全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1611949篇 |
免费 | 119407篇 |
国内免费 | 3641篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 21162篇 |
儿科学 | 54181篇 |
妇产科学 | 43884篇 |
基础医学 | 240529篇 |
口腔科学 | 45786篇 |
临床医学 | 146862篇 |
内科学 | 309283篇 |
皮肤病学 | 36753篇 |
神经病学 | 122819篇 |
特种医学 | 60914篇 |
外国民族医学 | 376篇 |
外科学 | 240515篇 |
综合类 | 36448篇 |
现状与发展 | 2篇 |
一般理论 | 539篇 |
预防医学 | 123898篇 |
眼科学 | 37170篇 |
药学 | 119286篇 |
6篇 | |
中国医学 | 4130篇 |
肿瘤学 | 90454篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 17777篇 |
2017年 | 13965篇 |
2016年 | 15643篇 |
2015年 | 17288篇 |
2014年 | 23448篇 |
2013年 | 35973篇 |
2012年 | 47548篇 |
2011年 | 50455篇 |
2010年 | 29848篇 |
2009年 | 27859篇 |
2008年 | 46887篇 |
2007年 | 50010篇 |
2006年 | 50608篇 |
2005年 | 48014篇 |
2004年 | 46818篇 |
2003年 | 44856篇 |
2002年 | 43474篇 |
2001年 | 77358篇 |
2000年 | 79299篇 |
1999年 | 65786篇 |
1998年 | 18017篇 |
1997年 | 15783篇 |
1996年 | 16057篇 |
1995年 | 15324篇 |
1994年 | 14170篇 |
1993年 | 13207篇 |
1992年 | 51601篇 |
1991年 | 50662篇 |
1990年 | 49692篇 |
1989年 | 48557篇 |
1988年 | 44202篇 |
1987年 | 43713篇 |
1986年 | 41075篇 |
1985年 | 39468篇 |
1984年 | 29266篇 |
1983年 | 24724篇 |
1982年 | 14372篇 |
1981年 | 12878篇 |
1979年 | 26819篇 |
1978年 | 19196篇 |
1977年 | 16169篇 |
1976年 | 15421篇 |
1975年 | 16501篇 |
1974年 | 19694篇 |
1973年 | 18903篇 |
1972年 | 17588篇 |
1971年 | 16311篇 |
1970年 | 15403篇 |
1969年 | 14308篇 |
1968年 | 13208篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Rapid desensitization of the acute stimulatory effects of nicotine on rat plasma adrenocorticotropin and prolactin 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The dose of nicotine and the frequency of its administration appear to be essential determinants of its action on multiple systems including the neuroendocrine regulation of the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-corticosterone and prolactin (PRL) axes in the rat. Because desensitization to the acute depressive effects of nicotine has been observed after both acute and chronic administration, these investigations assessed whether desensitization to the stimulative effects of nicotine on ACTH and PRL secretion occurs with repetitive dosing. Extensive dose and time course experiments showed that nicotine rapidly elevates rat plasma ACTH and PRL levels with a threshold dose between 0.1 to 0.25 mg/kg b.wt. i.p. After the stimulation of PRL, levels became significantly depressed. Desensitization to the acute stimulatory effects of nicotine on both hormones was induced by a single dose of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg). One hour later nicotine (1.0 mg/kg) failed to significantly stimulate PRL levels and resulted in a modest increase of ACTH. Desensitization was maximal by 1 hr after the first dose and persisted for at least 6 hr. Adrenalectomy, performed to eliminate corticosterone-induced negative feedback, did not enhance PRL responsiveness to a second dose of nicotine but it partially restored the ACTH response. Pretreatment with corticosterone also failed to modify the PRL response to a single dose of nicotine whereas it partially suppressed the ACTH response. Rapid desensitization to the acute stimulatory effects of nicotine on plasma PRL is independent of glucocorticoid negative-feedback whereas desensitization of the ACTH response is modestly dependent. 相似文献
992.
The concentration of microsomal cytochromes P-450, and of protein in the homogenate, cytosol and microsomes were measured in the liver, kidney and duodenal mucosa of healthy well-fed male and female camels, sheep and goats. For comparison, data from the liver of male and female rats were also obtained. The protein concentrations in the tissues of adult animals were broadly similar in the four species. The concentration of cytochromes P-450 was highest in the liver, followed by the kidney, then the duodenal mucosa in all the species. No cytochromes P-450 were detected in the tissues of immature (less than 1 mo) male goats, whereas the female goat had the highest concentrations of these enzymes in the liver and kidney when compared with the respective tissues in the other species studied. Males had higher activity of cytochromes P-450 than females in the three tissues, except in the duodenal mucosa of sheep, where males had lower activity than females. In camel liver and sheep kidney, the amount of cytochromes P-450 were similar in the two sexes. The present results suggest that the mature female goat is the species best equipped to handle xenobiotics which are detoxified by the cytochromes P-450 and other drug metabolizing enzymes in diseased or malnourished animals is suggested as these two conditions are known to modify drug metabolizing enzymes. 相似文献
993.
A retrospective review was conducted of 1,230 human poison exposures in which syrup of ipecac was administered to determine the availability of this emetic. Ipecac was available in 41.1% of the homes, while 42.5% obtained it from the pharmacy. Eight and two tenths percent were referred to a health care facility, 2.9% obtained ipecac from a neighbor, 2.3% went to an emergency room prior to calling the poison center, and 3% obtained ipecac from other sources. A randomly selected sample of 150 of these 1,230 cases were contacted 6 months after their initial call to the poison center to determine any changes in the availability of syrup of ipecac in the home. Although almost 30% more homes had syrup of ipecac than previously, 22.2% of homes still did not have ipecac available, despite the previous poisoning experience. Greater effort should be made during follow-up to educate the public regarding ipecac and its use. 相似文献
994.
R Mandeville F Dumas A Amarouch S Sidrac-Ghali M C Walker M Zelechowska I Ajdukovic B Grouix 《Hybridoma》1987,6(5):441-451
This study reports the purification and characterization of a high molecular weight human breast cancer-associated antigen identified by a previously described (1,2) murine monoclonal antibody, BCD-B4. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that BCD-B4 recognizes an antigen expressed in an altered form on the human breast carcinoma cell line, BT-20, compared to the non-malignant human mammary epithelial cell line, HBL-100. Chemical treatments and enzymatic digestions suggested that the recognized moiety was a protein. The antigenic determinant was resistant to neuraminidase and periodate treatments but was sensitive to trypsin and proteinase K. The antigen was purified by affinity chromatography and its molecular weight, determined by SDS-PAGE analysis under non-reducing conditions, was proven to be 250 Kd. Under reducing conditions, the molecule dissociated into two polypeptides of 125 and 45 Kd, respectively. Both subunits could be isolated from normal HBL-100 and neoplastic BT-20 cellular protein extracts by affinity chromatography. The higher molecular weight subunit showed; however, qualitative and quantitative differences between the two cell lines: it was expressed in greater quantity on BT-20 cells and its molecular weight was 15 Kd higher. Both subunits could also be identified by immunoblots of BT-20 cells. 相似文献
995.
996.
Janette B Gomos Theresa M Rowe Saumendra N Sarkar Sean P Kessler Ganes C Sen 《Journal of interferon & cytokine research》2002,22(2):199-206
The 9-2 isozyme of 2-5 (A) synthetase has cellular proapoptotic functions that are mediated not by enzyme activity but by the Bcl-2 homology domain 3 present in its unique carboxyl-terminal region. Another proapoptotic cellular protein is Bax, whose absence in the Bax(-/-) mice causes male sterility due to abnormal sperm differentiation. In this study, we examined whether transgenic 9-2 expression can substitute for the in vivo reproductive function of Bax. To achieve this goal, a sperm-specific promoter was used to drive the expression of 9-2 in the sperm of transgenic mice. By selective cross-breeding, the transgene was transferred to Bax(-/-) mice to generate the experimental mouse line (Bax(-/-), 9-2(+/+)). The male experimental mice were sterile, and their testes maintained the structural abnormality found in Bax(-/-) mice. Thus, the male reproduction functions of Bax could not be replaced by the 9-2 isozyme of 2-5 (A) synthetase. 相似文献
997.
Neuropsychiatric disturbances are extremely common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and represent integral features of the illness,
as well as appropriate targets for therapy. We are interested in designing trials aimed at preventing or delaying the emergence
of psychopathology in AD. For symptomatic treatment of agitation, mood stabilizers, particularly sodium valproate, have proved
to be beneficial in some patients. Since these effects take several weeks to emerge, we considered that they might be dependent
on potentially neuroprotective actions of valproate, such as inhibition of apoptosis and slowing of neurofibrillary tangle
formation. In this article we present the rationale for testing the neuroprotective potential of valproate experimentally
in mouse models of tauopathy and in a clinical trial of patients with AD who lack psychopathology at baseline. Together, these
studies will provide important tests of the hypothesis that valproate, either through inhibition of tau phosphorylation or
some other mechanism, is a useful therapeutic agent to modify disease progression in AD. 相似文献
998.
With the increased use of indwelling central venous catheters, increasing numbers of cases of Rhodotorula fungemia have been observed in patients with neoplasia and neutropenia. In most patients with catheter-related Rhodotorula fungemia, the condition has been treated with broadspectrum antibiotics. We report two cases of central venous catheter-related
Rhodotorula rubra fungemia that occurred in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Both patients were in a state of neutropenia. One patient
was treated with amphotericin B and his central venous catheter was removed, but he died of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. The other patient was treated with amphotericin B and discharged, with a central venous catheter, after recovery
from neutropenia. Although the management of catheter-related Rhodotorula fungemia infections remains controversial, resolution of the underlying disease is more important than catheter removal for
recovery from Rhodotorula rubra fungemia.
Received: August 22, 2001 / Accepted: October 8, 2001 相似文献
999.
Thomas L Eggerman Traci Heath Mondoro Jay N Lozier Jaroslav G Vostal 《Human gene therapy》2002,13(1):125-128
Adenoviruses are commonly used as vectors in human clinical gene therapy trials. High doses of intravenous adenovirus vectors have been associated with development of thrombocytopenia of undetermined origin. Viral internalization requires the presence cell surface integrins, alpha(v)beta(3) or alpha(v)beta(5), that can blind ligands with a arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence. This sequence is found in the adenovirus penton base. Platelets express the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and other integrins that bind the RGD sequence of ligands such as fibrinogen, laminin, vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Platelet aggregation is mediated, in part, by the binding of the RGD sequence of fibrinogen to a platelet surface integrin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa). We investigated whether adenovirus particles could interfere with or potentiate agonist-induced platelet aggregation. Incubation of platelet-rich plasma with adenovirus under stirred conditions did not promote spontaneous aggregation. The addition of physiological platelet agonists, ADP, collagen, or epinephrine, induced platelet aggregation. However, the presence of adenovirus in a wide range of concentrations did not inhibit or potentiate agonist-induced aggregation. These results suggest that the adenovirus-associated thrombocytopenia observed in vivo is independent of a direct effect of the virus on platelet aggregation. 相似文献
1000.
Hinrich Böhner Detlef Kindgen-Milles Andreas Grust Rolf Buhl Wolf-Christian Lillotte Barbara T. Müller Eckhard Müller Günter Fürst Wilhelm Sandmann 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2002,387(1):21-26
BACKGROUND: The efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) as a prophylactic method for preventing cardiopulmonary complications after major vascular surgery has not been investigated. PATIENTS/METHODS: In a prospective randomized trial, 204 patients undergoing elective midline laparotomy for vascular surgery were randomized to receive standard therapy ( n=105) or additional prophylactic nCPAP ( n=99) for the first postoperative night. Postoperative oxygenation, incidence of severe cardiac, and pulmonary complications, length of intensive care surveillance and length of total postoperative hospital stay (LOS) were compared. RESULTS: Prophylactic nCPAP significantly reduced the number of patients with severe oxygenation disturbances defined as paO(2) < 70 mmHg with FiO(2) > or = 0.7 (5 versus 17, P=.01). There were no differences with respect to death, cardiac and pulmonary complications, length of intensive care surveillance or LOS. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic 12 h nCPAP significantly reduces the occurrence of postoperative oxygenation disturbances but has no effect on cardiac or pulmonary complications, need for intensive care, LOS or mortality after major vascular surgery. 相似文献