得到了明显富集。随机挑取单个细菌克隆,phage ELISA 和scFv ELISA阳性率分别为65%和50%。SDS-PAGE、Western blot结果显示MTC特异性抗体分子量为28 kD左右。ELISA结果显示,TT细胞组的吸光度（0.41±0.12）较SW 480细胞组（0.20±0.03）、TEC细胞组（0.13±0.01）、PBS空白对照组（0.07±0.01）明显增加（P=0.000）。MTT法结果显示,TT细胞组和SW 480细胞组在scFv浓度为0.1、1、10 μmol/L时,2细胞株间抑制率有统计学意义,统计量分别是t=2.881,P=0.02;t=5.073,P=0.006;t=7.324,P=0.000,且在scFv浓度为10 μmol /L时,对TT细胞的抑制率最高（0.59±0.15）％。结论：利用噬菌体抗体库技术成功获得了特异性的抗MTC人源单链抗体。     

酪蛋白磷酸多肽-无定形磷酸钙在固定正畸过程中预防釉质脱矿的临床研究

目的：研究酪蛋白磷酸多肽-无定形磷酸钙（casein phosphopeptide-amorphic calcium phosphate,CPP-ACP,商品名GC护牙素）在固定正畸过程中预防釉质脱矿的临床效果。方法：经签字同意进入实验的固定正畸患者60例,随机分为A、B、C 3 组,每组20名。A组：空白对照组。B组：氟化泡沫组。C组：CPP-ACP组。3 组患者从治疗起始,每月均使用Canon60D专业相机拍摄1次牙照片,共13次,观察时间为13个月。临床检测指标为牙面是否出现新增的白垩色斑点或龋洞,计算牙釉质脱矿指数（enamel demineralization index,EDI）。采用SPSS18.0 软件包进行统计分析。结果：（1）从12次牙釉质脱矿变化看,A、B、C 3 组的牙釉质脱矿率都随着时间的延长而增高;（2）3种不同处理方式EDI差异有统计学意义,两两比较发现：A、C 2 组高于B组,A、C 2组间差异无统计学意义。结论：（1）固定正畸所引起的牙釉质脱矿的发生率和严重程度与正畸时间呈正相关。（2）固定正畸患者,定期使用氟化泡沫能够有效减少釉质脱矿的发生。（3）接受固定矫治器治疗的正畸患者,定期使用护牙素是预防釉质脱矿的一种安全有效措施。