全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1926篇 |
免费 | 116篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 17篇 |
儿科学 | 151篇 |
妇产科学 | 88篇 |
基础医学 | 329篇 |
口腔科学 | 44篇 |
临床医学 | 129篇 |
内科学 | 383篇 |
皮肤病学 | 97篇 |
神经病学 | 99篇 |
特种医学 | 79篇 |
外科学 | 146篇 |
综合类 | 25篇 |
预防医学 | 115篇 |
眼科学 | 37篇 |
药学 | 150篇 |
中国医学 | 14篇 |
肿瘤学 | 144篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 29篇 |
2021年 | 39篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 49篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 65篇 |
2015年 | 65篇 |
2014年 | 76篇 |
2013年 | 89篇 |
2012年 | 183篇 |
2011年 | 167篇 |
2010年 | 101篇 |
2009年 | 73篇 |
2008年 | 139篇 |
2007年 | 112篇 |
2006年 | 114篇 |
2005年 | 121篇 |
2004年 | 101篇 |
2003年 | 92篇 |
2002年 | 75篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1924年 | 1篇 |
1922年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2047条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
Inci Kazkayasi Nihan Burul-Bozkurt Muhammad-Al-Mustafa Ismail Paula Merino-Serrais Can Pekiner Angel Cedazo-Minguez Serdar Uma 《Pharmacological reports : PR》2018,70(4):677-683
Background
Many studies have indicated a relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanism underlying this association has not been clarified. Among several factors, insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), which plays roles in the degradation of both insulin and amyloid β (Aβ), has gained interest as a potential target in efforts to solve this puzzle. This study sought to examine the effects of varying insulin and/or glucose concentrations on IDE expression.Methods
Experiments were performed on primary cultured rat neurons and cortices of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. IDE protein and mRNA expression levels were measured by western blot and RT-PCR, respectively.Results
In primary cultured cortical neurons, removal of insulin for 5 days reduced the expression of IDE. A five-day treatment with a high concentration of glucose in insulin-free media reduced IDE levels, while a high concentration of glucose in the presence of insulin had no effect. In groups treated with glucose or insulin intermittently, the reduction in IDE levels was observed only in neurons exposed to high glucose together with no insulin for 5 days. Shorter incubation periods (48 h), either continuously or intermittently, did not affect IDE levels. IDE expression in the cortex of rats with STZ-induced diabetes was found to be decreased.Conclusion
Our data suggest that insulin deprivation, rather than high glucose, is a significant determinant of IDE regulation. As evidence indicates potential roles for IDE in diabetes and AD, understanding the mechanisms regulating IDE expression may be important in developing new treatment strategies. 相似文献32.
β‐adrenergic Receptor Blocker ICI 118,551 Selectively Increases Intermediate‐Conductance Calcium‐Activated Potassium Channel (IKCa)‐Mediated Relaxations in Rat Main Mesenteric Artery 下载免费PDF全文
Endothelial IKCa and/or SKCa channels play an important role in the control of vascular tone by participating in endothelium‐dependent relaxation. Whether β‐AR antagonists, mainly used in hypertension, affect endothelial KCa channel function is unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of the β2‐AR antagonist and inverse agonist ICI 118,551 on the IKCa/SKCa channel activity by assessing functional relaxation responses to several agonists that stimulate these channels. Mesenteric arterial rings isolated from male Sprague Dawley mounted to organ baths. Acetylcholine elicited IKCa‐ and SKCa‐mediated relaxations that were abolished by TRAM‐34 and apamin, respectively. ICI 118,551, which did not dilate the arteries per se, increased the IKCa‐mediated relaxations, whereas SKCa‐mediated relaxations remained unaltered. Same potentiating effect was also detected on the IKCa‐mediated relaxations to carbachol and A23187, but not to NS309. Neither acetylcholine‐induced nitric oxide‐mediated relaxations nor SNP relaxations changed with ICI 118,551. The PKA inhibitor KT‐5720, the selective β2‐AR agonist salbutamol, the selective β2‐AR antagonist butoxamine, the non‐selective β‐AR antagonist propranolol, and the inverse agonists carvedilol or nadolol failed to affect the IKCa‐mediated relaxations. ICI 118,551‐induced increase was not reversed by salbutamol or propranolol as well. Besides, low potassium‐induced relaxations in endothelium‐removed arteries remained the same in the presence of ICI 118,551. These data demonstrate a previously unrecognized action of ICI 118,551, the ability to potentiate endothelial IKCa channel‐mediated vasodilation, through a mechanism independent of β2‐AR antagonistic or inverse agonistic action. Instead, the enhancement of acetylcholine relaxation seems likely to occur by a mechanism secondary to endothelial calcium increase. 相似文献
33.
34.
V. Kumar Uma Bhandari C. D. Tripathi Geetika Khanna 《Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2014,76(4):315-322
Obesity is associated with numerous co-morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and others. Therefore, the present study was planned to investigate the effect of water- soluble fraction of Gymnema sylvestre ethanol extract on biochemical and molecular alterations in obese diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single i.v. injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) via tail vein. Obesity was induced by oral feeding of high fat diet for a period of 28 days in diabetic rats. Body weight gain, food intake, water intake, hemodynamic parameters (systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressures and heart rate), serum biochemical parameters (leptin, insulin, lipid levels, apolipoprotein B and glucose), cardiomyocyte apoptosis (cardiac caspase-3, Na+/K+ ATPase activity and DNA fragmentation) organs and visceral fat pad weight and oxidative stress parameters were measured. Oral treatment with water soluble fraction of Gymnema sylvestre ethanol extracts (120 mg/kg/p.o.) for a period of 21 days, resulted in significant reduction in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, serum leptin, insulin, apolipoprotein B, lipids, glucose, cardiac caspase-3 levels, Na+/K+ ATPase activity and DNA laddering, visceral fat pad and organ''s weight and improved the antioxidant enzymes levels in the high fat diet induced obesity in diabetic rats. The results of present study reveal that water soluble fraction of Gymnema sylvestre ethanol extract could be useful intervention in the treatment of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
35.
Moloud Aflaki Sooreshjani Ulvi K. Gursoy Uma K. Aryal Herman O. Sintim 《RSC advances》2018,8(64):36840
Global and quantitative analysis of the proteome help to reveal how host cells sense invading bacteria and respond to bacterial signaling molecules. Here, we performed label free quantitative proteomic analysis of RAW macrophages treated with host-derived cGAMP and bacterial-derived c-di-GMP, in an attempt to identify cellular pathways impacted by these dinucleotides and determine if the host responds differentially to these two cyclic dinucleotides. We identified a total of 3811 proteins of which abundances of 404 proteins in cGAMP and 236 proteins in c-di-GMP treated cells were significantly different compared to the control. Many of the proteins that were strongly and commonly upregulated, such as interferon-induced proteins 47, 202 and 204 (Ifi47, Ifi202, Ifi204), ubiquitin-activating enzyme E7 (Uba7), interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1, 2 or 3 (Ifit1, Ifit2, Ifit3), ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 (ISG15), might be due to the fact that both dinucleotides promote the production of interferons, which induce the expression of many proteins. However, there were also other proteins that were differentially affected by cGAMP or c-di-GMP treatment, including probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX58 (Dhx58), nuclear autoantigen Sp-100 (Sp100), MARCKS-related protein (Marcksl1) and antigen peptide transporter 2 (Tap2). This is probably due to the differential levels of IFNs produced by the dinucleotides or may indicate that non-STING activation might also contribute to the host''s response to c-di-GMP and cGAMP. Interestingly Trex1, a nuclease that degrades DNA (an activator of cGAS to produce cGAMP), was upregulated (3.22 fold) upon cGAMP treatment, hinting at a possible feedback loop to regulate cGAMP synthesis. These results lay a foundation for future studies to better characterize and understand the complex c-di-GMP and cGAMP signaling network.cGAMP modulates proteins involved in antigen presentation and inflammation. 相似文献
36.
Bharti Uma Sharma Eshan Parihar Jyoti Sharma Namrata 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India. Section B.》2019,89(4):1373-1378
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences - Artemisia maritima L., a potent source of Santonin (a drug used to expel roundworms), forms isolated... 相似文献
37.
38.
Atul Mehta David J. Kuter Sam S. Salek Nadia Belmatoug Bruno Bembi Jeremy Bright Stephan vom Dahl Federica Deodato Maja Di Rocco Ozlem Göker‐Alpan Derralynn A. Hughes Elena A. Lukina Maciej Machaczka Eugen Mengel Aabha Nagral Kimitoshi Nakamura Aya Narita Beatriz Oliveri Gregory Pastores Jordi Pérez‐López Uma Ramaswami Ida V. Schwartz Jeff Szer Neal J. Weinreb Ari Zimran 《Internal medicine journal》2019,49(5):578-591
39.
Mylan T. Nguyen Uma R. Phatak Linda T. Li Stephanie C. Hicks Jennifer M. Moffett Nestor A. Arita Rachel L. Berger Lillian S. Kao Mike K. Liang 《The Journal of surgical research》2014
Background
The incidence of incisional hernias after stoma reversal is not well reported. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature reporting data on incisional hernias after stoma reversal. We evaluated both the incidence of stoma site and midline incisional hernias.Methods
A systematic review identified studies published between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2012, reporting the incidence of incisional hernia after stoma reversal at either the stoma site or at the midline incision (in cases requiring laparotomy). Pediatric studies were excluded. Assessment of risk of bias, detection method, and essential study-specific characteristics (follow-up duration, stoma type, age, body mass index, and so forth) was done.Results
Sixteen studies were included in the analysis; 1613 patients had 1613 stomas formed. Fifteen studies assessed stoma site hernias and five studies assessed midline incisional hernias. The median (range) incidence of stoma site incisional hernias was 8.3% (range 0%–33.9%) and for midline incisional hernias was 44.1% (range 8.7%–58.1%). When evaluating only studies with a low risk of bias, the incidence for stoma site incisional hernias is closer to one in three and for midline incisional hernias is closer to one in two.Conclusion
Stoma site and midline incisional hernias are significant clinical complications of stoma reversals. The quality of studies available is poor and heterogeneous. Future prospective randomized controlled trials or observational studies with standardized follow-up and outcome definitions/measurements are needed. 相似文献40.
Tamir Bloom MD Caixia Zhao MD Alpesh Mehta MD Uma Thakur MD John Koerner MD Sanjeev Sabharwal MD MPH 《Clinical orthopaedics and related research》2014,472(12):3779-3788