Management of tenosynovial giant cell tumour of the temporomandibular joint: a systematic review

Diffuse type tenosynovial giant cell tumour of the temporomandibular joint (D-TGCT-TMJ) is a rare proliferative disorder. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to summarize D-TGCT-TMJ management regimes and recurrence rates with at least 12 months of follow-up. Our secondary aim was to propose a minimum period of post-operative follow-up. A medline search for any D-TGCT-TMJ case detailing treatment, follow-up of at least 12 months, and presence of recurrence was undertaken. The following variables were extracted from the studies: patient's age and sex, presence of middle cranial fossa invasion, treatment undertaken, total length of follow-up, and presence of recurrence. All studies were assessed for bias as per the Joanna Briggs Institute systematic reviews appraisal tool. There were 63 cases reviewed and were predominantly managed with total resection (60.3%). Other modalities included: arthroplasty, subtotal resection with or without postoperative radiotherapy, medical therapy and surveillance. The recurrence rate was 9.52% and the longest follow-up period where recurrence was observed was at 60 months. Total resection and arthroplasty are common D-TGCT-TMJ management regimes. Patients with D-TGCT-TMJ should be followed up annually for at least 5 years postoperatively to assess for recurrence.