重组合异种骨临床疗效观察

重组合异种骨（ＲＨＢ）骨形成蛋白（ＢＭＤ）与去除抗原特性后的异种松质骨的复合物，是近年来医学研究的一个新成果。既具有ＢＭＰ的高度诱导成骨作用，又具有松质骨的支架作用，十分便于临床使用、填充骨缺损。作者等应用ＲＨＢ治疗１６例骨缺损及骨不连，证实它是一种高效的成骨诱导物质，诱导生骨作用肯定，无明显副作用，临床使用方便，较自体骨移植愈合时间快，避免了取自体髂骨的痛苦。作者等认为，本生物制品颇值得大力推广应用。     

钻颅碎吸治疗急性期高血压性脑出血疗效观察

目的总结钻颅碎吸治疗高血压性脑出血的疗效。方法利用配对方法与保守治疗病人进行对比。碎吸组反复穿刺血肿,调整血压。对照组采取降颅压,营养脑细胞等内科治疗。结果碎吸组病死率15.6%,对照组病死率27%,两组相比P<0.05,CT观察发现,碎吸治疗可加速血肿的吸收。半年后随访结果表明,碎吸治疗可降低致残率。结论钻颅碎吸术可作为治疗部分高血压性脑出血病人的理想选择。     

Application of glow curve analysis methods to improve TLD-100 dose reassessment performance.

This paper presents a method of improving the TLD-100 dose reassessment performance. This method consists of applying numerical analysis techniques for evaluating the TLD-100 phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) glow curve. From this analysis, a simple procedure for estimating the ultraviolet background components usually present in phototransferred thermoluminescence (TL) signals has been established. This procedure has been implemented in a computer program which performs the automatic evaluation of the glow curves and extracts the dose information contained in the PTTL curves. The use of this computer-aided evaluational method has enabled the extension of the working range of estimated absorbed dose down to 0.2-0.5 mGy with very adequate operational quality for doses even below the conventionally admitted lower reestimation limit (approximately 2 mGy). Because TL readout is a destructive process, the ability to reestimate doses can be important in any kind of dosimetric activity, such as operational dosimetry programs. The other commonly used dosimeter, film, uses a nondestructive readout and, therefore, presents some advantages over TLD when dose reassessment is necessary. With the reported improvements in the TLD-100 dose reassessment performance, the full range of absorbed doses covered by film dosimetry can now be reliably reassessed using TLD-100 dosimeters.     

The effect of fraction time in intensity modulated radiotherapy: theoretical and experimental evaluation of an optimisation problem.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), the complexity and the number of treatment fields have expanded. This may imply that the delivery time for each fraction becomes prolonged. In a number of IMRT techniques used in the clinic, the delivery time per fraction is usually 10-15 min, sometimes more than 15 min. In studies on human skin, prolonged delivery time is shown to cause significant reduction of radiation effects compared with acute irradiation. In this paper the effect of changes in fraction delivery time was studied by in vitro irradiation of mammalian cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Chinese hamster fibroblasts (V79-379-A) were used for simulating clinical situations. Most experiments were performed with 2Gy/fraction with 4-h intervals in 40-60 replicates. Each fraction was divided into different subfractions, simulating the delivery of a complicated treatment. The effect of changing the delivery time for each fraction was studied. Parameters for the cell survival curve and repair kinetics were determined experimentally. The same methods were also used for large fraction sizes (8Gy). The validity of the most widely used models in the literature, all derived from linear-quadratic formalism, were tested against the experimental results. RESULTS: The effect of prolonging the fraction time for 2-Gy fractions was underestimated by the biological models. The experiments showed that 10-min prolonged delivery time gave a ratio between surviving fractions at 2Gy (S-ratio) of 1.054 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.030-1.080, while the models predicted 1.007 and 1.009. Extending the fraction time to 20 min gave an S-ratio of 1.063 with CI of 1.045-1.080, while the models predicted 1.012 and 1.014. For 8-Gy fractions, there was a good agreement between predications and experimental results. The ratio between surviving fractions at 8Gy is 1.370 with CI of 1.300-1.440, while the models predicated 1.37 and 1.35. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of prolonging fraction time at conventional dose/fraction is underestimated by biological models. Prolonging the fraction time will spare tissues with a fast DNA repair. There is a risk for sparing tumours. This should be considered when IMRT technique is implemented in the clinic.     

Antimutagenic properties of bell and black peppers.

The wing Somatic Mutation And Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster was used to study the modulating action of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and black pepper (Piper nigrum) in combination with the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and the promutagen agent ethyl carbamate (EC). Larvae trans-heterozygous for the third chromosome recessive markers multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare-3 [flr(3)] were fed genotoxins alone or in combination with each of the two spices. Genetic changes induced in somatic cells of the wing's imaginal discs lead to the formation of mutant clones on the wing blade. Our results showed that bell pepper was effective in reducing the mutational events induced by EC and MMS and black pepper was only effective against EC. Pretreatment of 2-day-old larvae with the spices for 24 h followed by a treatment with EC and MMS was only effective in reducing mutations induced by EC. Suppression of metabolic activation or interaction with the active groups of mutagens could be mechanisms by which the spices exert their antimutagenic action.     

Sustained-release theophylline-uniphyllin in nocturnal asthmatics

For a period of six months, we collected 12 cases of nocturnal asthmatics (7 males, 5 females); their ages ranged from 20 to 66 (the average age is 49). We found that administration of Uniphyllin (10 mg/kg) once a day at 6 PM could maintain the blood level of theophylline within therapeutic range at least 12 to 24 hrs. The peak expiratory flow rate of the 6 cases we collected, were significantly improved. The result of pharmokinetic parameters: 1) The average of a single dose (12 cases) is AUC (ug. hr/ml) 275.1 +/- 62. k; Kel (hr-1) 0.068 +/- 0.019; Ka (hr-1) 0.33 +/- 0.07); Tmax (hr) 6.3 +/- 1.4; T 1/2 (hr) 11.2 +/- 4.4; Clearance/F (ml/kg/hr) 37.9 +/- 9.0.2). The average of steady state (12 cases) is Css (mg/L) 5. 7 +/- 2.6; Cmax-Cmin (mg/L) 10.09 +/- 1.46.3). The average of relative bioavailability (3 cases) is 82%, 83%, 102%. However, the extent of absorption data is available for only 3 subjects. There are too few subjects to draw any meaningful conclusions about this relative bioavailability. Four cases show slight symptoms, including 1 case of dizziness, 2 cases of nausea, and 1 case gaseousness. It is suggested that the drug be administered at about 6-8 PM to coincide peak levels in the early morning in nocturnal asthmatics.     

Aging reverts to juvenile conditions the synaptic connectivity of cerebral cortical pyramidal shafts.

Quantitative analysis of the total number and distribution of dendritic spines along the apical shafts of layer V cerebral cortical pyramids has been performed on aging rats (90-120 to 1,135 days old) and on rats during the period of early and late development (10-80 days). As expected from previous work, present results show that the total number of dendritic spines along the shafts increase from 10 to 80 days, after which it starts to gradually decrease until the last age studied (1,135 days). The quantitative analysis of the effect of aging on the relative decrease of dendritic spines shows that this decrease starts being homogeneous along the whole length of the apical shafts and that from a certain age onwards, estimated according to present results in 400 days, this effect is significantly more pronounced in layers IV and III-II than in deep layers. Furthermore, the comparison made between the distribution of dendritic spines along the apical shafts of pyramidal neurons of old and young animals has shown that aging produces a regression of this distribution to juvenile conditions.