Functional blockage of open comedones

Sebum excretion rate was measured by a photometric technique. We demonstrated a high correlation between sebum excretion rates on the left and right sides of the upper back and between back and forehead skin. Sebum excretion rate measurements overlying an open comedone (blackhead) were significantly lower than those obtained from normal skin. This observation demonstrates a functional obstruction to the outflow of sebum and would suggest that the lack of involvement of open comedones in inflammatory acne is not because of the maintenance of a free flow of sebum.     

A surgically recovered case of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus--the significance of preoperative esophagoscopy for direct suture

A 65-year-old man with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus survived with a direct suture of the esophagus 15 hours after the onset of symptoms. Endoscopic examination of the esophagus was especially of great help in determining the surgical procedure in this patient, and we want to stress the importance of prompt diagnosis and immediate surgery for this disease.     

Effects of dexamethasone on central and peripheral ACTH systems in the rat

To investigate the simultaneous effects of dexamethasone on peripheral and central adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) systems, rats were treated with dexamethasone or saline for 4 days. Pituitary, plasma, hypothalamus and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were then collected and analyzed for ACTH immunoreactivity. Additionally, hypothalamic tissue extracts were analyzed for corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) immunoreactivity. Dexamethasone significantly lowered peripheral levels of ACTH as measured in pituitary and plasma. Hypothalamic ACTH content significantly increased while CSF ACTH significantly decreased with dexamethasone treatment. Hypothalamic CRH concentrations showed a small but statistically insignificant decrease. These results suggest that prolonged exposure to dexamethasone affects central as well as peripheral ACTH activity, corroborate our previous findings in rhesus monkeys of decreased CSF ACTH in response to prolonged dexamethasone treatment, suggest that dexamethasone may inhibit the release of ACTH from hypothalamic neurons into the CSF, and provide evidence that the effect of dexamethasone on pituitary ACTH content is of greater magnitude than its effect on hypothalamic CRH.     

Spiral coils for arterial occlusion

Roentgen endovascular occlusion with spiral emboli was used in 240 patients with different diseases. The introduction of spiral emboli into the arteries of abdominal and retroperitoneal organs was fulfilled through usual angiographic catheters. Duration of the arterial occlusion was checked up in the following angiographic examinations and showed the devices described to be appropriate for a continuous arterial blockade. No complications resulting from the introduction of the spiral embolus were noted.     

Snoring: not funny--not hopeless

Snoring means obstructive breathing during sleep, and its most exaggerated form is obstructive sleep apnea. Mild snoring may respond to simple self-help remedies. Heavy snoring responds well to the surgical removal or reconstruction of obstructive elements in the hypopharynx, nasopharynx or nasal passages.     

Helicobacter pylori; histological and cultural correlation in chronic gastritis.

Seventy seven antral biopsies were collected from patients attending endoscopy clinic at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during a period of six months between December 1988 to May 1989. Of these 69 (89.6%) showed chronic gastritis as well as Helicobacter-like organisms (HLOs) in the biopsy specimens while 63 (81.8%) of biopsies grew Helicobacter pylori on culture. These findings indicate a good correlation between the histological diagnosis of chronic gastritis and isolation of H. pylori on culture.     

Criteria for the evaluation of the biochemical composition of bile]

The authors suggest additional criteria evidencing inflammations in the gallbladder and colloid stability of the bile: bile acid absorption and cholesterol sedimentation coefficients. Derivation of these coefficients is based on biochemical examination of the bile with measurements of bile acid, cholesterol, and bilirubin concentrations in both portions. The results of examinations of 99 subjects evidence the diagnostic value and specificity of the characteristics, and availability of this method for clinical practice.     

Inpatient treatment of children with multiple personality/dissociative disorders and their families

A number of children who are admitted for inpatient psychiatric treatment have experienced significant trauma and abuse. It is important to evaluate them for the presence of a DD. The variety, complexity, and subtlety of the symptomatic presentation of childhood MPD makes differential diagnosis difficult, and it is probable that many cases have been missed in the past. Detailed historical information and extensive behavioral observations in a variety of settings can assist in establishing the diagnosis and in delineating areas for therapeutic intervention. Hospitalization may be necessary to conduct an adequate evaluation, develop a therapeutic alliance, safely manage behaviors that are injurious to the child or others, and/or to diffuse potentially volatile family situations. All members of a multidisciplinary inpatient team play important roles in the achievement of successful therapeutic intervention with dissociating children and their families. Skilled family therapy is often an important adjunct to therapeutic interventions focused on the child, particularly when the parent also has MPD. Knowledge of the psychodynamic issues involved in dissociation can be used to develop behavioral interventions that are successful in decreasing the child's need to dissociate, improving his or her overall functioning, and help him or her gain mastery over problematic behaviors.     

Genetic factors for the span of apprehension test: a study of normal twins.

The Partial Report Span of Apprehension test has been found to detect cognitive deficits in some first degree relatives of schizophrenic patients. To assess the relative contribution of genetic vs. environmental factors on this measure, 19 monozygotic and 14 dizygotic female twin pairs, selected from a normal population, were tested on the Span of Apprehension test and an IQ test. Both Span of Apprehension test performance and IQ score had high heritabilities: 0.65 and 0.71, respectively. The mode of transmission for performance on the Span of Apprehension test appears to operate in a nonadditive manner. A multivariate behavioral-genetic model applied to the Span of Apprehension and IQ measures indicated that slightly less than half of the genetic effects important for the Span of Apprehension test are found in common with the genetic factors important for IQ. The phenotypic correlation between the Span of Apprehension and IQ measures can be attributed entirely to genetic factors. The influence of unique genetic components in the performance of the Span of Apprehension test in the general population heightens the promise of this measure as a genetic marker for schizophrenia.