急诊输液中药物不良反应回顾性分析与护理对策

目的 探讨临床用药过程中发生的不良反应及采取的护理对策,以达到保证临床安全用药的目的.方法 选取2013年2月~2015年6月急诊输液室发生的不良反应76例来进行分析.结果 48例属于过敏,11例配伍禁忌,10例属于用药出现的药物性皮疹等不良反应,6例药物本身纯度问题,1例用药方式错误静滴误用静注.结论 护理人员必须掌握相关药学知识,正确判断用药过程中发生的各种不良反应及采取相应的护理对策,保证临床的安全用药.     

聚维酮在阿霉素诱导膀胱癌EJ细胞凋亡模型中的作用机制

目的:探讨聚维酮(PVP)在体外加阿霉素(ADM)后诱导EJ细胞发生凋亡的情况以及一些相关机制。方法:应用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测ADM诱导EJ细胞的凋亡率、PVP EJ细胞的凋亡率以及PVP ADM对EJ细胞的诱导凋亡率的情况。结果:PVP对ADM诱导膀胱癌EJ细胞凋亡无影响。结论:PVP在整个诱导过程中并没有协同作用,只起到粘附作用,使得药物停留在EJ细胞表面的作用时间延长,从而达到大量杀伤EJ细胞的作用。     

Estimate of 2009 H1N1 influenza cases in Shenzhen--the biggest migratory city in China

The 2009 novel H1N1 influenza pandemic had a significant impact on Shenzhen's population with 2063 laboratory-confirmed human H1N1 cases and five deaths being reported. We used parameters from two population-based surveys and the Shenzhen Influenza Surveillance System to estimate the total number of H1N1 influenza infections in Shenzhen in the 2009 pandemic. The attack rate of influenza-like illness (ILI) in family households was 11·2% (95% CI 9·4-13·0), with 80·2% (95% CI 77·8-82·5) seeking medical care. The ILI attack rate in workers was 38·1% (95% CI 34·3-41·7) with 72·5% (95% CI 66·9-78·0) seeking medical care. The average H1N1 positive rate in individuals reporting ILI and testing by polymerase chain reaction was 22·7%. A total of 611 000-768 000 people, or 4·7-5·9% of the Shenzhen population, are estimated to have experienced H1N1 influenza. The estimated total number of cases of H1N1 is likely to be 330 times greater than the number of laboratory-confirmed cases.     

医院高温蒸汽灭菌器排水管道锈蚀的原因分析与设计探讨

文章结合中国医学科学院肿瘤医院外科楼地下二层漏水问题,对排水管道锈蚀原因进行了分析,并针对高温蒸汽灭菌器排水管道的设计与施工提出了一些建议。     

五年制培训护士医院感染知识认知状况调查分析

目的:探讨五年制培训护士医院感染知识认知状况及防护意识,制定有效的防护措施和继续教育方案.方法:对96例五年制培训的准护士和96例青年护士采取自行设计问卷进行调查.结果:五年制培训的准护士和青年护士对医院感染基本概念的认知情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),医院感染护理干预措施和自身防护的认知情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:对五年制培训的准护士和青年护士分别制定医院感染知识培训计划,加强医院感染的防护意识,可减少患者和自身医院感染的发生,降低医院感染率.     

苏州地区2011-2019年儿童细菌性脑膜炎病原分布及耐药性分析

目的:探讨苏州地区细菌性脑膜炎患儿病原构成及耐药性。方法:回顾性分析2011-2019年在苏州大学附属儿童医院住院的细菌性脑膜炎患儿脑脊液培养结果,总结不同年龄段患儿的病原分布特点及耐药情况。结果:535例患儿中,162例脑脊液细菌培养阳性,阳性率为30.3%;菌种主要为肺炎链球菌42株(25.9%)、无乳链球菌39株(24.1%)、大肠埃希菌36株(22.2%)等。>1～3岁组阳性率为53.6%,均高于其他各年龄组(P均<0.05)。革兰阴性杆菌组的患儿年龄与革兰阳性球菌组、革兰阳性杆菌组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),年龄越小越容易感染革兰阴性杆菌。新生儿组以无乳链球菌和大肠埃希菌为主,29 d～1岁组病原种类较多,多见肺炎链球菌、无乳链球菌和大肠埃希菌,而>1岁患儿以肺炎链球菌为主。脑脊液培养前使用过抗菌药物的患儿细菌检出阳性率低于未使用过抗菌药物的患儿(P<0.05)。药敏试验显示,肺炎链球菌及无乳链球菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺敏感率达100%;肺炎链球菌对青霉素的耐药率较高,为85.7%;大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松的耐药率分别为...     

Evaluation of blood pressure lowering effect by generic and brand-name antihypertensive drugs treatment: a multicenter prospective study in China

Background::Generic drugs are bioequivalent to their brand-name counterparts; however, concerns still exist regarding the effectiveness and safety of generic dr...     

Impact of National Centralized Drug Procurement Policy on Antiviral Utilization and Expenditure for Hepatitis B in China

Background and AimsThe National Centralized Drug Procurement (NCDP) policy was launched in mainland China in April 2019, with entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) being included in the procurement list. We conducted the current study to investigate the impact of the NCDP policy on the utilization and expenditures of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China.MethodsProcurement records, including monthly purchase volume, expenditure, and price of nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs), were derived from the National Healthcare Security Administration from April 2018 to March 2021. The changes in volumes and expenditures of the first-line NAs and bid-winning products were calculated. The effects of price, volume, and structure related to drug expenditure were calculated by the Addis and Magrini (AM) Index System Analysis.ResultsThe purchase volume of NAs significantly increased from 134.3 to 318.3 million DDDs, whereas the expenditure sharply decreased from 1,623.41 to 490.43 million renminbi (RMB) or 241.94 to 73.09 million US dollars (USD). The proportions of first-line NAs rose from 72.51% (ETV: 69.00%, TDF: 3.51%) to 94.97% (ETV: 77.42%, TDF: 17.55%). AM analysis showed that the NCDP policy decreased the expenditure of all NAs (S=0.91) but increased that of the first-line NAs in the bid-winning list (S=1.13). Assuming the population size of CHB patients remains stable and a compliance rate of ≥75%, the proportion of CHB patients receiving first-line antiviral therapy would increase from 6.36–8.48% to 11.56–15.41%.ConclusionsThe implementation of the NCDP policy significantly increased the utilization of first-line NAs for CHB patients at a lower expenditure. The findings provided evidence for optimizing antiviral therapy strategy and allocating medical resources in China.     

SLC2A3 variants in familial and sporadic congenital heart diseases in a Chinese Yunnan population

BackgroundSolute carrier family 2 member 3 (SLC2A3), is a member of a superfamily of transport protein genes. SLC2A3 played an important role in embryonic development. Previous research reported SLC2A3 duplication was reportedly associated with congenital syndromic heart defects. However, it is not clear whether the gene is associated with non‐syndromic congenital heart disease. Our study aimed to elucidate the relationship between its variation and congenital heart disease.MethodsGenomic DNA extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes of two families with CHD were sequenced with whole‐exome sequencing to identify variations, used Sanger sequencing to investigate SLC2A3 variants in 494 Chinese patients with CHD and 576 healthy unrelated individuals.ResultsIn members from the two families, three with CHD had the SLC2A3 (rs3931701) C > T variant. Of the 494 patients with CHD, 394 had gene variants (86 had the TT type and 308 had the CT type). Of the 576 healthy controls, 272 participants had gene variants (36 had the TT type and 236 had the CT type). The TT type [p < 0.0001, odds ratio (OR) =7.262, 95% confidence interval (CI) =4.631–11.388] and CT type (p < 0.0001, OR =3.967, 95% CI =2.991–5.263) of SLC2A3 (rs3931701) significantly increased the risk of sporadic ASD in a Chinese Yunnan population.ConclusionsSingle nucleotide variations of SLC2A3, particularly, the SLC2A3 (rs3931701) C > T variant increased the risk of CHD among the studied population.     

曲安奈德对缺氧条件下恒河猴视网膜血管内皮细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的:观察曲安奈德对正常和缺氧条件下体外培养恒河猴视网膜血管内皮细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法:将曲安奈德加入到培养的恒河猴视网膜血管内皮细胞(RF/6A)中,用MTT法测定曲安奈德对RF/6A细胞活性的影响,应用流式细胞仪观察曲安奈德对正常和缺氧条件下细胞增殖与凋亡的影响。结果:缺氧条件下可使内皮细胞周期中s期细胞相对减少,G2-M期细胞比例增加,曲安奈德对恒河猴视网膜血管内皮细胞周期有明显影响并可诱导内皮细胞凋亡。,可使正常及缺氧条件下内皮细胞周期中s期细胞相对增加,G2-M期细胞比例减少,说明曲安奈德可阻滞内皮细胞由s期进入G2-M期,从而降低其有丝分裂能力。结论:缺氧条件可促进视网膜内皮细胞的增殖;曲安奈德对正常及缺氧条件下内皮细胞的增殖有抑制作用并可诱导内皮细胞凋亡。