全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19850篇 |
免费 | 938篇 |
国内免费 | 91篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 186篇 |
儿科学 | 374篇 |
妇产科学 | 403篇 |
基础医学 | 2662篇 |
口腔科学 | 390篇 |
临床医学 | 1275篇 |
内科学 | 4712篇 |
皮肤病学 | 286篇 |
神经病学 | 1829篇 |
特种医学 | 834篇 |
外科学 | 3050篇 |
综合类 | 97篇 |
一般理论 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 676篇 |
眼科学 | 397篇 |
药学 | 1227篇 |
中国医学 | 21篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2455篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 177篇 |
2021年 | 313篇 |
2020年 | 174篇 |
2019年 | 234篇 |
2018年 | 305篇 |
2017年 | 253篇 |
2016年 | 274篇 |
2015年 | 308篇 |
2014年 | 396篇 |
2013年 | 523篇 |
2012年 | 824篇 |
2011年 | 839篇 |
2010年 | 471篇 |
2009年 | 445篇 |
2008年 | 715篇 |
2007年 | 835篇 |
2006年 | 801篇 |
2005年 | 767篇 |
2004年 | 744篇 |
2003年 | 746篇 |
2002年 | 819篇 |
2001年 | 656篇 |
2000年 | 729篇 |
1999年 | 678篇 |
1998年 | 270篇 |
1997年 | 228篇 |
1996年 | 231篇 |
1995年 | 211篇 |
1994年 | 208篇 |
1993年 | 189篇 |
1992年 | 629篇 |
1991年 | 549篇 |
1990年 | 546篇 |
1989年 | 567篇 |
1988年 | 502篇 |
1987年 | 482篇 |
1986年 | 442篇 |
1985年 | 446篇 |
1984年 | 251篇 |
1983年 | 211篇 |
1982年 | 99篇 |
1979年 | 229篇 |
1978年 | 129篇 |
1977年 | 102篇 |
1975年 | 98篇 |
1974年 | 96篇 |
1973年 | 97篇 |
1970年 | 100篇 |
1969年 | 114篇 |
1968年 | 94篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Masahiko Tomiyama Fumiaki Mori Tamaki Kimura Noritaka Ichinohe Koichi Wakabayashi Muneo Matsunaga Masayuki Baba 《Neuropathology》2004,24(4):290-295
The medial globus pallidus plays a crucial role in generation of L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease. The 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rat exhibiting behavioral sensitization to L‐DOPA is one useful animal model for examining L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. To determine neuropathological abnormality responsible for behavioral sensitization, the medial globus pallidus and the substantia nigra reticulata in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats treated with L‐DOPA were examined. Intermittent L‐DOPA treatment induced hypertrophy of the lesioned‐side of medial globus pallidus and substantia nigra reticulata of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats with behavioral sensitization to L‐DOPA. Additionally, coadministration of a 5‐HT1A receptor agonist, 8‐hydroxy‐2(di‐n‐propylamino)tetralin with L‐DOPA, alleviated the hypertrophy with improvement of the behavioral sensitization. These results suggest that hypertrophy of the medial globus pallidus and substantia nigra reticulata is associated with induction of behavioral sensitization to L‐DOPA in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐lesioned rats. Therefore, neuropathological changes corresponding to hypertrophy might underlie L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease. 相似文献
42.
AM Manganoni† C Farisoglio† G Tucci† F Facchetti‡ PG Calzavara Pinton† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2007,21(10):1333-1336
BACKGROUND: Development of more than one primary melanoma in a patient is a relatively uncommon but well-recognized phenomenon. Its frequency has ranged from 1.2% to 8.2% in several series. This subgroup of patients with multiple primary lesions has not been characterized sufficiently. We report the experience of the Melanoma Unit of University Hospital Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy. METHOD: Study subjects were drawn from 1240 patients with histologically confirmed melanoma, including melanoma in situ. From this group, multiple melanomas developed in 47 patients (3.79%). Every one of our patients has been taught to perform self-examination of the skin to detect suspicious pigmented lesions. RESULTS: Of the 47 patients described in this study, 38 had two primary melanomas, 7 had three melanomas and 2 had 5 and 10 melanomas, respectively. Mean age at first diagnosis was 46.2 years. The majority of subsequent melanomas (74.5%) were removed within 5 years of the initial operation. Synchronous lesions were found in 10 patients. In male patients, the lesion appeared most frequently on the trunk; in female patients, melanoma appeared mostly on the lower extremities. The second primary melanomas developed in the same anatomic region from the first in 53.2% of our patients. The proportion of in situ to invasive melanomas was greater for the second melanomas compared with the first melanomas. Regarding invasive melanomas, the mean thickness of the first melanomas was 1.31 mm compared with 0.66 mm for the second ones. Dividing patients into two groups, of more and less than 50, it is highlighted that in older patients synchronous lesions appear more frequently (36.4% vs. 8.0%); the median time interval between sequential melanomas is longer (84 vs. 63.7 months); and the ratio between the primary and secondary melanoma mean thickness is lower (1.21 : 1.08 vs. 1.43 : 0.63 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that second primary melanoma is usually thinner than the first lesion, and it is more common in the same region of the body as the initial melanoma. The highest risk for a second melanoma is during the first 5 years, but a much longer time interval of 28 years is possible. Continued medical follow-up with complete skin examinations seems prudent, but it is very important to promote self-skin evaluation in patients to detect not only metastases but also subsequent primary melanomas in their earliest phases. 相似文献
43.
M Yamagishi H Koba A Honma A Nakagawa K Yokokawa K Kurokawa T Saito Y Mori H Watanabe S Katoh 《Nihon Kyōbu Shikkan Gakkai zasshi》1991,29(11):1407-1413
We analyzed the CT images (in vivo) of 5 lobes (right middle lobe, 1; left lower lobe, 1; right lower lobe, 3) with panacinar emphysema (PAE) obtained at autopsy or thoracotomy for solitary lung tumor. The lobes were inflation-fixed by the method of Heitzman and sliced axially for a CT-pathologic correlative study. One lobe with mild PAE had normal appearance on CT; however, the other four lobes with PAE demonstrated low-attenuation areas (LAAs) of various shapes and sizes on CT. LAAs were locally distributed on CT slices in one lobe, dominant in the inner zones in two lobes, and diffuse in one lobe. Relatively normal to diminished vasculature was observed within the LAAs of four lobes. These CT findings differed significantly from those of centriacinar emphysema (CAE) as reported in other studies. We conclude that CT is useful in the clinical diagnosis of PAE and its differentiation from CAE. 相似文献
44.
A new method for the quantification of beta-glucan in plasma and its application in the diagnosis of postoperative infection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M Yokota J Kambayashi T Tsujinaka M Sakon T Mori M Tsuchiya H Oishi S Matsuura 《The Japanese journal of surgery》1990,20(5):559-566
In order to correctly diagnose and treat severe postoperative infections, it may be critical to detect and differentiate between endotoxin derived from Gram-negative bacteria and/or beta-glucan derived from fungi. In addition to the chromogenic assay, the turbidimetric kinetic assay has been performed for the quantification of endotoxin in plasma using Limulus amebocyte lysate as previously reported. However, it is also known that beta-glucan triggers the coagulation of Limulus amebocyte lysate. In the present study, the differentiation of beta-glucan from endotoxin and its clinical application were studied. Endotoxin was able to be inactivated in plasma using one-tenth dilution by 10 per cent ethanol or distilled water, followed by heating at 100 degrees C for 120 min, without affecting the activity of coexisting beta-glucan. The treated sample was then subjected to the turbidimetric kinetic assay using Toxinometer ET-201. Using this method, as little as 30 pg/ml of beta-glucan in the plasma may be assayed separately, with the amount of circulating beta-glucan in the plasma of normal subjects being less than 50 pg/ml. On the other hand, in patients with a fungal infection, the amount of beta-glucan in their plasma was elevated significantly. Clinically, beta-glucanemia may often occur in severe postoperative infection even if fungi are not detected. 相似文献
45.
Summary The hepatic falciform ligament artery (HFLA) was evaluated by angiography and also by dissections. Based on the findings, the mechanism of the post-chemoembolization skin rash was studied. A total of 340 liver cirrhosis patients who underwent hepatic artery chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma were reviewed in terms of the angiographic incidence of the HFLA, variations in its origin, and the incidence of skin rash. The HFLA was demonstrated in 26 (7.6%) of the 340 patients on angiography. Two HFLAs were observed in one patient. The origin was the middle hepatic artery (A4) in 16 cases, the superior branch of the middle hepatic artery in three, the inferior branch of the middle hepatic artery in two, the inferior branch of the left hepatic artery (A3) in three, and the confluence of A3 and A4 in three cases. There were no patients who developed post-chemoembolization skin rash. Two cadavers were dissected to investigate the anastomosis between the HFLA and the subcutaneous artery. Two different anastomoses were found: (1) direct and (2) via the ensiform branch of the internal thoracic artery. These were located at the lower and upper part of the falciform ligament, respectively. The distribution of a chemotherapeutic agent through these anastomoses is the likely cause of post-chemoembolization skin rash. If prophylactic embolization of the proximal portion of the HFLA using a metallic coil is performed, the skin rash will be prevented.
L'artère du ligament rond du foie : anatomie angiographique et implication clinique
Résumé L'artère du ligament falciforme hépatique (ALFH) fut étudiée par des angiographies et des dissections. D'après les résultats, le mécanisme d'un rash cutané après chimio-embolisation est discuté. Un total de 340 patients présentant une cirrhose hépatique ayant eu une chimio-embolisation de l'artère hépatique pour un carcinome hépato-cellulaire fut revu en fonction de l'incidence angiographie de l'ALFH, les variations d'origine de l'ALFH, et l'incidence d'un rash cutané. L'ALFH fut objectivée angiographiquement chez 26 (7,6%) des 340 patients. Deux ALFH furent objectivées chez un patient. L'origine des ALFH était située sur l'artère hépatique moyenne (A4) dans 16 cas, la branche supérieure de l'artère hépatique moyenne dans 3 cas, la branche inférieure de l'artère hépatique moyenne dans 2 cas, la branche inférieure de l'artère hépatique gauche (A3) dans 3 cas, et la confluence A3 et A4 dans 3 cas. Aucun patient ne développa un rash cutané après chimio-embolisation. Deux cadavres furent disséqués pour étudier les anastomoses entre l'ALFH et les artères sous-cutanées. Deux types d'anastomoses entre l'ALFH et des artères sous-cutanées furent individualisés directement et par l'intermédiaire de l'artère xiphoïde et de l'artère thoracique interne. Celles-ci étaient respectivement situées à la partie inférieure et à la partie supérieure du ligament falciforme. La distribution de l'agent chimiothérapique par ces anastomoses est vraisemblablement la cause des rash cutanés après chimio-embolisation. Dans le cas d'une embolisation prophylactique de la portion proximale de l'ALFH par utilisation d'un coil métallique le rash cutané pourrait être prévenu.相似文献
46.
Seishi Inoue Tadayasu Shono Mieko Shono Masayuki Azuma Toshiaki Hirabayashi Oshi Inagaki Hidetaro Mori Yoshikazu Fujita 《Journal of bone and mineral metabolism》1990,8(3):19-23
A case of polycythemia vera complicated by chronic renal failure under maintenance hemodialysis requiring parathyroidectory
(PTH) for secondary hyperparathyroidism (2° HPT) is reported.
A 62 year old female presented with 75000 white blood cells (WBC)/μl, 703×104 red blood cells (RBC)/μl, 23×104 platelets (PLT)/μl, hyperuricemia and hypertension in 1970 and the diagnosis of polycythemia vera was made. Hemodialysis
was started in October 1974 for chronic renal failure. Blood cells in peripheral blood rapidly decreased in number after the
beginning of dialysis, reaching the level of 10000∼20000 WBC/μl, and 150∼250×104RBC/μl. In August 1988, marked bone resorption in X-ray picture and high serum alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone
(PTH) noted along with 17400 WBC/μl, 370×104RBC/μl and 35.9×104PLT/μl.
After subtotal PTX removing 3.21g parathyroid gland, serum PTH rapidly fell. At 3 months after PTX, WBC rose to 23600/μl,
RBC 372×104/μl and PLT 94.0×104/μl. At 6 months, WBC was to 31000/μl, RBC 429×104/μl and PLT 78.0×104/μl, suggesting an inhibitory action of PTH on not only RBC, but also WBC and PLT. 相似文献
47.
Yasuhiko Tamada Hiromichi Takama Toshihiko Ikeya Takashi Yokochi Hijiri Mori Yoshinari Matsumoto 《The Journal of dermatology》1995,22(12):913-916
Lewis Y (Ley) antigen, a difucosylated tetrasaccharide found on type 2 blood group oligosaccharides of glycolipids and glycoproteins, is thought to be a phenotypic marker predictive of cell differentiation. The distribution of this antigen in human anagen hair follicles was examined by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody (AH-6) to Ley. In the bulbar and suprabulbar portion of anagen hair follicles, Ley antigen was detected in the three layers of the inner root sheath. Subsequently, the positive staining became translocated to the innermost layer of the outer root sheath in the middle part of the hair follicles. In the upper portion of the hair follicles, Ley antigen was found in the outer cells of the outer root sheath. These findings suggested that the expression of Ley antigen in the anagen hair follicles was correlated with the processes of keratinization or terminal differentiation. 相似文献
48.
Y Muraki T Kobayashi H Kojima A Shibuya T Nagasawa T Abe N Mori 《[Rinshō ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology》1992,33(3):328-332
A 50-year-old woman with anorexia nervosa was admitted for evaluation of neutropenia (WBC 1,600/microliters). Her bone marrow was gelatinous, and myeloid cells had decreased. Homogeneous substance deposited in the marrow, stained by alcian blue (pH 2.5), indicative of acid mucopolysaccharides. CFU-G and CFU-GM were decreased in number and myeloid pool in the bone marrow also decreased. Anti-neutrophilic antibody was negative. Neutropenia may be related to myeloid hypoplasia, due to increase of acid mucopolysaccharides replacing adipose cells in the bone marrow under long-term mal-nutritional state. Neutrophils markedly increased by administration of rhG-CSF 5.0 micrograms/kg/day for 14 days without the first peak. Serum G-CSF level did not increase (less than 60 pg/ml). It is effective to administer G-CSF to anorexia nervosa with neutropenia. 相似文献
49.
Yoshimasa Mori Masakazu Takayasu Yoshio Suzuki Masato Shibuya Jun Yoshida Hiroyoshi Hidaka 《European journal of pharmacology》1997,320(2-3):183-186
The vasodilator effects of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) were investigated in isolated rat cerebral arterioles. CNP caused dose-dependent vasodilation, maximally by 10.0±2.2% at 10−6 M. The median effective concentration (EC50) was 5.2×10−10 M. In contrast, atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide, other members of the natriuretic peptide family, produced little or no vasodilation. Pretreatment with methylene blue (10−4 M) abolished CNP-induced vasodilation, whereas pretreatment with NG-monomethyl--arginine or indomethacin did not inhibit vasodilation. Thus, CNP is suggested to cause significant vasodilation in cerebral arterioles via a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent mechanism. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 相似文献
50.
T Fujita H Mori Y Osaki M Minowa S Ishihara N Masuda Y Hanzawa C Mori T Nanba H Ohta 《[Nihon kōshū eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health》1992,39(9):687-695
A case-control study was conducted to examine factors relating to discontinuation of domiciliary care for the bedridden elderly in Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo. Cases were bedridden residents aged 65 years and over who had abandoned home care and applied for admission to live in a special nursing home for the aged between April and September in 1990 after being recipients of welfare allowances for disabled elderly. Controls were bedridden residents who continued to be given home care and matched to cases by sex, age and beginning month of the receiving of allowances. Among 50 cases and 94 controls interviewed, we obtained responses from 31 cases (62%) and 60 controls (64%). The main results were as follows: 1. During the home-care period, ADL (activities of daily living) of cases, especially walking ability, deteriorated more severely than in controls. Night delirium also appeared more frequently in cases. 2. The primary caregivers of cases were older than those of controls. Remarkable differences between cases and controls were observed in the family structure, the number of family members and the number of sub-caregivers. Cases tended to live alone or live with a spouse only, and with smaller number of family members and caregivers. 3. Case lived more frequently in houses with small numbers of rooms and without rooms of their own. 4. As regards utilization of domiciliary care services, cases used dispatch of home helpers more frequently and used day services less frequently. 相似文献