突眼和颅面部发育不良的外科矫治术

目的　分析手术治疗颅面发育不良所致突眼症的效果和并发症。方法　针对不同年龄的患者 ,选用 3种不同的手术方法 :1～ 3岁者 ,选用全额骨块截骨和额眶带前移手术 ;4～ 15岁者 ,选用LeFortⅢ型颅面部截骨和骨牵拉成骨术 ;16岁以上患者 ,选用LeFortⅢ型颅面部截骨前移术 ,于截骨当时即期前移颅骨或中面部骨架。结果　 18例患者均取得了良好的治疗效果 ,眼球突出度平均减少 7 7mm ,前颅底前后向深度平均增加 8 2mm ,眼眶下缘平均前移 7 8mm ,颅底相对上颌骨的夹角平均增加 9°,提示术后眼球突出度和颜面外形接近正常同龄人。结论　颅面截骨后即期前移 ,或者截骨手术后用骨牵引方式逐渐前移颅面结构 ,以增加眼眶的容积 ,是治疗颅面发育不良所致突眼症的最佳方法。     

A liquid hexavalent combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae type B and hepatitis B: review of immunogenicity and safety

To reduce the number of injections needed to comply with paediatric vaccination requirements, a liquid, hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-IPV-PRP-T-HBs; Hexavac; Aventis Pasteur MSD) has been developed for primary and booster vaccination of infants and toddlers. In extensive clinical studies, Hexavac has been shown to be highly immunogenic. Seroconversion or seroprotective titres of antibodies against all antigens were achieved in the majority of infants following a primary series of three doses administered at 1-2-month intervals from 2 months of age. Hexavac also induced immunologic memory, as evidenced by the anamnestic response to booster vaccination at 12-18 months of age. These responses were comparable with those seen following concomitant administration of Pentavac (DTaP-IPV//PRP-T) and monovalent hepatitis B vaccine (H-B-Vax II), and were also within the ranges observed for other relevant licensed vaccines. Clinical studies comparing the immunogenicity of Hexavac administered at either 2, 3 and 4 months or 2, 4 and 6 months demonstrated that it can be used by either vaccination schedule. A further study also supported the use of primary doses of Hexavac at 3 and 5 months with a booster at 12 months of age. Hexavac demonstrated a good reactogenicity and tolerability profile. The most frequently reported adverse events after both primary and booster doses were local reactions of redness and swelling/induration and a systemic response of mild fever, irrespective of the vaccine used for priming. Hexavac provided immunity against six important childhood diseases with a single injection at each visit.     

Antitumoral action of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist L-733 060 on human melanoma cell lines

Melanoma represents 1% of all cancers and accounts for approximately 65% of skin cancer deaths. At present, effective treatment does not exist. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide expressed in invasive malignant melanomas. We studied the in vitro growth inhibitory capacity of the potent and long-acting neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist L-733 060 at concentration ranges of 2.5-20 microM, 10-30 microM and 20-50 microM in the melanoma cell lines COLO 858, MEL H0 and COLO 679, respectively. A Coulter counter was used to determine the number of viable cells, and the tetrazolium compound 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) colorimetric method was used to evaluate cell proliferation. L-733 060 inhibited the growth of all three cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC(50)) was 8.7 microM at 48 h and 7.1 microM at 96 h for COLO 858, 27.5 microM at 24 h and 18.9 microM at 48 h for MEL H0, and 33.8 microM at 30 h and 31.5 microM at 72 h for COLO 679. These findings indicate that the NK1 receptor antagonist L-733 060 acts as an antitumoral agent. This action, shown here for the first time, suggests that the NK1 receptor antagonist L-733 060 could be a promising therapeutic drug in the treatment of the human melanoma.     

Helicobacter pylori-CagA seropositivity and nitrite and ascorbic acid food intake as predictors for gastric cancer

A hospital-based case-control study was carried out between 1994 and 1996 to evaluate the risk of gastric cancer (GC) according to Helicobacter pylori-CagA (+) seropositivity, nitrite and ascorbic acid intake. Three geographical areas of Mexico were selected on the basis of their contrasting dietary patterns and H. pylori seroprevalence. Nitrite and ascorbic acid consumption were estimated by interview among 211 cases and 454 matched controls. Serum antibodies against IgG H. pylori and CagA were detected by immunosorbent assays. The adjusted risk for GC was significantly higher among CagA+ subjects compared with those that were CagA negative (Odds Ratio (OR)=2.04 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.37-3.02 P for trend P < 0.001), this effect remained significant among diffuse GC cases (OR 2.05 95% CI 1.25-3-36). No significant effects due to nitrite and ascorbic consumption or interactions of these nutrients with CagA seropositivity were detected. Seropositivity to H. pylori CagA+ strains may be an independent factor for diffuse GC in Mexico.     

Postischemic hyperthermia induced caspase-3 activation in the newborn rat brain after hypoxia-ischemia and exacerbated the brain damage

The effects of postischemic hyperthermia were investigated in the newborn rat brain after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Seven-day-old rats were subjected to left carotid artery ligation followed by 8% oxygen for 30 min, and divided into a hyperthermia group (rectal temperature at 39 degrees C for 6 h) and a normothermia group. Hyperthermia resulted in an approximately 5-fold increase in activated caspase-3 24 h after HI when compared with the normothermia group, and gross loss of brain tissue was observed only in the hyperthermia group at 7 and 30 days after HI. Our results show that postischemic hyperthermia exacerbates HI injury in immature brains, and that the mechanism is strongly associated with activation of an apoptotic pathway.     

遗传性代谢病诊治的过去和未来

遗传性代谢病或称先天性代谢缺陷 (InbornErrorMetabolism ,IEM) ,是参与体内代谢的某种酶、运载蛋白、膜或受体等的编码基因发生突变 ,使其编码的产物功能不良而引发代谢失常的一类疾病。这类疾病大多在新生儿、婴幼儿或儿童时期发病 ,有些虽在成年期发病 ,但在儿童时期已有潜在病变。故遗传性代谢病的诊断、防治属儿科范畴。遗传代谢病的种类很多 ,目前已报道的达 5 0 0余种 ,是人类疾病中病种最多的一类疾病。且随着检测诊断技术不断进步 ,还会发现更多的病种。由于每种病的发生率很低 ,又是临床工作者多感生疏的病 ,故诊断较困难。这…     

PKR is not required for interferon-gamma inhibition of VSV replication in neurons

In this report, the contribution of PKR to the IFN-gamma mediated inhibition of VSV replication in neurons was examined. IFN-gamma treatment of NB41A3 murine neuroblastoma cells resulted in the reduced expression of VSV protein during infection. PKR was found to be modestly upregulated in NB41A3 cells following IFN-gamma treatment. The phosphorylation state of PKR and its downstream target, eIF2alpha, were unaffected by either IFN-gamma or VSV infection. Inhibition of PKR through the use of 2-aminopurine or the expression of the Influenza A NS1 gene had no effect on the ability of IFN-gamma to inhibit the replication of VSV in vitro. These data indicate that endogenously expressed PKR is not required for the IFN-gamma mediated inhibition of VSV replication in NB41A3 neuroblastoma cells.     

Immune responses against Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection in virally immunosuppressed chickens

To understand the role of immune mechanisms in protecting chickens from Salmonella infections, we examined the immune responses of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis-infected chickens and the effect of chicken anemia virus (CAV), a T-cell-targeted virus, on S. enterica serovar Enteritidis-induced immune responses. One-day-old chicks were orally inoculated with S. enterica serovar Enteritidis with or without intramuscular injection of CAV. The bacterial infection, pathology, and immune responses of chickens were evaluated at 14, 28, and 56 days postinoculation. The infection increased the levels of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis-specific mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA), the number of gut-associated T cells, and the titer of serum IgG specific for S. enterica serovar Enteritidis surface antigens. CAV infection depressed these immune responses, especially the mucosal immune responses, but did not increase the number of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis-infected cells in the intestine. The severity of pathological lesions appeared to be reciprocal to the level of immune responses, but the S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infection persisted. These results suggest that oral infection of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in chickens induces both mucosal and systemic immune responses, which have a limited effect on the S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infection under conditions designed to mimic the field situation.