Can clinical data help to screen patients with lymphoma for MR imaging of bone marrow?

Background: Previous studies have suggested combining magneticresonance (MR) imaging and biopsy in patients with lymphomabut associations between MR results and clinical symptoms havenever been investigated. The purpose of this retrospective studywas to better delineate patients profiles requiring bone marrow(BM) imaging in lymphoma Materials and methods: 50 MR studies and blind biopsies (BB)were reviewed in 40 patients with lymphoma. MR results werecompared to clinical, laboratory-based and BM follow-up datato determine potential associations between MR results and theseparameters Results: 46% of MR studies were abnormal with a normal BB; 2%were normal with an abnormal BB. Abnormal MR results were significantlyassociated with subsequent bone marrow involvement (p<0.01).Abnormal MR studies were significantly associated with constitutionalsymptoms, bone pains (p<0.05) and an elevated alkaline phosphataselevel (p < 0.01). MR imaging excluded malignancy in threepatients and caused therapy to be modified in three Conclusions: Abnormal clinical and laboratory-based data shouldbe used to screen patients with normal BB for MR imaging, especiallyin patients with Hodgkin's disease and high grade non-Hodgkin'slymphoma biopsy, bone marrow, comparative studies, lymphoma, magnetic resonance studies     

Die Pigmentierung der Nierenpapillen und der Schleimhaut der ableitenden Harnwege bei der chronischen sklerosierenden interstitiellen Nephritis („Phenacetinniere“)

Zusammenfassung Bei der chronischen sklerosierenden interstitiellen Nephritis (Phenacetinniere) sind außer den Papillen der Niere nicht selten auch die Schleimhäute der ableitenden Harnwege braun gefärbt. Nierenpapillen und Schleimhäute von 8 einschlägigen Fällen wurden eingehend histologisch und chemisch untersucht. Die auffallende Färbung ist durch ein diffuses in geschädigten Kollagenfasern abgelagertes Pigment bedingt. Das histochemisch nicht näher klassifizierbare Pigment ist mit einer stärkeren Ablagerung von mit ungesättigten Fettsäuren auffällig angereicherten Cholesterinestern gekoppelt. Das Pigment ist wahrscheinlich lipogener Natur.

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The pigmentation of the renal papillae and the mucosa of the urinary tract in chronic sclerosing interstitial nephritis (Phenacetin-niere)

Summary In sclerosing interstitial nephritis (Phenacetin-kidney) the renal papillae and occasionally the mucosa of the urinary tract are discolored brown. In eight cases the renal papillae and the mucosa were studied histologically and chemically. The striking color is due to a diffuse pigmentation in damaged collagen fibrils. The pigment, which cannot be classified histochemically, is conjugated with larger deposits of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol esters. Probably the pigment is of lipogenic nature.

     

In vivo degradation of resin-dentin bonds produced by a self-etch and an etch-and-rinse adhesive

Resin-dentin bonds are known to degrade in the relatively aggressive oral environment. In order to obtain greater insight into the interfacial degradation process, we examined, by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the interfacial ultrastructure of two adhesives bonded to dentin after 1 yr in vivo. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 14 intact teeth of two monkeys and then restored by using either the two-step self-etch adhesive, Unifil Bond, or the two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive, Single Bond, in combination with the restorative microhybrid composite, Z250. After 1 yr, 10 other teeth were restored by using the same materials (controls). One day later, the monkeys were killed, following which the microtensile bond strength to dentin was determined and the interfacial ultrastructure was examined by TEM. Whereas no noticeable changes in the morphology of the resin-dentin interface were observed between the 1-d and 1-yr specimens for Unifil Bond, Single Bond exhibited signs of interfacial degradation, in particular at the bottom of the 3 microm-deep hybrid layer. In conclusion, the adhesive interface produced by the etch-and-rinse adhesive was less resistant to degradation than that produced by the self-etch system.     

Aldosterone effects on electrolyte transport of the lower intestine (coprodeum and colon) of the fowl (Gallus domesticus) in vitro

Hens were maintained on commercial (high-Na) poultry food or on a wheat and barley (WB; low-Na) diet. Stripped mucosae from coprodeum and colon were mounted in a Ussing chamber, and short-circuit current (I_sc), electrical potential difference (PD), and tissue resistance were measured. Tissue responses to addition of amino acids and amiloride were assessed. Coprodeum from commercial-diet birds had near-zero I_sc and PD. WB diet enhanced the average I_sc to 201 μA/cm² and the PD to 33 mV. The I_sc and PD were abolished by amiloride, but were not responsive to amino acids. Colon from commericial-diet birds had fairly high I_sc (134 μA/cm²) and PD (10 mV); I_sc and PD were increased by amino acids (by 45%) and not affected byamiloride. WB diet augmented I_sc to 379 μA/cm² and PD to 20 mV, abolished amino acid sensitivity, and induced almost complete sensitivity to amiloride. Birds maintained on WB diet had higher plasma aldosterone concentrations (9.6 pg/100 μl) than commercial-diet birds (5.8 pg/100 μl), but diet did not affect plasma corticosterone concentrations. In vivo injections of aldosterone (32–128 μg/kg body weight) into commercial-diet birds induced changes in I_sc and PD of coprodeum and colon, and changes in amino acid and amiloride sensitivity of colon, resembling the changes associated with WB maintenance, but of generally lesser magnitude. It is concluded that aldosterone injections reproduced qualitatively all the effects of a low-Na diet.     

Effect of chlorpromazine on ion transport induced by cholera toxin, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in isolated mucosa from hen intestine

The isolated short circuit mucosa of chicken colon was established as an in vitro model for studies of the pathophysiology of diarrhoea and the mechanism of action of antidiarrhoeic drugs. Cholera toxin, 10(-7) M, added to the mucosal aide of the preparation, caused in a delayed reaction a pronounced increase of short circuit current (Isc). Cyclic AMP, which mediates the effect of cholera toxin (when added serosal) induced an immediate rise of Isc. Half maximal reaction was achieved at 3 mM cyclic AMP and maximal at 7 mM. The increase of Isc corresponded to the increase in the flux of chloride from serosa to mucosa. Unlike cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP almost equally stimulated sodium and chloride transport from serosa to mucosa. Unlike cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP almost equally stimulated sodium and chloride transport from serosa to mucosa, while the effect on Isc of the two nucleotides was additive. Chlorpromazine, which effectively reverses diarrhoea in cholera patients, totally normalized Isc after treatment with either cholera toxin, cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP. This reduction was achieved by a specific stimulation of transport of chloride from mucosa to serosa. The effect occurred also without previous treatment of the tissue with secretagogues (cholera toxin, cyclic nucleotides). No change in mucosal resistance was induced by chlorpromazine or cyclic GMP while it was reduced by cyclic AMP.