健康老年人群血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白和肾小球滤过率的关系

目的：探讨老年人群血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白（sTM）与估算的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）的相关性。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法对北京市9个社区283名≥65岁健康老年人进行研究,酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白水平,应用CKD-EPI公式评估eGFR,同时行人体学测量及血清生化指标测定,并做相关和回归分析。结果北京社区健康老年人群eGFR水平与sTM、年龄、尿素氮、肌酐、C反应蛋白（CRP）及收缩压呈负相关,与白蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平呈正相关;在校正了年龄、血压、血糖（GLU）、CRP、血脂、尿酸（UA）等指标后,健康老年人血浆sTM仍然和eGFR呈负相关（B＝-3.340,P＝0.000）。在进一步的研究中,将入组的北京社区健康老年人分为老年（65～80岁）和高龄老年（＞80岁）两组;两组之间eGFR和sTM水平差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,老年组和高龄老年组eGFR均与sTM水平呈负相关（r＝-0.229,P＝0.000;r＝-0.3613,P＝0.02）,校正了年龄、血压、GLU、CRP、血脂、UA等指标后差异仍有统计学意义（B＝-3.26,P＝0.000;B＝-4.45,P＝0.013）。结论 sTM可作为判断老年人群肾功能下降的指标。     

经皮颈内静脉长期导管在老年维持性血液透析患者中的临床应用

目的：探讨经皮颈内静脉长期导管在老年维持性血液透析患者中的应用及其常见并发症的防治。方法对2009年12月至2012年12月在中南大学湘雅医院行经皮颈内静脉长期置管的15例维持性血液透析老年患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,观察置管术后情况、导管的使用情况、常见并发症的防治、透析充分性评价等。结果（1）实施颈内静脉长期置管18例次,其中3例为重新置管,置管成功率100%。（2）导管相关并发症：2例患者术后1周内出现置管处局部渗血;1例出现导管出口感染,2例发生导管相关性血流感染;3例患者出现导管血栓形成;2例诊断导管纤维鞘形成;1例因人为损坏出现导管破裂。经过相应处理后均使问题得到解决。（3）导管使用期限：本组患者长期导管使用时间为4～41个月,除1例死亡（原因为脑出血）,3例为重新置管,余患者仍继续使用。（4）透析充分性评价：15例患者平均尿素下降率为72%,平均尿素清除指数达1.54。结论对于血管条件差无法建立动静脉内瘘的老年血透患者,使用颈内静脉长期导管行血液透析可以达到充分透析;提高置管及导管护理技术、加强健康宣教,能延长导管使用年限,减少导管并发症。     

ICO Amplicon NGS Data Analysis: A Web Tool for Variant Detection in Common High‐Risk Hereditary Cancer Genes Analyzed by Amplicon GS Junior Next‐Generation Sequencing

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genomic research and is set to have a major impact on genetic diagnostics thanks to the advent of benchtop sequencers and flexible kits for targeted libraries. Among the main hurdles in NGS are the difficulty of performing bioinformatic analysis of the huge volume of data generated and the high number of false positive calls that could be obtained, depending on the NGS technology and the analysis pipeline. Here, we present the development of a free and user‐friendly Web data analysis tool that detects and filters sequence variants, provides coverage information, and allows the user to customize some basic parameters. The tool has been developed to provide accurate genetic analysis of targeted sequencing of common high‐risk hereditary cancer genes using amplicon libraries run in a GS Junior System. The Web resource is linked to our own mutation database, to assist in the clinical classification of identified variants. We believe that this tool will greatly facilitate the use of the NGS approach in routine laboratories.     

介入途径对冠状动脉介入术后焦虑和抑郁状态的影响

目的:研究经桡动脉或经股动脉冠状动脉介入治疗术后,患者焦虑抑郁状态的发生情况。方法:对99例因冠心病准备行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者根据采用路径分为两组:经桡动脉冠状动脉介入治疗(TRI,n=50)和经股动脉行冠状动脉介入治疗(TFI,n=49)。同时采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),对两组患者术前及术后1d分别进行焦虑抑郁状态评分。HAMA8分定义为焦虑状态,HAMD8分定义为抑郁状态。结果:术前两组患者的HAMA和HAMD评分差异均无统计学意义[分别为(7.15±1.78)vs.(7.75±1.82),P=0.216]和[(6.80±1.75)vs.(6.78±2.15),P=0.763]。术后TRI组的HAMA平均评分:[(9.74±3.36)vs.(12.82±5.68),P=0.038]和HAMD的平均评分:[(9.94±3.37)vs.(13.02±3.75),P=0.022)]均显著低于TFI组。TRI组患者焦虑和抑郁状态的发生率显著低于TFI组[焦虑状态:18.0%vs.38.8%,P=0.022);抑郁状态:16.0%vs.34.7%,P=0.032]。多因素Logistic分析显示TFI和TRI相比是术后抑郁和焦虑状态的独立预测因素。结论:焦虑和抑郁状态均是PCI术后常见的情绪障碍,而TRI在对患者这两种情绪障碍的影响上均明显优于TFI。     

Situation of antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome

Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. The study examines the situation of antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients(more than 60 years old) with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF) and acute coronary syndrome(ACS) / percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods This study enrolled 381 elderly patients [mean age(69.95 ± 8.41) years; 289 males, 92 females]with NVAF and ACS / PCI between January 2006 and September 2013. According to clinical data, these patients were categorized into 4 groups: triple therapy(TT) group, dual antiplatelet therapy(DAT) group,vitamin K antagonist(VKA) plus single antiplatelet therapy(SAT) group and VKA group. According to score of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED, all the patients were divided into 4 combinations. Statistical methods were used to analyze the situation of antithrombotic therapy and potential associations between the different combinations. Results 38 patients(9.97%) received TT and 300 patients(78.74%) received DAT. TT was received in 20 patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 and HAS-BLED ≥3, and 16 patients with CHA2DS2-VASc≥2 and HAS-BLED 3. Conclusions Elderly patients who suffered NVAF and ACS / PCI were with high risk of stroke and low risk of bleeding. Majority of these patients received DAT instead of TT.     

Usefulness of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to predict mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation (from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities [ARIC] Study)

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker for the risk of cardiovascular and overall mortality. However, information about the association between hs-CRP and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation is scarce. A total of 293 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities study with a history of AF and hs-CRP levels available were studied. During a median follow-up of 9.4 years, 134 participants died (46%). The hazard ratio of all-cause mortality associated with the highest versus the lowest tertile of hs-CRP was 2.52 (95% confidence interval 1.49 to 4.25) after adjusting for age, gender, history of cardiovascular diseases, and cardiovascular risk factors. A similar trend was observed for cardiovascular mortality (57 events; hazard ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 4.45). The Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age >75 years, Diabetes, and previous Stroke or transient ischemic attack (CHADS2) score was also associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.39 (95% confidence interval 1.91 to 6.01) and 8.71 (95% confidence interval 2.98 to 25.47), respectively, comparing those with a CHADS2 score >2 versus a CHADS2 score of 0. Adding hs-CRP to a predictive model including the CHADS2 score was associated with an improvement of the C-statistic for total mortality (from 0.627 to 0.677) and for cardiovascular mortality (from 0.700 to 0.718). In conclusion, high levels of hs-CRP constitute an independent marker for the risk of mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation.     

sPLA2-V inhibits EPCR anticoagulant and antiapoptotic properties by accommodating lysophosphatidylcholine or PAF in the hydrophobic groove

The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an important role in cardiovascular disease by binding protein C/activated protein C (APC). EPCR structure contains a hydrophobic groove filled with an unknown phospholipid needed to perform its function. It has not been established whether lipid exchange takes place in EPCR as a regulatory mechanism of its activity. Our objective was to identify this phospholipid and to explore the possibility of lipid exchange as a regulatory mechanism of EPCR activity driven by the endothelially expressed secretory group V phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-V). We identified phosphatidylcholine (PCh) as the major phospholipid bound to human soluble EPCR (sEPCR). PCh in EPCR could be exchanged for lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPCh) and platelet activating factor (PAF). Remarkably, lysoPCh and PAF impaired the protein C binding ability of sEPCR. Inhibition of sPLA(2)-V, responsible for lysoPCh and PAF generation, improved APC binding to endothelial cells. EPCR-dependent protein C activation and APC antiapoptotic effect were thus significantly enhanced. In contrast, endothelial cell supplementation with sPLA(2)-V inhibited both APC generation and its antiapoptotic effects. We conclude that APC generation and function can be modulated by changes in phospholipid occupancy of its endothelial cell receptor.